WebSVN - FAQs - Path Comparison - / Rev 5 and / Rev 6

Ignore whitespace Rev 5 → Rev 6

/trunk/cljs/index.html
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## -1 +0,0 ##
-text/plain
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Index: trunk/cljs/process.wsf
===================================================================
--- trunk/cljs/process.wsf (revision 5)
+++ trunk/cljs/process.wsf (nonexistent)
@@ -1,387 +0,0 @@
-<job id="process">
-<!--
-This file generates the FAQ index.html
--->
-<SCRIPT>
-/**
- * Formatting - Still messy.
- * Needed corrections:
- * statements terminated with semicolon.
- * use \|var\| for variables.
- * use whitespace.
- * 2 spaces for indentation (not one).
- */
-var CheckUrls=false,
- xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
-
-// moomin.utilities can be got from http://www.e-media.co.uk/earl/
-// var mu=new ActiveXObject("Moomin.Utilities")
-
-var xml = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
-xml.async = false;
-xml.validateOnParse = false;
-xml.resolveExternals = false;
-xml.load("index.xml");
-xml.save("indexold.xml");
-
-var faqNode = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ"),
- Version = faqNode.attributes.getNamedItem("VERSION").nodeValue,
- maintainer = "Garrett Smith",
- Updated = faqNode.attributes.getNamedItem("DATE").nodeValue;
-
-var str = '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" \n'
- + '"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">\n<html lang="en">\n'
- + '<head>\n'
- + '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">\n'
- + '<meta name="DCTERMS.language" scheme="RFC1766" content="en">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.title" content="comp.lang.javascript Frequently Asked Questions">\n'
- + '<meta name="DCTERMS.subject" '
- + 'content="Frequently asked questions in the Usenet newsgroup comp.lang.javascript">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.format" content="text/html">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.type" content="Text">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.creator" content="Jim Ley">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.publisher" content="' + maintainer + '">\n'
- + '<META name="DC.Publisher.Address" '
- + 'content="dhtmlkitchen@gmail.com">\n'
- + '<meta name="DCTERMS.modified" content="' + Updated +'">\n'
- + '<meta name="DCTERMS.audience" content="Programmers, web developers">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.description" content="Javascript Frequently Asked Questions">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.identifier" content="http://jibbering.com/faq">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.source" '
- + 'content="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.source" content="news:comp.lang.javascript">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.source" content="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hbxc2t98%28VS.85%29.aspx">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050%28VS.85%29.aspx">\n'
- + '<meta name="DC.rights" content="copyright contributors, comp.lang.javascript">\n'
- + '<link rel="StyleSheet" href="faq.css" type="text/css" media="screen">\n';
-
-TitleStr = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ/TITLE").firstChild.nodeValue;
-
-str += "<title> "+TitleStr+"</title>\n"
- + '</head>\n <body>\n'
- + "<h1> "+TitleStr+"</h1>\n"
- + "<p>Version "+Version+", Updated "+Updated +", by " + maintainer + "</p>"
- + '<div id="nav"><a href="notes/">FAQ Notes</a></div>';
-
-var contentstr = "";
-Contents = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ/CONTENTS").selectNodes("CONTENT");
-
-str += "\n<ul id='faqList'>\n";
-
-for (var i = 0; i < Contents.length; i++) {
- CNode = Contents[i];
- var sectionId = CNode.getAttribute("ID") \|\| "",
- title = CNode.getAttribute("TITLE");
-
- str += "<li>" + (i+1) + " <a href='#" + sectionId +"'>" + title + "</a>\n";
-
- contentstr += "<div id='" + sectionId +"' class='section'>"
- + "<h2"+getOldId(CNode)+">"
- + (i+1) + " " + title
- + "</h2>\n"
- + processContentChildren(CNode)
- + "</div>";
-
- var SubContents = CNode.selectNodes("CONTENT");
- processContentChildren(CNode);
- if(SubContents.length > 0) {
- str += "\n<ul>\n";
-
- // Build a link to a subsection.
- // a subsection looks like:
- // <h3 id=[FAQ5_7 \| getWindowSize]><a name=FAQ5_7></a> ... </h3>
- // This allows for items to be moved around in various
- // order (index should not matter).
-
- for (var j = 0; j < SubContents.length; j++) {
- var SubCNode = SubContents[j],
- subSectionId = SubCNode.getAttribute("ID"),
- title = SubCNode.getAttribute("TITLE"),
- entryNumber = ""+(i+1)+"."+ (j+1);
-
- str += "<li>" + entryNumber +" <a href='#"+ subSectionId +"'>" + title + "</a></li>\n";
-
- contentstr += "<div id='" + subSectionId + "' class='section'>"
- + "<h3" + getOldId(SubCNode) + ">"
- + entryNumber + " " + title
- + '</h3>'
- + processContentChildren(SubCNode )
- + '</div>'
- + '\n';
- }
- str += "</ul>";
- }
- str += "</li>";
-}
-
-/**
- * If the node contains a "NUMID",
- * the content is wrapped in an anchor, e.g. "<a name='" + NUMID.
- * Otherwise, returns the content.
- */
-function getOldId(node) {
- var faqSectionIndexString = node.getAttribute("NUMID") \|\| "";
- return (faqSectionIndexString ?
- " id='FAQ" + faqSectionIndexString +"'" : "");
-}
-
-str += "</ul>"
- + contentstr
- + "<!--<script src='FAQReader.js' type='text/javascript'><\/script>-->"
- + "</body> \n</html> \n";
-str = str.replace(/<p><\/p>/gm,"").replace(/<p> <\/p>/gm,"");
-
-// Create the files.
-var FSO = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
-FIL = FSO.CreateTextFile("index"+Version+".html",true);
-FIL.WriteLine(str);
-FIL.close();
-FIL=FSO.CreateTextFile("index.html",true);
-FIL.WriteLine(str);
-FIL.close();
-if (CheckUrls) {
- xml.save("index.xml");
- xml.save("index"+Version+".xml");
-}
-
-function processContentChildren(cNode) {
- var allNodes = cNode.selectNodes("*"),
- contentstr = "";;
- for(var k = 0; k < allNodes.length; k++) {
- var node = allNodes[k];
- if(node.tagName == "P")
- contentstr += ProcessNode(node);
-
- // List nodes, for UL, OL, DL.
- else if(node.tagName == "LIST")
- contentstr += processList(allNodes[k]);
- }
- return contentstr;
-}
-
-function ProcessNode(nde) {
- var str = " ", p = "", closeP = "", child;
- if(nde.tagName == "P") {
- str = "<p>\n ";
- p = "<p>";
- closeP = "</p>";
- }
- for (var i = 0;i < nde.childNodes.length; i++) {
- child = nde.childNodes[i];
- switch (child.nodeName) {
- case "#comment" :
- str += "<!--" + child.data + "-->";
- break;
- case "#text" :
- // If a text node is empty, do not generate an empty <p> tag.
- if(child.nodeValue.replace(/\s+/,'') == "") return " ";
- str += child.nodeValue;
- break;
- case "VER" :
- str += Version;
- break;
- case "UPDATED" :
- str += Updated;
- break;
- case "URL" :
- str += makeLink(child);
- break;
- case "EM" :
- var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
- str+=' <em>'+url+'</em>';
- break;
- case "NEWSGROUP" :
- var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
- str+=' <a href="news:'+url+'">'+url+'</a>';
- break;
- case "MAILTO" :
- var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
- str+=' <a href="mailto:'+url+'">'+url+'</a>';
- break;
- case "MOREINFO" :
- str += closeP + ProcessResource(child) + p;
- break;
- case "UL" :
- str+= closeP + " \n<ul> "+ProcessUL(nde.childNodes[i])+"</ul> \n" + p;
- break;
- case "LI" :
- str+="<li> "+ ProcessNode( child ) + "</li>";
- break;
- case "CODE" :
- str+= closeP + "\n<pre>"+ child.firstChild.nodeValue +"</pre>\n"+p;
- break;
- case "ICODE" :
- str += "<code>"+ child.firstChild.nodeValue+"</code>";
- break;
- case "DFN" :
- var title = child.attributes.getNamedItem("TITLE");
- title = title && (" title = '" + title.nodeValue +"'") \|\| "";
- str +="\n<dfn" + title + ">"
- + child.firstChild.nodeValue + "</dfn>";
- break;
- default:
- str += child.nodeValue;
- break;
- }
- }
- return str+= closeP + " ";
-}
-
-function makeLink(child) {
- var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue,
- linkText = child.attributes.getNamedItem("LINKTEXT"),
- addstr = checkUrl(url, child);
- linkText = linkText && linkText.nodeValue;
- return '<a href="'+url+'" '+addstr+'>'+(linkText\|\|url)+'</a>';
-}
-
-/** Processing for OL, UL, DL.
- * calls processNode.
- */
-function processList(list) {
- var str = "",
- header = "",
- title = list.getAttribute("TITLE"),
- id = list.getAttribute("ID"),
- idStr = (id && " id='" + id + "'") \|\| "";
-
- if(title) {
- header = "\n<h4" + idStr +">" + title + "</h4>\n";
- idStr = ""; // Output id only once.
- }
-
- var type = list.getAttribute("TYPE");
- type = (type \|\| "ul").toLowerCase();
-
- str += "\n<" + type + idStr +">";
-
- for (var i = 0; i < list.childNodes.length; i++) {
- var child = list.childNodes[i],
- tagName = child.nodeName;
-
- // If not a list-type element,
- // add it to the header (will appear first).
- if(!/(?:LI)\|(?:DT)\|(?:DD)/.test(tagName)) {
- header += ProcessNode(child);
- }
- else if(tagName !== "#text") {
- tagName = tagName.toLowerCase();
- str += "\n <" +tagName +">" + ProcessNode(child) + "</" +tagName +">";
- }
- }
- return header + str + "</" + type + ">";
-}
-
- function ProcessUL(nde) {
- var str=""
- for (var i=0;i<nde.childNodes.length;i++) {
-
- var child = nde.childNodes[i];
-
- switch (nde.childNodes[i].nodeName) {
- case "#text" :
- str+=nde.childNodes[i].nodeValue;
- break;
- case "VER" :
- str+=Version
- break;
- case "URL" :
- str += makeLink(child);
- break;
- case "NEWSGROUP" :
- var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue
- str+=' <a href="news:'+url+'">'+url+'</a> \n'
- break;
- case "MAILTO" :
- var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
- str+=' <a href="mailto:'+url+'">'+url+'</a> \n'
- break;
- case "UL" :
- str+="<ul>\n" + ProcessNode(child) + "\n</ul>\n"
- break;
- case "LI" :
- str+="<li> " + ProcessNode(child) + "</li> \n"
- break;
- case "CODE" :
- str+="</p>\n<pre>"+nde.childNodes[i].firstChild.nodeValue.replace('\r',"<BR> ")+"</pre> \n<p> \n"
- break;
- case "ICODE" :
- str+="<code>"+nde.childNodes[i].firstChild.nodeValue+"</code>\n"
- break;
- default:
- document.write(nde.childNodes[i].nodeName+'<br> \n')
- str+=nde.childNodes[i].nodeValue;
- break;
- }
- }
- return str += "";
- }
-
-
-function ProcessResource(nde) {
- var str="<ul class='linkList'>", child;
- for (var i = 0; i < nde.childNodes.length; i++) {
- child = nde.childNodes[i];
- switch (child.nodeName) {
- case "#text" :
- if(/[a-zA-Z]/.test(child.nodeValue))
- str += '<li>' + child.nodeValue + '</li>\n';
- break;
- case "URL" :
- str+='<li>' + makeLink(child) + '</li>\n';
- break;
- case "NEWSGROUP" :
- var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue;
- str += '<li><a href="news:'+url+'">' + url + '</a></li> \n';
- break;
-
- }
- }
- return str + "</ul>";
-}
-
- function checkUrl(url,node) {
- url=url.split('#')[0]
- if (CheckUrls) {
- if (url.indexOf('http://')==0) {
- xmlhttp.Open("get",url,false)
- try {
- xmlhttp.Send()
- } catch (e) { WScript.Echo(url);return ""; }
- stat=xmlhttp.status
- node.attributes.getNamedItem("status").nodeValue=stat
- if (stat==200) {
- source=xmlhttp.responseText
- if (url.indexOf('microsoft')!=-1 && source.indexOf('Page Cannot')!=-1) {
- //Ugly hack 'cos MSDN don't understand HTTP.
- stat=404
- node.attributes.getNamedItem("status").nodeValue=stat
- return ' class="nolink" '
- }
- contentlength=source.length
-// oldhash=node.attributes.getNamedItem("hash").nodeValue
-// hash=mu.MD5(source,"faq")
-// node.attributes.getNamedItem("hash").nodeValue=hash
- classstr=""
-// if (oldhash!=hash) classstr=' class="updated"'
- lm=xmlhttp.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified")
- return classstr+' title="'+lm+'" '
- } else {
- xmlhttp.Open("get","http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:"+url,false)
- xmlhttp.Send()
- if (xmlhttp.responseText.indexOf('did not match any documents')==-1) {
- return ' class="nolink"> \n<small> \n<a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:'+url+'>(Googles cached copy)</a> \n<small'
- }
- return ' class="nolink" '
- }
- } else {
- return ""
- }
- } else {
- return ""
- }
-
- }
-</SCRIPT>
-</job>
Index: trunk/cljs/backup/index.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/cljs/backup/index.html (nonexistent)
+++ trunk/cljs/backup/index.html (revision 6)
@@ -0,0 +1,2110 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<meta name="DCTERMS.language" scheme="RFC1766" content="en">
+<meta name="DC.title" content="comp.lang.javascript Frequently Asked Questions">
+<meta name="DCTERMS.subject" content="Frequently asked questions in the Usenet newsgroup comp.lang.javascript">
+<meta name="DC.format" content="text/html">
+<meta name="DC.type" content="Text">
+<meta name="DC.creator" content="Jim Ley">
+<meta name="DC.publisher" content="Garrett Smith">
+<META name="DC.Publisher.Address" content="dhtmlkitchen@gmail.com">
+<meta name="DCTERMS.modified" content="2010-10-08">
+<meta name="DCTERMS.audience" content="Programmers, web developers">
+<meta name="DC.description" content="Javascript Frequently Asked Questions">
+<meta name="DC.identifier" content="http://jibbering.com/faq">
+<meta name="DC.source" content="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">
+<meta name="DC.source" content="news:comp.lang.javascript">
+<meta name="DC.source" content="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript">
+<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hbxc2t98%28VS.85%29.aspx">
+<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050%28VS.85%29.aspx">
+<meta name="DC.rights" content="copyright contributors, comp.lang.javascript">
+<link rel="StyleSheet" href="faq.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
+<title> comp.lang.javascript FAQ</title>
+</head>
+ <body>
+<h1> comp.lang.javascript FAQ</h1>
+<p>Version 32.2, Updated 2010-10-08, by Garrett Smith</p><div id="nav"><a href="notes/">FAQ Notes</a></div>
+<ul id='faqList'>
+<li>1 <a href='#meta'>Meta-FAQ meta-questions</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>1.1 <a href='#newsgroups'>Which newsgroups deal with javascript?</a></li>
+<li>1.2 <a href='#appropriateQuestions'>What questions are on-topic for comp.lang.javascript?</a></li>
+<li>1.3 <a href='#posting'>What should I do before posting to comp.lang.javascript?</a></li>
+<li>1.4 <a href='#noAnswer'>Why was my post not answered?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>2 <a href='#tips'>Language Overview</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>2.1 <a href='#ecma'>What is ECMAScript?</a></li>
+<li>2.2 <a href='#jScript'>What is JScript?</a></li>
+<li>2.3 <a href='#dom'>What is the Document Object Model (DOM)?</a></li>
+<li>2.4 <a href='#localization'>Internationalisation and Localisation in javascript</a></li>
+<li>2.5 <a href='#futureEcmaScript'>What does the future hold for ECMAScript?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>3 <a href='#ecmascriptResources'>Javascript Resources</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>3.1 <a href='#books'>What books are recommended for javascript?</a></li>
+<li>3.2 <a href='#onlineResources'>What online resources are available?</a></li>
+<li>3.3 <a href='#libraryResources'>Javascript Libraries</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>4 <a href='#functions'>Functions</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>4.1 <a href='#scope'>What is (function(){ /.../ })() ?</a></li>
+<li>4.2 <a href='#functionStatement'>What is a function statement?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>5 <a href='#dates'>Dates</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>5.1 <a href='#formatDate'>How do I format a Date object with javascript?</a></li>
+<li>5.2 <a href='#parseDate'>How can I create a Date object from a String?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>6 <a href='#numbers'>Numbers</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>6.1 <a href='#formatNumber'>How do I format a Number as a String with exactly 2 decimal places?</a></li>
+<li>6.2 <a href='#binaryNumbers'>Why does simple decimal arithmetic give strange results?</a></li>
+<li>6.3 <a href='#parseIntBase'>Why does K = parseInt('09') set K to 0?</a></li>
+<li>6.4 <a href='#typeConvert'>Why does 1+1 equal 11? or How do I convert a string to a number?</a></li>
+<li>6.5 <a href='#randomNumber'>How do I generate a random integer from 1 to n?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>7 <a href='#objects'>Objects</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>7.1 <a href='#nativeObject'>What is a native object?</a></li>
+<li>7.2 <a href='#builtInObject'>What is a built-in object?</a></li>
+<li>7.3 <a href='#hostObject'>What is a host object?</a></li>
+<li>7.4 <a href='#eval'>When should I use eval?</a></li>
+<li>7.5 <a href='#propertyAccessAgain'>How do I access a property of an object using a string?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>8 <a href='#strings'>Strings and RegExp</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>8.1 <a href='#trimString'>How do I trim whitespace?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>9 <a href='#domRef'>DOM and Forms</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>9.1 <a href='#formControlAccess'>How do I get the value of a form control?</a></li>
+<li>9.2 <a href='#propertyAccess'>My element is named myselect[], how do I access it?</a></li>
+<li>9.3 <a href='#globalPollution'>Why doesn't the global variable "divId" always refer to the element with id="divId"?</a></li>
+<li>9.4 <a href='#updateContent'>How do I modify the content of the current page?</a></li>
+<li>9.5 <a href='#accessElementBeforeDefined'>Why does my code fail to access an element?</a></li>
+<li>9.6 <a href='#testCookie'>How can I see in javascript if a web browser accepts cookies?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>10 <a href='#windows'>Windows and Frames</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>10.1 <a href='#disableBackButton'>How can I disable the back button in a web browser?</a></li>
+<li>10.2 <a href='#frameRef'>How do I access a frame's content?</a></li>
+<li>10.3 <a href='#getWindowSize'>How do I find the size of the window?</a></li>
+<li>10.4 <a href='#isWindowOpen'>How do I check to see if a child window is open, before opening another?</a></li>
+<li>10.5 <a href='#printFrame'>Why does framename.print() not print the correct frame in IE?</a></li>
+<li>10.6 <a href='#windowClose'>How do I close a window and why does it not work on the first one?</a></li>
+<li>10.7 <a href='#permissionDenied'>Why do I get permission denied when accessing a frame/window?</a></li>
+<li>10.8 <a href='#setTimeout'>How do I make a 10 second delay?</a></li>
+<li>10.9 <a href='#printSettings'>How do I change print settings for window.print()?</a></li>
+<li>10.10 <a href='#changeBrowserDialog'>How do I change the confirm box to say yes/no or default to cancel?</a></li>
+<li>10.11 <a href='#fileDownload'>How do I prompt a "Save As" dialog for an accepted mime type?</a></li>
+<li>10.12 <a href='#modifyChrome'>How do I modify the current browser window?</a></li>
+<li>10.13 <a href='#target'>How do I POST a form to a new window?</a></li>
+<li>10.14 <a href='#openWindow'>How do I open a new window with javascript?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>11 <a href='#ajaxRef'>Ajax and Server Communication</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>11.1 <a href='#ajax'>What is Ajax?</a></li>
+<li>11.2 <a href='#downloadPage'>How do I download a page to a variable?</a></li>
+<li>11.3 <a href='#getServerVariable'>How do I get a jsp/php variable into client-side javascript?</a></li>
+<li>11.4 <a href='#sessionExpired'>How do I log-out a user when they leave my site?</a></li>
+<li>11.5 <a href='#runServerScript'>How do I run a server side script?</a></li>
+<li>11.6 <a href='#noCache'>How do I force a reload from the server/prevent caching?</a></li>
+<li>11.7 <a href='#ajaxCache'>Why is my Ajax page not updated properly when using an HTTP GET request in Internet Explorer?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>12 <a href='#debugging'>Debugging</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>12.1 <a href='#javascriptErrors'>How do I get my browser to report javascript errors?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>13 <a href='#doNotTry'>Things not to attempt in a browser</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>13.1 <a href='#detectBrowser'>How do I detect Opera/Safari/IE?</a></li>
+<li>13.2 <a href='#preventAccess'>How can I prevent access to a web page by using javascript?</a></li>
+<li>13.3 <a href='#hideSource'>How do I protect my javascript code?</a></li>
+<li>13.4 <a href='#disableRightClick'>How do I suppress a context menu (right-click menu)?</a></li>
+<li>13.5 <a href='#readFile'>How can I access the client-side filesystem?</a></li>
+<li>13.6 <a href='#javascriptURI'>I have <a href="javascript:somefunction()"> what ... ?</a></li>
+</ul></li><li>14 <a href='#comments'>Comments and Suggestions</a>
+
+<ul>
+<li>14.1 <a href='#FAQENTRY'>Why do some posts have <FAQENTRY> in them?</a></li>
+<li>14.2 <a href='#makeSuggestion'>How do I make a suggestion?</a></li>
+</ul></li></ul><div id='meta' class='section'><h2 id='FAQ1'>1 Meta-FAQ meta-questions</h2>
+<p>
+
+This is the <em>comp.lang.javascript</em> meta-FAQ, 32.2. The latest
+version is available at <a href="http://jibbering.com/faq/" >http://jibbering.com/faq/</a> in HTML form.
+</p> <p>
+
+Each day, one section of the FAQ is posted for review and questions,
+and as a reminder that the FAQ is available.
+</p> <p>
+
+For additional explanation and detail relating to some aspects
+of the FAQ, please see the
+<a href="notes/" >FAQ Notes</a>.
+It has been provided separately to avoid increasing the size of
+the FAQ to a point where it would be unreasonable to post it to
+the group.
+</p> <p>
+
+Code examples in this FAQ use <a href="http://jsdoctoolkit.org/" >JSDoc Toolkit</a> comments.
+</p> </div><div id='newsgroups' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_1'>1.1 Which newsgroups deal with javascript?</h3><p>
+
+The official Big 8 Usenet newsgroup dealing with javascript is
+ <a href="news:comp.lang.javascript">comp.lang.javascript</a>.
+Some "language" hierarchies also have *.comp.lang.javascript groups.
+ </p> <p>
+
+c.l.js is an unmoderated newsgroup.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='appropriateQuestions' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_2'>1.2 What questions are on-topic for comp.lang.javascript?</h3><p>
+
+The comp.lang.javascript newsgroup deals with ECMAScript
+languages, so any questions about JavaScript or JScript are
+welcome. However, the majority of questions sent to this group
+relates to javascript in a web browser. If you are experiencing
+issues with a particular browser, or the host is not a browser
+at all, please make this information clear.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Javascript and Java are two completely different languages.
+Java questions should be asked in one of the comp.lang.java.*
+newsgroups; they are not appropriate for c.l.js (as Java and
+javascript are distinct programming languages with only
+superficial similarities due to sharing a C-like syntax and
+some of the characters in their names).
+ </p> <p>
+
+Questions dealing with other scripting languages, such as
+VBScript, PerlScript or CGI scripting are also off-topic,
+as are HTML-only or CSS-only questions.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Questions that are specific to Microsoft's JScript may also
+be appropriately asked at:
+ <a href="news:microsoft.public.scripting.jscript">microsoft.public.scripting.jscript</a></p> <p>
+
+The comp.lang.javascript newsgroup charter is included in
+<a href="faq_notes/cljs_charter.html" >faq_notes/cljs_charter.html</a>.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='posting' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_3'>1.3 What should I do before posting to comp.lang.javascript?</h3><p>
+
+Before posting to c.l.js, you should read this document.
+You should also check the <a href="#onlineResources" >Resources section</a>.
+ </p>
+<h4 id='ask'>How to Ask a Question</h4>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+State your question clearly and concisely.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Use the Subject: line to show the type of problem you have but
+include the question in the body as well.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+For a more detailed explanation of formatting, see
+ <a href="notes/posting/" >"Posting Questions and Replies to comp.lang.javascript"</a>.
+ </li></ul>
+<h4 id='reply'>Replying</h4>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+Quote only relevant parts of earlier messages, and add your
+comments below each quoted section
+(<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1855.txt" >FYI28/RFC1855</a>).
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Link to specific sections of the FAQ that are relevant.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Avoid being unnecessarily rude, but do not complain about other rude posts.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Don't quote signatures.
+ </li></ul>
+<h4 id='postCode'>Posting Code</h4>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+Remove everything that does not contribute to the problem (images,
+markup, other scripts, etc).
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Validate the HTML and CSS <a href="http://validator.w3.org/" >http://validator.w3.org/</a>, <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/" >http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/</a>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Make sure the code is executable as transmitted.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Format lines to 72 characters; indent with 2-4 spaces (not tabs).
+ </li>
+ <li>
+State what you expect the code to do.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Mention the platforms, browsers, and versions.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+See also the <a href="#debugging" >FAQ section on debugging</a>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Post in plain-text only. Do not encode it. Do not attach files.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+If the code is more than about 100 lines, provide a URL in addition.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Do not multi-post; cross-post if necessary
+(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-post" >Wikipedia description</a>).
+ </li></ul>
+<h4 id='doNotPost'>What Not to Post</h4>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+Do not post job postings. Job postings should go to
+an appropriate regional jobs group.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+Do not post copyright material without permission
+from the copyright holder.
+ </li></ul><p>
+
+Relevant announcements are welcome, but no more often than once
+per major release, as a short link to the product's webpage.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='noAnswer' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_4'>1.4 Why was my post not answered?</h3><p>
+
+This could be for several reasons:
+ </p>
+<ul> <li>
+It was a variation of a frequently asked question and was
+therefore ignored by everyone.
+ </li>
+<li>
+Nobody knows the answer.
+ </li>
+<li>
+The person with the answer has not seen the post.
+ </li>
+<li>
+It might not be possible to do what you want to do but perhaps
+readers of c.l.js are reluctant to answer your post in the negative
+when they are not convinced that it cannot be done.
+ </li>
+<li>
+The question was not asked clearly enough, or did not included
+enough information to be answered.
+ </li>
+<li>
+The questioner did not realise the need to read the group, for a
+few days, to see the answers posted there.
+ </li>
+<li> You ignored the <a href="#posting" >section on posting</a> </li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+If it is not one of these, then after a few days consider
+reposting after checking <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/topics" >http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/topics</a>
+for replies. Make sure the post is phrased well, and everything
+needed to answer is correct, and the subject is appropriate.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='tips' class='section'><h2 id='FAQ2'>2 Language Overview</h2>
+</div><div id='ecma' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_6'>2.1 What is ECMAScript?</h3><p>
+ <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm" >ECMA-262</a>
+is the international standard that current language implementations
+(JavaScript™, JScript etc.) are based on.
+
+ </p> <p>
+ <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm" >ECMA-262</a>
+defines the language Syntax, Types, Keywords, Operators, and built-in
+objects. The ECMAScript specification is the reference to determine the
+expected behavior of a program. ECMAScript does not define any host
+objects, such as <code>document</code>, <code>window</code>, or <code>ActiveXObject</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMA-327 defines the Compact Profile of ECMAScript by
+describing the features from ECMA 262 that may be omitted in some
+resource-constrained environments.
+<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-327.htm" >http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-327.htm</a></p> <p>
+
+The most widely supported edition of ECMA-262 is the 3rd edition (1999).
+There is fair support for this edition in JScript 5.5+ (buggy) and good
+support JavaScript 1.5.
+</p> <p>
+
+The term "javascript" is used as a common name for all dialects of ECMAScript.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='jScript' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_7'>2.2 What is JScript?</h3><p>
+
+JScript is Microsoft's implementation of ECMAScript.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Questions that are specific to Microsoft's JScript may also
+be appropriately asked at:
+ <a href="news:microsoft.public.scripting.jscript">microsoft.public.scripting.jscript</a>.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='dom' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_9'>2.3 What is the Document Object Model (DOM)?</h3><p>
+
+The
+<dfn>Document Object Model</dfn> (DOM) is a interface-based model for <code>Document</code>
+objects. The DOM allows scripts to dynamically access and update a
+document's content, style, and event handlers.
+</p> <p>
+
+The DOM is <em>not</em> part of the ECMAScript programming language.
+</p> <p>
+
+Official DOM standards are defined by the World Wide Web Consortium.
+Scriptable browsers also have
+<dfn>proprietary</dfn> DOM features (<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050(VS.85).aspx" >MSDN</a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM_Client_Object_Cross-Reference" >MDC</a>),
+such as <code>document.writeln()</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Also see the section on <a href="#domRef" >DOM and Forms</a>.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="#onlineResources" >c.l.js DOM Resources</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/DOM/faq.html" >W3C DOM FAQ</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/DOM/" >W3C DOM </a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Gecko_DOM_Reference/Introduction#What_is_the_DOM.3F" >MDC: What is the DOM?</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='localization' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_10'>2.4 Internationalisation and Localisation in javascript</h3><p>
+
+<dfn>Internationalisation</dfn> means using one form which is everywhere both
+acceptable and understood. Any international standard not supported by
+default can be coded for.
+ </p> <p>
+
+For example, there is an International Standard for numeric Gregorian
+date format; but none for decimal and thousands separators.
+ </p> <p>
+
+<dfn>Localisation</dfn> is the process of adapting software for a specific region
+or language by adding locale-specific components and translating text. It
+cannot work well in general, because it requires a knowledge of all
+preferences and the ability to choose the right one, in an environment
+where many systems are inappropriately set anyway.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMAScript has a few
+<dfn>localisation</dfn> features. The various
+<code>toString()</code> methods are all implementation dependent,
+but tend to use either UK or US settings (not necessarily correctly).
+ECMAScript Ed. 3 introduced some capabilities, including the
+<code>toLocaleString()</code>method which should create a string
+based on the host's locale.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMAScript 5th Edition introduces limited ISO 8601 capabilities with
+<code>Date.prototype.toISOString()</code> and new behavior for <code>Date.parse()</code>.
+</p> </div>
+<div id='futureEcmaScript' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_12'>2.5 What does the future hold for ECMAScript?</h3><p>
+
+The 5th edition of ECMAScript was approved on 2009-12-04. There is some
+support in implementations released before approval date (JScript 5.8,
+JavaScript 1.8, JavaScriptCore).
+http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm" >http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='ecmascriptResources' class='section'><h2 id='FAQ3'>3 Javascript Resources</h2>
+</div><div id='books' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ3_1'>3.1 What books are recommended for javascript?</h3><p>
+
+Most javascript books have been found to contain so many technical
+errors that consensus recommendations have not emerged from the group.
+ </p> <p>
+
+The following books have been considered to have value by some
+individuals on c.l.js. The reviews of these books are provided:
+ </p>
+<ul>
+ <li> <em>"JavaScript: The Definitive Guide,"</em> 5th Edition, by David Flanagan
+
+<ul> <li> Published: 2006-08 </li>
+<li> Pages: 1018 </li>
+<li> Errata: <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596101992/errata/" >http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596101992/errata/</a> </li>
+<li> Discussed in:
+
+<ul> <li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/7283898f77fd2a66/9252aa024e058dea#c5f145ae807c918e" >FAQ Update 9.85 Dated 2007-08-31</a> </li>
+</ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+ </li>
+ <li> <em>"JavaScript, The Good Parts,"</em> 1st Edition, by Douglas Crockford
+
+<ul> <li> Published: 2008-05 </li>
+<li> Pages: 170 </li>
+<li> Errata: <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596517748/errata/" >http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596517748/errata/</a> </li>
+<li> Discussed in:
+
+<ul> <li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/d084d2109f7b4ec7#" >Crockford's 'The Good Parts': a short review</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/db1e49ab113aa05c/3987eac87ad27966#3987eac87ad27966" >FunctionExpression's and memory consumptions</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/6a41f7835ee728de/da5ccfc65e2df64a#da5ccfc65e2df64a" >FAQ Topic - What books are recommended for javascript? (2008-12-02)</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/3a08fb741525ab6d/" >Augmenting functions</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/bf26be6e63494ee2/acb733a1c35f6ce5#ee9e4ee29e658d5d" >Crockford's JavaScript, The Good Parts (a book review).</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/df602506ee48b400/e65e00f5cad07676#e65e00f5cad07676" >Closures Explained</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_thread/thread/acadf1b22b219433/4f69a95607d0b3ae#4f69a95607d0b3ae" >Javascript library development</a> </li>
+</ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+ </li></ul></div>
+<div id='onlineResources' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ3_2'>3.2 What online resources are available?</h3>
+<h4 id='ecmaResources'>ECMAScript</h4>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>
+The Official ECMAScript Specification
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="[ECMA-262] http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262-arch.htm" >[ECMA-262] http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262-arch.htm</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+[ISO16262] ISO/IEC 16262, Second Edition 2002-06-01 : ISO Standard matching
+ECMA-262 3rd Edition, with corrections.
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c033835_ISO_IEC_16262_2002(E).zip" >http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c033835_ISO_IEC_16262_2002(E).zip</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+ [MS-ES3]: Internet Explorer ECMA-262 ECMAScript Language Specification Standards Support
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff520996%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff520996%28VS.85%29.aspx</a> </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="res/%5BMS-ES3%5D.pdf" >res/%5BMS-ES3%5D.pdf</a> (local alias) </dd>
+ <dt>
+ [MS-ES3EX]: Microsoft JScript Extensions to the ECMAScript Language Specification Third Edition
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff521046%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff521046%28VS.85%29.aspx</a> </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="res/%5BMS-ES3EX%5D.pdf" >res/%5BMS-ES3EX%5D.pdf</a> (local alias) </dd>
+ <dt> ECMAScript on Wikipedia
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript" >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript</a> </dd></dl>
+<h4 id='domResources'>W3C DOM</h4>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>
+DOM Level 1 ECMAScript Binding
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/ecma-script-language-binding.html" >http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/ecma-script-language-binding.html</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+DOM Level 2 ECMAScript Binding
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-HTML/ecma-script-binding.html" >http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-HTML/ecma-script-binding.html</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+DOM Level 2 Events
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/events.html" >http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/events.html</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+DOM Level 2 Style
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Style/" >http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Style/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+DOM Level 3 ECMAScript Binding
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/ecma-script-binding.html" >http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/ecma-script-binding.html</a> </dd></dl>
+<h4 id='browserResources'>Browser Documentation</h4>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>
+Mozilla
+ </dt>
+ <dd> JavaScript:
+<a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/JavaScript" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/JavaScript</a> </dd>
+ <dd> Gecko DOM Reference:
+<a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Gecko_DOM_Reference" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Gecko_DOM_Reference</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Microsoft
+ </dt>
+ <dd> HTML and DHTML Reference:
+<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050.aspx</a> </dd>
+ <dd> JScript Language Reference:
+<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hbxc2t98%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hbxc2t98%28VS.85%29.aspx</a> </dd>
+ <dd> Scripting:
+<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms950396.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms950396.aspx</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Opera
+ </dt>
+ <dd> Web Specifications Support:
+<a href="http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/#ecmascript" >http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/#ecmascript</a> </dd>
+ <dd> JavaScript Support:
+<a href="http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/js/" >http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/js/</a> </dd>
+ <dd> ECMAScript Support:
+<a href="http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/js/ecma" >http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/js/ecma</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+BlackBerry JavaScript Reference
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://docs.blackberry.com/en/developers/deliverables/11849/" >http://docs.blackberry.com/en/developers/deliverables/11849/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+ICab InScript
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.muchsoft.com/inscript/" >http://www.muchsoft.com/inscript/</a> </dd>
+ <dt> Apple Safari </dt>
+ <dd> Web Content Guide:
+<a href="http://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/Introduction/Introduction.html" >http://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/Introduction/Introduction.html</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Webkit
+ </dt>
+ <dd> Project Site: <a href="http://webkit.org/" >http://webkit.org/</a> </dd>
+ <dd>
+ Wiki: <a href="http://trac.webkit.org/wiki" >http://trac.webkit.org/wiki</a> </dd>
+ <dd> DOM Reference:
+<a href="http://developer.apple.com/Mac/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/WebKitDOMRef/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006089" >http://developer.apple.com/Mac/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/WebKitDOMRef/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006089</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Netscape 4 Client-Side JavaScript Reference
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Archived documentation for MSIE 3.x
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://members.tripod.com/%7Ehousten/download/" >http://members.tripod.com/%7Ehousten/download/</a> </dd></dl>
+<h4 id='standaloneImplementations'>Standalone ECMAScript Implementations</h4>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>
+Rhino: An open-source implementation of JavaScript written in Java
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/" >http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Besen IDE: ECMAScript Edition 5 with IDE
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://besen.sourceforge.net/" >http://besen.sourceforge.net/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+V8: Google's open source JavaScript engine
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://code.google.com/p/v8/" >http://code.google.com/p/v8/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+SpiderMonkey: Mozilla's C implementation of JavaScript
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/js/spidermonkey/" >http://www.mozilla.org/js/spidermonkey/</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Digital Mars DMD Script, console and MS Active Script implementation of ECMAScript
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/dscript/" >http://www.digitalmars.com/dscript/</a> </dd></dl>
+<h4 id='nonBrowserResources'>Other ECMAScript Implementations</h4>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>
+Developing Dashboard Widgets: Apple Developer Connection
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://developer.apple.com/macosx/dashboard.html" >http://developer.apple.com/macosx/dashboard.html</a> </dd>
+ <dt>
+Whitebeam Apache Module: Server Side JavaScript in Apache
+ </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.whitebeam.org/" >http://www.whitebeam.org/</a> </dd></dl></div>
+<div id='libraryResources' class='section'><h3>3.3 Javascript Libraries</h3><p>
+
+No javascript libraries are endorsed by this group. If you want help
+with using a library, visit that library's discussion group instead.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='functions' class='section'><h2>4 Functions</h2>
+</div><div id='scope' class='section'><h3>4.1 What is (function(){ /.../ })() ?</h3><p>
+
+This is an anonymous
+<dfn>FunctionExpression</dfn> that is called
+immediately after creation.
+</p> <p>
+
+Variables declared inside a function are not accessible from
+outside the function. This can be useful, for example, to hide
+implementation details or to avoid polluting the global scope.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://yura.thinkweb2.com/named-function-expressions/" >http://yura.thinkweb2.com/named-function-expressions/</a></li>
+<li><a href="notes/closures/" >notes/closures/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/ecmascript/chapter-5-functions/#question-about-surrounding-parentheses" >http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/ecmascript/chapter-5-functions/#question-about-surrounding-parentheses</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='functionStatement' class='section'><h3>4.2 What is a function statement?</h3><p>
+
+The term
+<dfn>function statement</dfn> has been widely and wrongly used to
+describe a <code>FunctionDeclaration</code>. This is misleading because in ECMAScript,
+a <code>FunctionDeclaration</code> is not a
+<dfn>Statement</dfn>; there are places in a program
+where a
+<dfn>Statement</dfn> is permitted but a <code>FunctionDeclaration</code> is not. To add
+to this confusion, some implementations, notably Mozillas', provide a
+syntax extension called
+<dfn>function statement</dfn>. This is allowed under
+section 16 of ECMA-262, Editions 3 and 5.
+</p> <p>
+
+Example of nonstandard
+<dfn>function statement</dfn>:
+</p>
+<pre>
+// Nonstandard syntax, found in GMail source code. DO NOT USE.
+try {
+ // FunctionDeclaration not allowed in Block.
+ function Fze(b,a){return b.unselectable=a}
+ /.../
+} catch(e) { _DumpException(e) }
+</pre>
+ <p>
+
+Code that uses
+<dfn>function statement</dfn> has three known interpretations. Some
+implementations process <code>Fze</code> as a
+<dfn>Statement</dfn>, in order. Others, including
+JScript, evaluate <code>Fze</code> upon entering the execution context that it
+appears in. Yet others, notably DMDScript and default configuration of BESEN,
+throw a <code>SyntaxError</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+For consistent behavior across implementations, <em>do not use function
+statement</em>; use either <code>FunctionExpression</code> or <code>FunctionDeclaration</code> instead.
+</p> <p>
+
+Example of <code>FunctionExpression</code> (valid):
+</p>
+<pre>
+var Fze;
+try {
+ Fze = function(b,a){return b.unselectable=a};
+ /.../
+} catch(e) { _DumpException(e) }
+</pre>
+<p>
+Example of <code>FunctionDeclaration</code> (valid):
+</p>
+<pre>
+// Program code
+function aa(b,a){return b.unselectable=a}
+</pre>
+ <p>
+ <!--
+Notable examples of the misuse of the term "function statement"
+can be seen in David Flanagan's "JavaScript: The Definitive Guide",
+Douglas Crockford's "JavaScript: The Good Parts", MDC documentation,
+JSLint error messages.
+--></p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="example/functionStatement.html" >example/functionStatement.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/es-discuss/2008-February/005314.html" >https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/es-discuss/2008-February/005314.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/msg/aa9a32d0c6ae0342" >http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/msg/aa9a32d0c6ae0342</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/msg/3987eac87ad27966" >http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/msg/3987eac87ad27966</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://nanto.asablo.jp/blog/2005/12/10/172622" >http://nanto.asablo.jp/blog/2005/12/10/172622</a></li>
+<li> (Article in Japanese)
+</li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='dates' class='section'><h2>5 Dates</h2>
+<p>
+
+ISO 8601 defines date and time formats. Some benefits include:
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li> language-independent and unambiguous world-wide </li>
+ <li> sortable with a trivial string comparison </li>
+ <li> easily readable and writable by software </li>
+ <li> compatible with standards ISO 9075 and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt" >rfc 3339</a> </li></ul><p>
+
+The ISO Extended format for common date is <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>, and for time is
+<code>hh:mm:ss</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+For an event with an offset from UTC, use <code>YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss±hh:mm</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+Never use a local date/time format for a non-local event. Instead, use
+UTC, as in <code>YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ</code> (<code>Z</code> is the only letter suffix).
+</p> <p>
+
+The <code>T</code> can be omitted where that would not cause ambiguity. For
+rfc 3339 compliance, it may be replaced by a space and for SQL,
+it <em>must</em> be replaced by a single space.
+</p> <p>
+
+Year <code>0000</code> is unrecognized by some formats (XML Schema, <code>xs:date</code>).
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="#onlineResources" >ECMA-262 Date.prototype, s. 15.9</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html" >A summary of the international standard date and time notation, by Markus Kuhn</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601</a></li>
+<li><a href="res/ISO_8601-2004_E.pdf" >ISO 8601:2004(E)</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/QA/Tips/iso-date" >W3C QA Tip: Use international date format (ISO)</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt" >RFC 3339, Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps
+</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime" >http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime</a></li>
+</ul> </div><div id='formatDate' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_30'>5.1 How do I format a Date object with javascript?</h3><p>
+
+A local <code>Date</code> object where <code>0 <= year <= 9999</code> can be
+formatted to a common ISO 8601 format <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> with:-
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ /** Formats a Date to YYYY-MM-DD (local time), compatible with both
+ * ISO 8601 and ISO/IEC 9075-2:2003 (E) (SQL 'date' type).
+ * @param {Date} dateInRange year 0000 to 9999.
+ * @throws {RangeError} if the year is not in range
+ */
+ function formatDate(dateInRange) {
+ var year = dateInRange.getFullYear(),
+ isInRange = year >= 0 && year <= 9999, yyyy, mm, dd;
+ if(!isInRange) {
+ throw RangeError("formatDate: year must be 0000-9999");
+ }
+ yyyy = ("000" + year).slice(-4);
+ mm = ("0" + (dateInRange.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2);
+ dd = ("0" + (dateInRange.getDate())).slice(-2);
+ return yyyy + "-" + mm + "-" + dd;
+ }
+ </pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-date9.htm" >http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-date9.htm</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='parseDate' class='section'><h3>5.2 How can I create a Date object from a String?</h3><p>
+
+An Extended ISO 8601 local Date format <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> can be parsed to a
+Date with the following:-
+</p>
+<pre>
+ /**Parses string formatted as YYYY-MM-DD to a Date object.
+ * If the supplied string does not match the format, an
+ * invalid Date (value NaN) is returned.
+ * @param {string} dateStringInRange format YYYY-MM-DD, with year in
+ * range of 0000-9999, inclusive.
+ * @return {Date} Date object representing the string.
+ */
+ function parseISO8601(dateStringInRange) {
+ var isoExp = /^\s(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)\s$/,
+ date = new Date(NaN), month,
+ parts = isoExp.exec(dateStringInRange);
+
+ if(parts) {
+ month = +parts[2];
+ date.setFullYear(parts[1], month - 1, parts[3]);
+ if(month != date.getMonth() + 1) {
+ date.setTime(NaN);
+ }
+ }
+ return date;
+ }</pre>
+ </div>
+<div id='numbers' class='section'><h2>6 Numbers</h2>
+</div><div id='formatNumber' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_6'>6.1 How do I format a Number as a String with exactly 2 decimal places?</h3><p>
+
+When formatting money for example, to format 6.57634 to 6.58, 6.7 to
+6.50, and 6 to 6.00?
+ </p> <p>
+
+Rounding of x.xx5 is unreliable, as most numbers are not represented
+exactly. See also:
+<a href="#binaryNumbers" >Why does simple decimal arithmetic give strange results?</a></p> <p>
+
+The statement <code>n = Math.round(n * 100)/100</code> converts <code>n</code> to a <code>Number</code> value
+close to a multiple of <code>0.01</code>. However, there are some problems.
+Converting the number to a string <code>(n + "")</code>, does not give
+trailing zeroes. Rounding numbers that are very close to <code>x.5</code>, for example,
+<code>Math.round(0.49999999999999992)</code> results <code>1</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMA-262 3rd Edition introduced <code>Number.prototype.toFixed</code>.
+There are bugs in JScript 5.8 and below with certain numbers, for example
+<code>0.007.toFixed(2)</code> incorrectly results <code>0.00</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+ </p>
+<pre>
+var numberToFixed =
+(function() {
+ return toFixedString;
+
+ function toFixedString(n, digits) {
+ var unsigned = toUnsignedString(Math.abs(n), digits);
+ return (n < 0 ? "-" : "") + unsigned;
+ }
+
+ function toUnsignedString(m, digits) {
+ var t, s = Math.round(m * Math.pow(10, digits)) + "",
+ start, end;
+ if (/\D/.test(s)) {
+ return "" + m;
+ }
+ s = padLeft(s, 1 + digits, "0");
+ start = s.substring(0, t = (s.length - digits));
+ end = s.substring(t);
+ if(end) {
+ end = "." + end;
+ }
+ return start + end; // avoid "0."
+ }
+ /**
+ * @param {string} input: input value converted to string.
+ * @param {number} size: desired length of output.
+ * @param {string} ch: single character to prefix to s.
+ */
+ function padLeft(input, size, ch) {
+ var s = input + "";
+ while(s.length < size) {
+ s = ch + s;
+ }
+ return s;
+ }
+})();
+
+// Test results
+document.writeln([
+ "numberToFixed(9e-3, 12) => " + numberToFixed(9e-3, 12),
+ "numberToFixed(1.255, 2) => " + numberToFixed(1.255, 2),
+ "numberToFixed(1.355, 2) => " + numberToFixed(1.355, 2),
+ "numberToFixed(0.1255, 3) => " + numberToFixed(0.1255, 3),
+ "numberToFixed(0.07, 2) => " + numberToFixed(0.07, 2),
+ "numberToFixed(0.0000000006, 1) => " + numberToFixed(0.0000000006, 1),
+ "numberToFixed(0.0000000006, 0) => " + numberToFixed(0.0000000006, 0)
+].join("\n"));
+</pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-round.htm" >http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-round.htm</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sstyff0z%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/sstyff0z%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='binaryNumbers' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_7'>6.2 Why does simple decimal arithmetic give strange results?</h3><p>
+
+For example, <code>5 * 1.015</code> does not give exactly
+<code>5.075</code> and <code>0.06+0.01</code> does
+not give exactly <code>0.07</code> in javascript.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMAScript numbers are represented in binary as IEEE-754 (IEC 559)
+Doubles, with a resolution of 53 bits, giving an accuracy of
+15-16 decimal digits; integers up to just over <code>9e15</code> are
+precise, but few decimal fractions are. Given this, arithmetic
+is as exact as possible, but no more. Operations on integers
+are exact if the true result and all intermediates are integers
+within that range.
+ </p> <p>
+
+In particular, non-integer results should not normally be
+compared for equality; and non-integer computed results
+commonly need rounding; see <a href="#formatNumber" >How do I format a Number as a String with exactly 2 decimal places?</a></p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7wkd9z69%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7wkd9z69%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-misc0.htm#DW4" >http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-misc0.htm#DW4</a></li>
+</ul> <p>
+
+Otherwise, use <code>Math.round</code> on the results of expressions which
+should be of integer value.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='parseIntBase' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_12'>6.3 Why does K = parseInt('09') set K to 0?</h3><p>
+
+Method <code>parseInt</code> generally needs a second parameter, <code>radix</code>,
+for the base (from 2 to 36).
+ </p> <p>
+
+If <code>radix</code> is omitted, the base is determined by the contents of
+the string. Any string beginning with <code>'0x'</code> or <code>'0X'</code> represents a
+hexadecimal number. A string beginning with a leading 0 may be parsed as
+octal (as if <code>raxix</code> were 8), in ECMA-262 Ed 3 (octal digits are <code>0-7</code>).
+If string <code>'09'</code> is converted to <code>0</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+To force use of a particular base, use the <code>radix</code>
+parameter: <code>parseInt("09", base)</code>.
+
+ <!-- [omit]
+ If base 10 is desired,
+ the unary <ICODE>+</ICODE> operator can be an option. Example:
+ <ICODE>
+var s = '-09.1'; // Input string.
+var j = +s; // Convert to number. Result: -9.1
+var n = j\|0; // Chop off decimal (convert ToInt32). Result: -9
+</ICODE>
+ [/omit] --></p> <p>
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Functions/parseInt" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Functions/parseInt</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x53yedee%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/x53yedee%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/toplev.htm#1064173" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/toplev.htm#1064173</a></li>
+<li><a href="notes/type-conversion/#tcPrIntRx" >notes/type-conversion/#tcPrIntRx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='typeConvert' class='section'><h3>6.4 Why does 1+1 equal 11? or How do I convert a string to a number?</h3><p>
+
+Variables are not typed; their values are. The conversion between a
+string and a number happens automatically.
+</p> <p>
+
+The addition operator (<code>+</code>) performs concatenation if either operand is a
+string, thus <code>"1" + 1</code> results <code>"11"</code>. To perform addition, you might need
+to first convert the string to a number. For example <code>+varname</code> or
+<code>Number(varname)</code> or <code>parseInt(varname, 10)</code> or
+<code>parseFloat(varname)</code>. Form control values are strings, as is the result
+from a <code>prompt</code> dialog. Convert these to numbers before performing
+addition: <code>+'1' + 1</code> results <code>2</code>.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li>
+Additional Notes: </li>
+<li><a href="notes/type-conversion/" >notes/type-conversion/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/67defydd%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/67defydd%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='randomNumber' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_22'>6.5 How do I generate a random integer from 1 to n?</h3><p>
+ <code>Math.random()</code> returns a value <code>R</code> such that <code>0 <= R < 1.0</code>; therefore:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ // positive integer expected
+ function getRandomNumber(n) {
+ return Math.floor(n * Math.random());
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+- gives an evenly distributed random integer in the range from
+ <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code> inclusive; use <code>getRandomNumber(n)+1</code> for <code>1</code> to <code>n</code>.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/41336409%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/41336409%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/math.htm" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/math.htm</a></li>
+<li>
+How to Deal and Shuffle, see in: </li>
+<li><a href="http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-randm.htm" >http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/js-randm.htm</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='objects' class='section'><h2>7 Objects</h2>
+</div><div id='nativeObject' class='section'><h3>7.1 What is a native object?</h3><p>
+
+A
+<dfn>native object</dfn> is any object whose semantics are fully defined by
+ECMA-262.
+</p> <p>
+
+Some
+<dfn>native objects</dfn> are
+<dfn>built-in</dfn>; others, such as
+<dfn>user-defined</dfn> objects,
+may be constructed during the execution of an ECMAScript program.
+</p> <p>
+
+Example:
+</p>
+<pre>
+// Native built-in objects:
+var m = Math, // Built-in Math object.
+ slice = Array.prototype.slice, // Built-in native method.
+ o = {}, // Native user-defined object.
+ f = function(){}, // Native user-defined function.
+ d = new Date(),
+ a = [],
+ e = new Error("My Message.");
+ </pre>
+<p>
+See also:
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/ecmascript/chapter-7-2-oop-ecmascript-implementation/" >http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/ecmascript/chapter-7-2-oop-ecmascript-implementation/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='builtInObject' class='section'><h3>7.2 What is a built-in object?</h3><p>
+
+ A
+<dfn>built-in</dfn> object is any object supplied by an ECMAScript
+ implementation, independent of the host environment, that is present
+ at the start of the execution of an ECMAScript program.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ECMA-262 3rd Edition defines the following
+<dfn>built-in</dfn> objects:
+</p>
+<dl id='builtInsList'>
+ <dt> Objects </dt>
+ <dd> <em>global</em>, Math </dd>
+ <dt> Constructors </dt>
+ <dd> Object, Function, Array, String, Boolean, Number, Date, RegExp </dd>
+ <dt> Errors </dt>
+ <dd> Error, Date, EvalError, RangeError, ReferenceError, SyntaxError, TypeError, URIError </dd>
+ <dt> Functions </dt>
+ <dd> eval, parseInt, parseFloat, isNaN, isFinite, decodeURI,
+ decodeURIComponent, encodeURI, encodeURIComponent </dd></dl><p>
+
+ECMA-262 Edition 5 defines also the built-in object <code>JSON</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+Nonstandard
+<dfn>built-in</dfn> objects may include <code>RuntimeObject</code>,
+<code>String.prototype.link</code>, <code>CollectGarbage</code>, and more.
+</p> </div>
+<div id='hostObject' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ2_8'>7.3 What is a host object?</h3><p>
+
+A
+<dfn>host object</dfn> is any object supplied by the host environment to
+complete the execution environment of ECMAScript.
+</p> <p>
+
+A
+<dfn>host object</dfn> is not part of the ECMAScript implementation, but is
+exposed to the ECMAScript implementation.
+</p> <p>
+
+A
+<dfn>host object</dfn> may be implemented as a native ECMAScript object, however
+this is not required. For example, Internet Explorer implements many
+scriptable DOM objects as ActiveX Objects, often resulting in unexpected errors.
+</p> <p>
+
+Availability and behavior of a host object depends on the host environment.
+</p> <p>
+
+For example, in a browser, <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> might be available, with or
+without standard or proprietary features or events. Windows Script Host object model
+has the <code>WScript</code> object available.
+</p> <p>
+
+ For information on a particular host object, consult the pertinent
+ documentation available for the implementation(s). For web browsers,
+ this usually includes the w3c specifications as well as documentation
+ for that browser.
+ See also:
+
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="notes/code-guidelines/#hostObjects" >notes/code-guidelines/#hostObjects</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/feature-detection-state-of-the-art-browser-scripting" >http://peter.michaux.ca/articles/feature-detection-state-of-the-art-browser-scripting</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='eval' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_40'>7.4 When should I use eval?</h3><p>
+
+The <code>eval</code> function should <em>only</em> be used when it is necessary to
+evaluate a string supplied or composed at run-time; the string
+can be anything from a simple (but unpredictable) expression such
+as <code>"12 * 2.54"</code> to a substantial piece of javascript code.
+</p> <p>
+
+When <code>eval( '{"key" : 42}' )</code> is called, <code>{</code> is interpreted as a block of
+code instead of an object literal. Hence, the Grouping Operator (parentheses)
+is used to force <code>eval</code> to interpret the JSON as an object literal:
+<code>eval( '({"key" : 42})' );</code>.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://json.org/" >http://json.org/</a></li>
+<li><a href="#propertyAccessAgain" >How do I access a property of an object using a string?</a></li>
+<li><a href="notes/square-brackets/" >notes/square-brackets/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='propertyAccessAgain' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_39'>7.5 How do I access a property of an object using a string?</h3><p>
+
+There are two ways to access properties: dot notation and square bracket
+notation. What you are looking for is the square bracket notation in
+which the dot, and the identifier to its right, are replaced with a set
+of square brackets containing a string. The value of the string matches
+the identifier. For example:-
+</p>
+<pre>
+ //dot notation
+ var bodyElement = document.body;
+
+ //square bracket notation, using an expression
+ var bodyElement = document["bo"+"dy"];</pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="notes/square-brackets/" >notes/square-brackets/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='strings' class='section'><h2>8 Strings and RegExp</h2>
+</div><div id='trimString' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_16'>8.1 How do I trim whitespace?</h3><p>
+
+ECMAScript 5 defines <code>String.prototype.trim</code>. Where not supported,
+it can be added as a function that uses a
+<dfn>regular expression</dfn>:
+</p>
+<pre>
+if(!String.prototype.trim) {
+ String.prototype.trim = function() {
+ return String(this).replace(/^\s+\|\s+$/g, "");
+ };
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+Implementations are inconsistent with <code>\s</code>. For example,
+some implementations, notably JScript 5.8 and Safari 2, do not match <code>\xA0</code>
+(no-break space), among others.
+ </p> <p>
+
+A more consistent approach would be to create a character class
+that defines the characters to trim.
+ </p> <p>
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://thinkweb2.com/projects/prototype/whitespace-deviations/" >http://thinkweb2.com/projects/prototype/whitespace-deviations/</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Firefox_3.1_for_developers" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Firefox_3.1_for_developers</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/regexp.htm" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/regexp.htm</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6wzad2b2%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6wzad2b2%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_frm/thread/c7010139217600c3/31092c5eb99625d0?#31092c5eb99625d0" >http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/browse_frm/thread/c7010139217600c3/31092c5eb99625d0?#31092c5eb99625d0</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropList.txt" >http://unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropList.txt</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='domRef' class='section'><h2>9 DOM and Forms</h2>
+</div><div id='formControlAccess' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_13'>9.1 How do I get the value of a form control?</h3><p>
+
+In HTML documents, a form may be referred to as a property of the
+<code>document.forms</code> collection, either by its ordinal index or by name
+(if the <code>form</code> has a name). A <code>form</code>'s controls may be similarly referenced
+from its <code>elements</code> collection:
+</p>
+<pre>
+ var frm = document.forms[0];
+ var control = frm.elements["elementname"];
+</pre>
+<p>
+Once a reference to a control is obtained, its (string) <code>value</code>
+property can be read:-
+</p>
+<pre>
+ var value = control.value;
+ value = +control.value; //string to number.
+</pre>
+<p>
+Some exceptions would be:
+</p> <p>
+
+First Exception: Where the control is a <code>SELECT</code> element, and
+support for older browsers, such as NN4, is required:
+</p>
+<pre>
+ var value = control.options[control.selectedIndex].value;
+</pre>
+<p>
+Second Exception: Where several controls share the same name,
+such as radio buttons. These are made available as collections
+and require additional handling. For more information, see:-
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="notes/form-access/" >notes/form-access/</a></li>
+<li><a href="names/" >Unsafe Names for HTML Form Controls</a></li>
+</ul> <p>
+
+Third Exception: File inputs. Most current browsers do not allow
+reading of <code>type="file"</code> input elements in a way that is useful.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='propertyAccess' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_25'>9.2 My element is named myselect[], how do I access it?</h3><p>
+
+Form controls with any "illegal" characters can be accessed with
+<code>formref.elements["myselect[]"]</code> - The bracket characters,
+amongst others, are illegal in ID attributes and javascript
+identifiers, so you should try to avoid them as browsers may
+handle them incorrectly.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537449%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537449%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/form" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/form</a></li>
+<li><a href="notes/form-access/" >notes/form-access/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='globalPollution' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_41'>9.3 Why doesn't the global variable "divId" always refer to the element with id="divId"?</h3><p>
+
+Microsoft introduced a shortcut that can be used to reference
+elements which include an <code>id</code> attribute where the
+<code>id</code> becomes a globally-accessible property. Some browsers reproduce
+this behavior. Some, most notably Gecko-based browsers (Netscape and Mozilla),
+do so only in "quirks" mode. The best approach is the <code>document.getElementById</code>
+method, which is part of the W3C DOM standard and implemented
+in modern browsers (including IE from version 5.0). So an
+element with <code>id="foo"</code> can be referenced
+with:-
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ var el = document.getElementById("foo");
+</pre>
+<p>
+Note: make sure not to use the same <code>id</code> twice in the same document
+and do not give an element a <code>name</code> that matches an <code>id</code>
+of another in the same document or it will trigger bugs in MSIE <= 7 with
+<code>document.getElementsByName</code> and <code>document.getElementById</code>.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Using_Web_Standards_in_your_Web_Pages/Using_the_W3C_DOM#Accessing_Elements_with_the_W3C_DOM
+" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Using_Web_Standards_in_your_Web_Pages/Using_the_W3C_DOM#Accessing_Elements_with_the_W3C_DOM
+</a></li>
+<li><a href="faq_notes/faq_notes.html#FAQN4_41" >faq_notes/faq_notes.html#FAQN4_41</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='updateContent' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_15'>9.4 How do I modify the content of the current page?</h3><p>
+
+Using the non-standard but widely implemented
+<code>innerHTML</code> property:
+<code><div id="anID">Some Content</div></code> with script:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ document.getElementById("anID").innerHTML =
+ "Some <em>new</em> Content";
+</pre>
+<p>
+Where <code>"anID"</code> is the (unique on the HTML page)
+<code>id</code> attribute value of the element to modify.
+ </p> <p>
+
+All versions of Internet Explorer exhibit problems with innerHTML, including:
+ </p>
+<ul>
+ <li> Fails with FRAMESET, HEAD, HTML, STYLE, SELECT,
+OBJECT, and all TABLE-related elements.
+ </li>
+ <li> Replaces consecutive whitespace characters with a single space. </li>
+ <li> Changes attribute values and order of appearance. </li>
+ <li> Removes quotations around attribute values. </li></ul><p>
+
+If the new content is only text and does not need to replace existing HTML,
+it is more efficient to modify the <code>data</code> property of a text node.
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ document.getElementById("anID").firstChild.data = "Some new Text";
+</pre>
+ <p>
+
+Compatibility Note: Implementations have been known to split long text
+content among several adjacent text nodes, so replacing the data of the
+first text node may not replace all the element's text. The <code>normalize</code>
+method, where supported, will combine adjacent text nodes.
+</p> <p>
+
+Note: Make sure the element exists in the document (has been parsed) before trying to
+reference it.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/core.html#ID-FF21A306" >http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/core.html#ID-FF21A306</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc304097%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc304097%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533897%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533897%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Whitespace_in_the_DOM" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/Whitespace_in_the_DOM</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:element.innerHTML" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:element.innerHTML</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-end.html#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm" >http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-end.html#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm</a></li>
+<li> (draft)
+ </li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='accessElementBeforeDefined' class='section'><h3>9.5 Why does my code fail to access an element?</h3><p>
+
+An element can only be accessed after it exists in the document.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Either:
+A) include your script after the HTML element it refers to, or
+B) use the <code>"load"</code> event to trigger your script.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Example A:
+</p>
+<pre>
+<div id="snurgle">here</div>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+// Don't forget var.
+var snurgleEl = document.getElementById("snurgle");
+window.alert(snurgleEl.parentNode);
+</script>
+</pre>
+ <p>
+
+Example B:
+</p>
+<pre>
+// In the HEAD.
+<script type="text/javascript">
+window.onload = function(){
+ var snurgleEl = document.getElementById("snurgle");
+};
+</script>
+</pre>
+
+<h4>Other problems can include:</h4>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> invalid HTML </li>
+ <li> two elements with the same <code>name</code> or <code>id</code> </li>
+ <li> use of an unsafe name: http://jibbering.com/names/ </li></ul></div>
+<div id='testCookie' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_4'>9.6 How can I see in javascript if a web browser accepts cookies?</h3><p>
+
+Write a cookie and read it back and check if it's the same.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li>
+Additional Notes:
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt" >http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2965.txt</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.galasoft-lb.ch/myjavascript/consulting/2001012701/" >http://www.galasoft-lb.ch/myjavascript/consulting/2001012701/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.cookiecentral.com/" >http://www.cookiecentral.com/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='windows' class='section'><h2>10 Windows and Frames</h2>
+<p>
+
+The <code>window</code> object (also referred to by <code>self</code>) is "DOM Level 0".
+No formal standard for it exists.
+</p> </div><div id='disableBackButton' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_2'>10.1 How can I disable the back button in a web browser?</h3><p>
+
+You can't. The browser's history cannot be modified. However, you
+can use <code>self.location.replace(url);</code> in some browsers to replace
+the current page in the history.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536712%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536712%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/location.htm#1194240" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/location.htm#1194240</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='frameRef' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_8'>10.2 How do I access a frame's content?</h3><p>
+
+To reference another frame on the <em>same domain</em>:
+</p> <p>
+
+The
+<dfn>content window</dfn> of a <code>FRAME</code> or <code>IFRAME</code> can be
+accessed by the <code>frames</code> collection.
+</p> <p>
+
+Example:
+</p>
+<pre>
+var fwin;
+fwin = self.frames[0]; // or:
+fwin = self.frames["iframeName"];
+</pre>
+ <p>
+ or, from the <code>IFRAME</code> or <code>FRAME</code> element:
+</p>
+<pre>
+var iframeEl = document.getElementById("myFrame");
+var fwin = iframeEl.contentWindow; // Nonstandard, but widely supported.
+var fdoc = iframeEl.contentDocument; // DOM2 HTML Standard.
+</pre>
+ <p>
+
+A global identifier <code>moomin</code> in the the iframe's
+<dfn>content window</dfn>
+is accessed as <code>fwin.moomin</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+To communicate between frames on <em>different</em> domains:
+</p> <p>
+
+Where supported, (IE8, Firefox 3, Opera 9, Safari 4), use
+<code>window.postMessage( message[, port], otherDomain);</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+Example:
+<a href="http://jibbering.com/faq/example/postMessage.html" >http://jibbering.com/faq/example/postMessage.html</a></p> <p>
+
+Where <code>window.postMessage</code> is not supported, the <code>window.name</code> property
+can be set on the other window, which can poll for updates to that
+property using <code>setInterval(checkWinName, 100);</code> where <code>checkWinName</code>
+is a function that polls to check the value of
+<code>self.name</code>.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy" >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www-archive.mozilla.org/docs/dom/domref/dom_frame_ref5.html" >http://www-archive.mozilla.org/docs/dom/domref/dom_frame_ref5.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.postMessage" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.postMessage</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc197015(VS.85).aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc197015(VS.85).aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='getWindowSize' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_9'>10.3 How do I find the size of the window?</h3><p>
+
+Here is a detailed explanation of a cross-browser strategy to
+find the dimensions of the viewport, excepting all chrome
+(excludes scrollbars, etc).
+ </p> <p>
+
+We can consider various properties:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ window.innerWidth
+ document.clientWidth
+ document.documentElement.clientWidth
+ document.body.clientWidth
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+Of the browsers that have an <code>innerWidth</code> property, most
+include scrollbar dimensions. Some versions of KHTML browsers
+(including Safari 2) do <em>not</em> include scrollbar width.
+ </p> <p>
+
+The <code>window.inner*</code> properties are unreliable and not
+useful here. We don't want scrollbar dimensions included.
+</p>
+<pre> document.clientWidth</pre>
+ <p>
+
+Certain versions of KHTML, including Safari 2, have
+<code>document.clientHeight</code> and <code>document.clientWidth</code>
+properties. Where supported, these rare properties accurately
+return the height and width of the viewport, without including
+scrollbar dimensions.
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ document.documentElement.clientWidth
+ document.body.clientWidth
+</pre>
+<p>
+MSHTML (Trident), Firefox (Gecko), Opera (Presto), and Safari
+(Webkit) all support <code>clientHeight</code> on <code>document.body</code>
+and <code>document.documentElement</code>. The difficulty is figuring out
+which one is reliable. In other words which object to get the
+<code>clientHeight</code> property from:<code>documentElement</code> or <code>body</code>?
+ </p> <p>
+
+What the number returned from either of these properties
+represents depends on the environment. The environment includes
+the browser, its version, and the rendering mode of the document.
+In quirks mode, we'll mostly want to use <code>body.clientHeight</code>
+(except for in Safari 2).
+
+ </p>
+<pre> document.body.clientHeight</pre>
+<p>
+
+Some environments will return the viewport height. Others will
+return <code>0</code>. Yet others will return the <code>clientHeight</code> of
+the <code>BODY</code> element.
+
+ </p>
+<pre> document.documentElement.clientHeight</pre>
+<p>
+
+This is the more "standard" property for getting the height of
+the viewport. It usually "works" in modern browsers in
+
+<dfn>standards mode</dfn>. Notable exceptions include Safari 2 and
+Opera <= 9.25, both of which return the <code>clientHeight</code>
+of the <code>html</code> <em>element</em>. (Oddly, Opera <= 9.25
+in standards mode returns the width of the viewport for
+<code>documentElement.clientWidth</code>).
+ </p> <p>
+
+With the exception of Safari 2, <code>body.clientHeight</code> is reliable
+where <code>documentElement.clientHeight</code> is found to be unreliable.
+For example, in Safari 3+, Opera, and Mozilla, all in quirks mode,
+<code>document.documentElement.clientHeight</code> returns the <code>clientHeight</code>
+of the <code>html</code> element (this may seem unsurprising but
+it is not what we want).
+ </p> <p>
+
+Conversely, <code>document.body.clientHeight</code> will return
+the height of the viewport in most cases where
+<code>document.documentElement.clientHeight</code> does not. An exception
+to that is Safari 2, where <code>documentElement.clientHeight</code>
+and <code>body.clientHeight</code> both return the height of their
+corresponding element (not what we want).
+ </p> <p>
+
+By using a combination of
+<dfn>Feature Testing</dfn> and
+<dfn>Capability Testing</dfn>,
+the dimensions of the viewport can be strategically retrieved
+from the property that works in the environment the script is
+running in. The trick is determining which property will give us
+the value we want.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Since <code>document.clientHeight</code> is reliable where
+(rarely) supported, and since browsers that support this property
+don't return the viewport dimensions from
+<code>document.body.clientHeight</code> or
+<code>document.documentElement.clientHeight</code>, this should be the
+very first condition:
+
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ // Safari 2 uses document.clientWidth (default).
+ if(typeof document.clientWidth == "number") {
+ // use document.clientWidth.
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+The next strategy is to determine if
+<code>document.documentElement.clientHeight</code> property is unreliable.
+It is deemed "unreliable" when it is either <code>0</code> or taller
+than the viewport.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ Determining if <code>documentElement.clientHeight</code> is <code>0</code> is easy.
+ The result is stored in a variable <code>IS_BODY_ACTING_ROOT</code>.
+
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ var docEl = document.documentElement,
+ IS_BODY_ACTING_ROOT = docEl && docEl.clientHeight === 0;
+ docEl = null;
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+To determine if <code>documentElement.clientHeight</code> returns
+a value taller than the viewport, we need a
+<dfn>Capability Test.</dfn></p> <p>
+
+If we can force <code>documentElement</code> to be very tall
+(taller than a normal viewport) we can then check to see if
+<code>documentElement.clientHeight</code> returns that "very tall" number.
+If it does, then it is unreliable.
+ </p> <p>
+
+We can force <code>documentElement</code> to be taller than the viewport
+(or any "normal" viewport) by adding a <code>div</code> to the <code>body</code>,
+give that <code>div</code> a height larger than any normal monitor,
+and then check to see if <code>documentElement.clientHeight</code> is
+that high (or "almost" that high, to account for <code>documentElement</code>
+having a border).
+
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ // Used to feature test Opera returning wrong values
+ // for documentElement.clientHeight.
+ // The results of this function should be cached,
+ // so it does not need to be called more than once.
+ function isDocumentElementHeightOff(){
+ var d = document,
+ div = d.createElement('div');
+ div.style.height = "2500px";
+ d.body.insertBefore(div, d.body.firstChild);
+ var r = d.documentElement.clientHeight > 2400;
+ d.body.removeChild(div);
+ return r;
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+We can use this function to see if we should use
+<code>body.clientHeight</code>, instead. (but only after checking if
+<code>document.clientHeight</code> is supported).
+
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ // Safari 2 uses document.clientWidth (default).
+ if(typeof document.clientWidth == "number") {
+ // use document.clientHeight/Width.
+ }
+ else if(IS_BODY_ACTING_ROOT \|\| isDocumentElementHeightOff()) {
+ // use document.body.clientHeight/Width.
+ } else {
+ // use document.documentElement.clientHeight/Width.
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+The preceding strategy was developed by Garrett Smith with input
+from John David Dalton. A complete and tested example can be found
+in APE Library under <code>APE.dom.getViewportDimensions</code>.
+Source code:
+<a href="http://dhtmlkitchen.com/ape/build/dom/viewport-f.js" >http://dhtmlkitchen.com/ape/build/dom/viewport-f.js</a>.
+APE is publicly released under Academic Free License.
+APE home: <a href="http://dhtmlkitchen.com/ape/" >http://dhtmlkitchen.com/ape/</a>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Note: The dimensions cannot be determined accurately until after
+the document has finished loading.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533566%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533566%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.innerWidth" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.innerWidth</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/using-capability-detection/" >http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/using-capability-detection/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='isWindowOpen' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_10'>10.4 How do I check to see if a child window is open, before opening another?</h3><p>
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ var myWin;
+ function openWin(aURL) {
+ if (!myWin \|\| myWin.closed ) {
+ myWin = window.open(aURL,'myWin');
+ } else {
+ myWin.location.href = aURL;
+ myWin.focus();
+ }
+ }</pre>
+<p>
+Popup windows cause usability problems and are generally best avoided.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533574%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533574%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1201877" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1201877</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990530.html" >http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990530.html</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='printFrame' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_11'>10.5 Why does framename.print() not print the correct frame in IE?</h3><p>
+
+IE prints the frame that has focus when you call the print
+method <code>frameref.focus();frameref.print();</code></p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms976105.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms976105.aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='windowClose' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_14'>10.6 How do I close a window and why does it not work on the first one?</h3><p>
+
+If a window was opened by javascript, then it can be closed
+without confirmation by using <code>windowRef.close()</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+Before calling <code>windowRef.close()</code> (or other <code>window</code> methods), make
+sure the window reference is not null and its <code>closed</code> property is <code>false</code>.
+</p> <p>
+
+Popup windows cause usability problems and are generally best avoided.
+</p> <p>
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990530.html" >http://www.useit.com/alertbox/990530.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="#isWindowOpen " >#isWindowOpen </a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536367%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536367%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.close#Description" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM/window.close#Description</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1201822" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1201822</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='permissionDenied' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_19'>10.7 Why do I get permission denied when accessing a frame/window?</h3><p>
+
+In the normal browser security model, a script may only access the
+properties of documents served from the same domain or IP address,
+protocol, and port.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Any attempt to access a property in such cases will result in a "Permission
+Denied" error. Signed scripts or trusted ActiveX objects can
+overcome this in limited situations.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533028%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533028%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Same_origin_policy_for_JavaScript" >https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Same_origin_policy_for_JavaScript</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='setTimeout' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_20'>10.8 How do I make a 10 second delay?</h3><p>
+
+There is no built-in way to pause execution in javascript such
+as a sleep function, but hosts usually provide a method of some
+form. Web browsers are designed for event driven programming and
+only provide the <code>setTimeout</code> and <code>setInterval</code> functions
+to facilitate timed delays. The delay before calling <code>getSnork</code> may
+exceed the second parameter to <code>setTimeout</code> and <code>setInterval</code>
+due to implementation differences among browsers.
+ </p> <p>
+
+ To call the function <code>getSnork</code>, approximately 10 seconds
+ after the function <code>getMoomin()</code> completes, you would do this:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ getMoomin();
+ setTimeout(getSnork, 10000);
+</pre>
+<p>
+Script execution is not stopped, and adding <code>getSnufkin()</code> after the
+<code>setTimeout</code> line would immediately execute the function <code>getSnufkin</code>
+before <code>getSnork</code>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Achieving delays through running a loop of some sort for a pre-defined
+period is a bad strategy, as that will inhibit whatever was supposed to
+be happening during the delay, including blocking user interation.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Other (less event driven) hosts have different wait functions,
+such as <code>WScript.Sleep()</code> in the Windows Script Host.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536753%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536753%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1203758" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/window.htm#1203758</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming" >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming</a></li>
+<li><a href="faq_notes/misc.html#mtSetTI" >faq_notes/misc.html#mtSetTI</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='printSettings' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_23'>10.9 How do I change print settings for window.print()?</h3><p>
+
+In a normal security environment, you can't change anything.
+</p> <p>
+
+Print Stylesheet rules provide options.
+</p> <p>
+ For IE, <code>ActiveX</code> or Plugin ScriptX and
+Neptune from Meadroid to give you more control for Windows
+versions of Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Opera.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.meadroid.com/scriptx/" >http://www.meadroid.com/scriptx/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms976105.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms976105.aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='changeBrowserDialog' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_28'>10.10 How do I change the confirm box to say yes/no or default to cancel?</h3><p>
+
+The buttons on a confirm box cannot be changed, nor can a default
+button be specified.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Change the question to a statement so that "OK" is suitable as the
+default response.
+</p> <p>
+
+ Example:
+ "Would you like us to charge your credit card?" (wrong)
+ "We will now charge your credit card." (right).
+</p> </div>
+<div id='fileDownload' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_33'>10.11 How do I prompt a "Save As" dialog for an accepted mime type?</h3><p>
+
+It is not possible with client-side javascript.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Some browsers accept the Content-Disposition header, but this
+must be added by the server. Taking the form:-
+<code>Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=filename.ext</code></p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://classicasp.aspfaq.com/general/how-do-i-prompt-a-save-as-dialog-for-an-accepted-mime-type.html" >http://classicasp.aspfaq.com/general/how-do-i-prompt-a-save-as-dialog-for-an-accepted-mime-type.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q260519/" >http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q260519/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='modifyChrome' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_36'>10.12 How do I modify the current browser window?</h3><p>
+
+In a default security environment you are very limited in how much
+you can modify the current browser window. You can use
+<code>window.resizeTo</code> or <code>window.moveTo</code> to resize or move a
+window respectively, but that is it. Normally you can only
+suggest chrome changes in a <code>window.open</code>.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536651%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536651%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='target' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_37'>10.13 How do I POST a form to a new window?</h3><p>
+
+Use the target attribute on the form, opening a window with
+that name and your feature string in the onsubmit handler of the
+FORM.
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ <form action="" method="post"
+ target="wndname" onsubmit="window.open('',this.target);return true;"></pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/html40/forms/form.html" >http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/html40/forms/form.html</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='openWindow' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_42'>10.14 How do I open a new window with javascript?</h3><p>
+
+New windows can be opened on browsers that support the
+<code>window.open</code> function and are not subject to the action of any
+pop-up blocking mechanism with code such as:-
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ var wRef;
+ if(window.open){
+ wRef = window.open("http://example.com/page.html","windowName");
+ }</pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open" >https://developer.mozilla.org/en/DOM:window.open</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.infimum.dk/HTML/JSwindows.html" >http://www.infimum.dk/HTML/JSwindows.html</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='ajaxRef' class='section'><h2>11 Ajax and Server Communication</h2>
+</div><div id='ajax' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_44'>11.1 What is Ajax?</h3><p>
+
+<dfn title = 'Asynchronous JavaScript and XML'>Ajax</dfn>
+is shorthand for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. The technology is
+based on the <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> Object. At its simplest,
+it is the sending/retrieving of new data from the server without
+changing or reloading the window location.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li>
+Mozilla Documentation:
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XMLHttpRequest" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XMLHttpRequest</a></li>
+<li>
+MSDN Documention:
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms535874%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms535874%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms759148%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms759148%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li>
+Libraries and Tutorial Sites:
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html" >http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ajaxtoolbox.com/" >http://www.ajaxtoolbox.com/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='downloadPage' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_38'>11.2 How do I download a page to a variable?</h3><p>
+
+Although <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> can be used to download
+entire pages, it is often used for downloading small pieces
+of data that can be used to update the current page.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html" >http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ajaxtoolbox.com/" >http://www.ajaxtoolbox.com/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='getServerVariable' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_18'>11.3 How do I get a jsp/php variable into client-side javascript?</h3><p>
+
+Use a server-side language to generate the javascript.
+</p> <p>
+
+Certain characters of ECMAScript strings must be escaped by backslash.
+These include quote marks, backslash, and line terminators.
+</p> <p>
+ JSP Example, using Apache Commons: <code>org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils</code>:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+var jsVar = "<%= StringEscapeUtils.escapeJavaScript(str) %>";
+</pre>
+ <p>
+ PHP example using <code>addcslashes</code>:
+</p>
+<pre>
+var jsVar = "<?php echo addcslashes($str,"\\\'\"\n\r"); ?>";
+</pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="example/addcslashes.php" >example/addcslashes.php</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.addcslashes.php" >http://php.net/manual/en/function.addcslashes.php</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://commons.apache.org/lang/" >http://commons.apache.org/lang/</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='sessionExpired' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_29'>11.4 How do I log-out a user when they leave my site?</h3><p>
+
+This cannot be done reliably. Here's why:
+ </p>
+<ul> <li>
+The user may disable javascript so the log-out script will
+never execute.
+ </li>
+<li>
+The user may not be on-line when they close your web page.
+ </li>
+<li>
+Javascript errors elsewhere in the page may prevent the script
+executing.
+ </li>
+<li>
+The browser may not support the onunload event, or may not fire
+it under certain circumstances, so the log-out function will
+not execute.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+The URL below has more information.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=BlmZ7.55691%244x4.7344316%40news2-win.server.ntlworld.com" >http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=BlmZ7.55691%244x4.7344316%40news2-win.server.ntlworld.com</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='runServerScript' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_34'>11.5 How do I run a server side script?</h3><p>
+
+You trigger a server-side script by sending an HTTP request.
+This can be achieved by setting the <code>src</code> of an <code>img</code>,
+<code>Image</code>, <code>frame</code>, or <code>iframe</code>, or by using
+<dfn title = 'XMLHttpRequest or XMLHTTP'>XHR</dfn>, where supported.
+ </p> <p>
+
+An image will also
+"swallow" the data sent back by the server, so that they will
+not be visible anywhere.
+</p> <p>
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ var dummyImage = new Image();
+ dummyImage.src = "scriptURL.asp?param=" + varName;
+</pre>
+ <p>
+
+Mozilla, Opera 7.6+, Safari 1.2+, and Windows IE 7
+provide the <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> object
+(Windows IE versions 5+, provides ActiveX to acheive an analagous
+effect). <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> can send HTTP requests to
+the server, and provides access the <code>responseText</code> or <code>responseXML</code>
+(when the response is XML), and HTTP header information.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html" >http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest/" >http://www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/XMLHttpRequest" >http://developer.mozilla.org/en/XMLHttpRequest</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537505(VS.85).aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537505(VS.85).aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='noCache' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_17'>11.6 How do I force a reload from the server/prevent caching?</h3><p>
+
+To reload a page, use <code>location.reload()</code>. However, this depends
+upon the cache headers that your server sends. To change this,
+you need to alter the server configuration. A quick fix on the
+client is to change the page URI so that it contains a unique
+element, such as the current time. For example:
+<code>location.replace(location.href+'?d='+new Date().valueOf())</code>
+If the <code>location.href</code> already contains a query String, use:
+<code>location.replace(location.href+'&d='+new Date().valueOf())</code></p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/" >http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/date.htm" >http://docs.sun.com/source/816-6408-10/date.htm</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='ajaxCache' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_45'>11.7 Why is my Ajax page not updated properly when using an HTTP GET request in Internet Explorer?</h3><p>
+
+ Browsers cache the results of HTTP requests to reduce network traffic.
+ To force the browser to request the document from the server, either
+ set the <code>EXPIRES</code> and/or <code>CACHE-CONTROL</code> response header(s)
+ with a past date or use a unique query string.
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ req.open("GET", "/example.jsp?date=" + (+new Date), true);
+</pre>
+<p>
+
+Always use the appropriate HTTP method. Do not use <code>POST</code>
+to prevent caching. See <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html" >RFC 2616</a>.
+
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/#EXPIRES" >http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/#EXPIRES</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.mnot.net/javascript/xmlhttprequest/cache.html " >http://www.mnot.net/javascript/xmlhttprequest/cache.html </a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='debugging' class='section'><h2>12 Debugging</h2>
+</div><div id='javascriptErrors' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_43'>12.1 How do I get my browser to report javascript errors?</h3><p>
+
+There are debugging tools for many browsers. Learn to use them all.
+ </p>
+<dl>
+ <dt> Windows </dt>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.fiddlertool.com/fiddler/" >Fiddler</a>.
+Fiddler is an HTTP Debugging proxy (it won't find script
+errors). Fiddler logs HTTP activity, like Firebug's Net
+tab, but can be attached to any browser running on Windows.
+ </dd>
+ <dt> Windows IE </dt>
+ <dd> Microsoft Script Editor. Included with Visual Studio or Microsoft
+Word 2003 (discontinued in Office 2007).
+To enable,
+<code>Tools</code>, <code>Internet Options</code>, <code>Advanced</code>, and uncheck
+<code>Disable Script Debugging</code>. After enabling Script Debugging,
+a <code>Script Debugger</code> option will appear in the <code>View</code> menu. </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.my-debugbar.com/wiki/IETester/HomePage" >IETester</a> for testing IE 5.5- IE8. </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.my-debugbar.com/wiki/CompanionJS/HomePage" >CompanionJS</a><code>console</code> for IE. </dd>
+ <dd> <em>Note:</em> For debugging scripts in IE, the Microsoft Script <em>Editor</em>
+is recommended. However, if not available, the <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=2F465BE0-94FD-4569-B3C4-DFFDF19CCD99&displaylang=en" >Microsoft Script Debugger</a> may be somewhat helpful.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=e59c3964-672d-4511-bb3e-2d5e1db91038&displaylang=en" >Internet Explorer Developer Toolbar</a> </dd>
+ <dd>
+To report errors: Wait until a little yellow
+triangle appears at the left end of the status bar, double click
+on it and, when the error dialog box appears, check the "Always
+show errors" checkbox it contains.
+
+Or, <code>Internet Options</code>, <code>Advanced</code>, deselect <code>"Disable Script Debugging"</code>,
+select <code>"Display a notification ..."</code>.
+ </dd>
+ <dt> Firefox </dt>
+ <dd> <code>Tools > Error console</code> (<code>Ctrl</code> + <code>Shift</code> + <code>j</code>).
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://getfirebug.com/" >Firebug</a> </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/5369" >YSlow</a>.
+YSlow analyzes web pages and tells you why they're slow
+based on Yahoo's rules for high performance web sites.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1743" >Lori</a>
+<dfn>Lori</dfn> or Life-of-request info, is useful for troubleshooting
+server response and page load time.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/60" >Web Developer Toolbar</a>.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1201" >Cookie Watcher</a>.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1192" >XPather</a>.
+XPath generator, editor and inspector.
+ </dd>
+ <dt> Opera </dt>
+ <dd>
+Tools > Advanced > Error console
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/introduction-to-opera-dragonfly/" >Introduction to Opera Dragonfly</a> </dd>
+ <dt> Safari </dt>
+ <dd>
+To display the <code>Develop</code> menu in Safari 3.1 or higher, select
+the checkbox labeled "Show Develop menu in menu bar" in
+Safari's <code>Advanced</code> Preferences panel.
+ </dd>
+ <dd> <a href="http://trac.webkit.org/wiki/Web%20Inspector " >Safari Web Inspector</a> </dd>
+ <dt> Chrome </dt>
+ <dd>
+JavaScript Console: click the <code>Page</code> menu icon and select
+<code>Developer > JavaScript Console</code>. From here, you'll be
+able to view errors in the JavaScript execution, and enter
+additional javascript commands to execute.
+ </dd>
+ <dd>
+JavaScript Debugger: available as <code>Page</code> menu icon > <code>Developer</code>
+> Debug JavaScript, the debugger provides a command prompt from which you
+can set breakpoints, backtrace, and more. Type <code>help</code> at the debugger
+command line to get started.
+ </dd>
+ <dd>
+<ul> <li> <a href="http://www.google.com/chrome/intl/en/webmasters-faq.html#jsexec" >Google Chrome Script Debugging</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/developer-tools-for-google-chrome.html" >Developer Tools for Google Chrome</a> </li>
+<li> <a href="http://blog.chromium.org/2009/08/google-chrome-developer-tools-for.html" >Tools for Eclipse Users</a> </li>
+</ul>
+ </dd>
+ <dt> Mac IE </dt>
+ <dd>
+Use the Preferences dialog.
+ </dd></dl></div>
+<div id='doNotTry' class='section'><h2>13 Things not to attempt in a browser</h2>
+</div><div id='detectBrowser' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_26'>13.1 How do I detect Opera/Safari/IE?</h3><p>
+
+The short answer: <em>Don't do that</em>.
+ </p> <p>
+
+The <code>navigator</code>
+<dfn>host object</dfn> contains properties which
+may identify the browser and version. These properties are historically
+inaccurate. Some browsers allow the user to set <code>navigator.userAgent</code> to any value. For
+example, Firefox, (type <code>about:config</code> and search <code>useragent</code>
+or Safari, <code>Develop > User Agent > Other...</code>, IE, via Registry.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Other browsers, such as Opera, provide a list of user agents
+for the user to select from. There are also at least 25 other
+javascript capable browsers, with multiple versions, each
+with their own string.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Browser detection is unreliable, at best. It usually causes
+forward-compatibility and maintenance problems. It is unrelated to the
+problem or incompatiblity it is trying to solve and obscures the
+problems it is used for, where it is used.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Object detection is checking that the object in question exists.
+<a href="http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/using-capability-detection/" >Capability detection</a> goes one step further to actually test the object,
+method, or property, to see if behaves in the desired manner.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Feature Test Example:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+/**
+ * Returns the element/object the user targeted.
+ * If neither DOM nor IE event model is supported, returns undefined.
+ * @throws TypeError if the event is not an object.
+ */
+function getEventTarget(e) {
+ e = e \|\| window.event;
+ // First check for the existence of standard "target" property.
+ return e.target \|\| e.srcElement;
+}</pre>
+<ul class='linkList'><li><a href="notes/detect-browser/" >notes/detect-browser/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/using-capability-detection/" >http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/using-capability-detection/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://developer.apple.com/internet/webcontent/objectdetection.html" >http://developer.apple.com/internet/webcontent/objectdetection.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.43" >http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.43</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='preventAccess' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_5'>13.2 How can I prevent access to a web page by using javascript?</h3><p>
+
+In practice you can't. While you could create a suitable
+encryption system with a password in the page, the level of
+support you need to do this means it's always simpler to do it
+server-side. Anything that "protects" a page
+other than the current one is definitely flawed.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='hideSource' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_1'>13.3 How do I protect my javascript code?</h3><p>
+
+With clientside javascript you can't as your code is distributed
+in source form and is easily readable. With JScript, there is the
+Script Encoder (see MSDN), but this is nothing more than obfuscation.
+Attempting to disable the context menu does nothing to
+protect your script in a Web browser.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li>
+ Your code is likely protected under copyright laws. See:
+ </li>
+<li><a href="http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/copyright.html" >http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/copyright.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://webdesign.about.com/od/copyright/Copyright_Issues_on_the_Web_Intellectual_Property.htm" >http://webdesign.about.com/od/copyright/Copyright_Issues_on_the_Web_Intellectual_Property.htm</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='disableRightClick' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_27'>13.4 How do I suppress a context menu (right-click menu)?</h3><p>
+
+A context menu, often triggered by right-click, can be requested by the
+user in a few ways. For example, on windows, shift + F10 and on macs,
+click-and-hold. Other input devices exist and mouse buttons can be
+configured, making the term "right click" a misnomer, in context.
+</p> <p>
+
+In browsers that allow it, a script can suppress the context menu by
+returning false from an object's <code>oncontextmenu</code> event handler.
+</p>
+<pre>
+document.oncontextmenu = function() {
+ return false;
+};
+</pre>
+<p>
+Some browsers lack context menus (e.g. iphone). Browsers that have
+context menus do not always have a scriptable event for them. Some
+browsers can be configured to disallow scripts from detecting context
+menu events (IE, Opera); others may fire the event but be configured to
+disallow scripts from suppressing the context menu (Firefox,Seamonkey).
+</p> <p>
+
+Even when the context menu has been suppressed, it will still be
+possible to view/save the source code and to save images.
+</p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_menu" >http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_menu</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://kb.mozillazine.org/Ui.click_hold_context_menus" >http://kb.mozillazine.org/Ui.click_hold_context_menus</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823057" >http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823057</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1870880/opera-custom-context-menu-picking-up-the-right-click/1902730#1902730" >http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1870880/opera-custom-context-menu-picking-up-the-right-click/1902730#1902730</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://support.mozilla.com/en-US/kb/Javascript#Advanced_JavaScript_settings" >http://support.mozilla.com/en-US/kb/Javascript#Advanced_JavaScript_settings</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536914%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536914%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='readFile' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_3'>13.5 How can I access the client-side filesystem?</h3><p>
+
+Security means that by default you can't. In a more restricted
+environment, there are options. For example, using LiveConnect to
+connect to Java with Netscape, and using the FileSystemObject in
+IE. Check <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/topics" >Google Groups archives</a>
+for previous posts on the subject.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z9ty6h50%28VS.85%29.aspx" >http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z9ty6h50%28VS.85%29.aspx</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-1998/jw-10-apptowin32.html" >http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-1998/jw-10-apptowin32.html</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='javascriptURI' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ4_24'>13.6 I have <a href="javascript:somefunction()"> what ... ?</h3><p>
+
+Whatever the rest of your question, this is generally a very bad idea.
+The <code>javascript:</code> pseudo protocol was designed to replace the
+current document with the value that is returned from the expression.
+For example:
+ </p>
+<pre>
+ <a href="javascript:'&lt;h1&gt;' + document.lastModified + '&lt;/h1&gt;'">lastModified</a>
+</pre>
+<p>
+will result in replacing the current document with the value
+returned from <code>document.lastModified</code>, wrapped in an <code><h1></code>
+tag.
+ </p> <p>
+
+When the expression used evaluates to an <code>undefined</code> value
+(as some function calls do), the contents of the current page are not
+replaced. Regardless, some browsers (notably IE6) interpret this as
+navigation and will enter into a 'navigation' state where GIF
+animations and plugins (such as movies) will stop and navigational
+features such as <code>META</code> refresh, assignment to <code>location.href</code>, and image
+swaps fail.
+ </p> <p>
+
+It is also possible for IE to be configured such that it supports
+javascript but not the <code>javascript:</code> protocol. This results
+in the user seeing a protocol error for <code>javascript:</code> URIs.
+ </p> <p>
+
+The <code>javascript:</code> pseudo protocol creates accessibility and
+usability problems. It provides no fallback for when the script is not
+supported.
+ </p> <p>
+
+Instead, use
+<code><a href="something.html" onclick="somefunction();return false"></code>
+where <code>something.html</code> is a meaningful alternative. Alternatively,
+attach the <code>click</code> callback using an event registry.
+ </p><ul class='linkList'><li><a href="example/jsuri/" >example/jsuri/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.javascript/msg/f665cfca3b619692" >Set/Navigate to a Location</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20021223.html" >Top Ten Web-Design Mistakes of 2002</a></li>
+</ul> </div>
+<div id='comments' class='section'><h2 id='FAQ5'>14 Comments and Suggestions</h2>
+<p>
+
+The FAQ uses the stylesheet <a href="faq.css" >faq.css</a> and is generated
+from the xml source <a href="index.xml" >index.xml</a> by the windows script
+host script <a href="process.wsf" >process.wsf</a> which also checks the links.
+ </p> </div><div id='FAQENTRY' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ5_1'>14.1 Why do some posts have <FAQENTRY> in them?</h3><p>
+
+If a poster feels that the question they are answering should be
+covered in the FAQ, placing <FAQENTRY> in the post lets the FAQ
+robot collect the messages for easy review and inclusion. A Draft Proposal
+for the FAQ is requested and appreciated.
+ </p> <p>
+
+The <FAQENTRY> should not be used in posts except in
+conjunction with a suggestion/proposal for the FAQ. It should
+also not be literally quoted in replies, instead it should be
+partly obscured as, e.g. <FAQ**TRY> or similar.
+ </p> </div>
+<div id='makeSuggestion' class='section'><h3 id='FAQ5_2'>14.2 How do I make a suggestion?</h3><p>
+
+The FAQ is currently lacking a maintainer, please contact Jim Ley
+(jim.ley@gmail.com) if you wish to take it over, you will need to
+be in good standing in the group and trustworthy to have access to the
+server. All comments, suggestions, and especially corrections are
+welcome.
+ </p> </div>
+<!--<script src='FAQReader.js' type='text/javascript'></script>--></body>
+</html>
+

/trunk/cljs/backup/index.html
Property changes:
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: trunk/cljs/backup/process.wsf
===================================================================
--- trunk/cljs/backup/process.wsf (nonexistent)
+++ trunk/cljs/backup/process.wsf (revision 6)
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+<job id="process">
+<!--
+This file generates the FAQ index.html
+-->
+<SCRIPT>
+/**
+ * Formatting - Still messy.
+ * Needed corrections:
+ * statements terminated with semicolon.
+ * use \|var\| for variables.
+ * use whitespace.
+ * 2 spaces for indentation (not one).
+ */
+var CheckUrls=false,
+ xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
+
+// moomin.utilities can be got from http://www.e-media.co.uk/earl/
+// var mu=new ActiveXObject("Moomin.Utilities")
+
+var xml = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
+xml.async = false;
+xml.validateOnParse = false;
+xml.resolveExternals = false;
+xml.load("index.xml");
+xml.save("indexold.xml");
+
+var faqNode = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ"),
+ Version = faqNode.attributes.getNamedItem("VERSION").nodeValue,
+ maintainer = "Garrett Smith",
+ Updated = faqNode.attributes.getNamedItem("DATE").nodeValue;
+
+var str = '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" \n'
+ + '"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">\n<html lang="en">\n'
+ + '<head>\n'
+ + '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DCTERMS.language" scheme="RFC1766" content="en">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.title" content="comp.lang.javascript Frequently Asked Questions">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DCTERMS.subject" '
+ + 'content="Frequently asked questions in the Usenet newsgroup comp.lang.javascript">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.format" content="text/html">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.type" content="Text">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.creator" content="Jim Ley">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.publisher" content="' + maintainer + '">\n'
+ + '<META name="DC.Publisher.Address" '
+ + 'content="dhtmlkitchen@gmail.com">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DCTERMS.modified" content="' + Updated +'">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DCTERMS.audience" content="Programmers, web developers">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.description" content="Javascript Frequently Asked Questions">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.identifier" content="http://jibbering.com/faq">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.source" '
+ + 'content="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.source" content="news:comp.lang.javascript">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.source" content="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hbxc2t98%28VS.85%29.aspx">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.source" content="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533050%28VS.85%29.aspx">\n'
+ + '<meta name="DC.rights" content="copyright contributors, comp.lang.javascript">\n'
+ + '<link rel="StyleSheet" href="faq.css" type="text/css" media="screen">\n';
+
+TitleStr = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ/TITLE").firstChild.nodeValue;
+
+str += "<title> "+TitleStr+"</title>\n"
+ + '</head>\n <body>\n'
+ + "<h1> "+TitleStr+"</h1>\n"
+ + "<p>Version "+Version+", Updated "+Updated +", by " + maintainer + "</p>"
+ + '<div id="nav"><a href="notes/">FAQ Notes</a></div>';
+
+var contentstr = "";
+Contents = xml.selectSingleNode("/FAQ/CONTENTS").selectNodes("CONTENT");
+
+str += "\n<ul id='faqList'>\n";
+
+for (var i = 0; i < Contents.length; i++) {
+ CNode = Contents[i];
+ var sectionId = CNode.getAttribute("ID") \|\| "",
+ title = CNode.getAttribute("TITLE");
+
+ str += "<li>" + (i+1) + " <a href='#" + sectionId +"'>" + title + "</a>\n";
+
+ contentstr += "<div id='" + sectionId +"' class='section'>"
+ + "<h2"+getOldId(CNode)+">"
+ + (i+1) + " " + title
+ + "</h2>\n"
+ + processContentChildren(CNode)
+ + "</div>";
+
+ var SubContents = CNode.selectNodes("CONTENT");
+ processContentChildren(CNode);
+ if(SubContents.length > 0) {
+ str += "\n<ul>\n";
+
+ // Build a link to a subsection.
+ // a subsection looks like:
+ // <h3 id=[FAQ5_7 \| getWindowSize]><a name=FAQ5_7></a> ... </h3>
+ // This allows for items to be moved around in various
+ // order (index should not matter).
+
+ for (var j = 0; j < SubContents.length; j++) {
+ var SubCNode = SubContents[j],
+ subSectionId = SubCNode.getAttribute("ID"),
+ title = SubCNode.getAttribute("TITLE"),
+ entryNumber = ""+(i+1)+"."+ (j+1);
+
+ str += "<li>" + entryNumber +" <a href='#"+ subSectionId +"'>" + title + "</a></li>\n";
+
+ contentstr += "<div id='" + subSectionId + "' class='section'>"
+ + "<h3" + getOldId(SubCNode) + ">"
+ + entryNumber + " " + title
+ + '</h3>'
+ + processContentChildren(SubCNode )
+ + '</div>'
+ + '\n';
+ }
+ str += "</ul>";
+ }
+ str += "</li>";
+}
+
+/**
+ * If the node contains a "NUMID",
+ * the content is wrapped in an anchor, e.g. "<a name='" + NUMID.
+ * Otherwise, returns the content.
+ */
+function getOldId(node) {
+ var faqSectionIndexString = node.getAttribute("NUMID") \|\| "";
+ return (faqSectionIndexString ?
+ " id='FAQ" + faqSectionIndexString +"'" : "");
+}
+
+str += "</ul>"
+ + contentstr
+ + "<!--<script src='FAQReader.js' type='text/javascript'><\/script>-->"
+ + "</body> \n</html> \n";
+str = str.replace(/<p><\/p>/gm,"").replace(/<p> <\/p>/gm,"");
+
+// Create the files.
+var FSO = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
+FIL = FSO.CreateTextFile("index"+Version+".html",true);
+FIL.WriteLine(str);
+FIL.close();
+FIL=FSO.CreateTextFile("index.html",true);
+FIL.WriteLine(str);
+FIL.close();
+if (CheckUrls) {
+ xml.save("index.xml");
+ xml.save("index"+Version+".xml");
+}
+
+function processContentChildren(cNode) {
+ var allNodes = cNode.selectNodes("*"),
+ contentstr = "";;
+ for(var k = 0; k < allNodes.length; k++) {
+ var node = allNodes[k];
+ if(node.tagName == "P")
+ contentstr += ProcessNode(node);
+
+ // List nodes, for UL, OL, DL.
+ else if(node.tagName == "LIST")
+ contentstr += processList(allNodes[k]);
+ }
+ return contentstr;
+}
+
+function ProcessNode(nde) {
+ var str = " ", p = "", closeP = "", child;
+ if(nde.tagName == "P") {
+ str = "<p>\n ";
+ p = "<p>";
+ closeP = "</p>";
+ }
+ for (var i = 0;i < nde.childNodes.length; i++) {
+ child = nde.childNodes[i];
+ switch (child.nodeName) {
+ case "#comment" :
+ str += "<!--" + child.data + "-->";
+ break;
+ case "#text" :
+ // If a text node is empty, do not generate an empty <p> tag.
+ if(child.nodeValue.replace(/\s+/,'') == "") return " ";
+ str += child.nodeValue;
+ break;
+ case "VER" :
+ str += Version;
+ break;
+ case "UPDATED" :
+ str += Updated;
+ break;
+ case "URL" :
+ str += makeLink(child);
+ break;
+ case "EM" :
+ var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
+ str+=' <em>'+url+'</em>';
+ break;
+ case "NEWSGROUP" :
+ var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
+ str+=' <a href="news:'+url+'">'+url+'</a>';
+ break;
+ case "MAILTO" :
+ var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
+ str+=' <a href="mailto:'+url+'">'+url+'</a>';
+ break;
+ case "MOREINFO" :
+ str += closeP + ProcessResource(child) + p;
+ break;
+ case "UL" :
+ str+= closeP + " \n<ul> "+ProcessUL(nde.childNodes[i])+"</ul> \n" + p;
+ break;
+ case "LI" :
+ str+="<li> "+ ProcessNode( child ) + "</li>";
+ break;
+ case "CODE" :
+ str+= closeP + "\n<pre>"+ child.firstChild.nodeValue +"</pre>\n"+p;
+ break;
+ case "ICODE" :
+ str += "<code>"+ child.firstChild.nodeValue+"</code>";
+ break;
+ case "DFN" :
+ var title = child.attributes.getNamedItem("TITLE");
+ title = title && (" title = '" + title.nodeValue +"'") \|\| "";
+ str +="\n<dfn" + title + ">"
+ + child.firstChild.nodeValue + "</dfn>";
+ break;
+ default:
+ str += child.nodeValue;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return str+= closeP + " ";
+}
+
+function makeLink(child) {
+ var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue,
+ linkText = child.attributes.getNamedItem("LINKTEXT"),
+ addstr = checkUrl(url, child);
+ linkText = linkText && linkText.nodeValue;
+ return '<a href="'+url+'" '+addstr+'>'+(linkText\|\|url)+'</a>';
+}
+
+/** Processing for OL, UL, DL.
+ * calls processNode.
+ */
+function processList(list) {
+ var str = "",
+ header = "",
+ title = list.getAttribute("TITLE"),
+ id = list.getAttribute("ID"),
+ idStr = (id && " id='" + id + "'") \|\| "";
+
+ if(title) {
+ header = "\n<h4" + idStr +">" + title + "</h4>\n";
+ idStr = ""; // Output id only once.
+ }
+
+ var type = list.getAttribute("TYPE");
+ type = (type \|\| "ul").toLowerCase();
+
+ str += "\n<" + type + idStr +">";
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < list.childNodes.length; i++) {
+ var child = list.childNodes[i],
+ tagName = child.nodeName;
+
+ // If not a list-type element,
+ // add it to the header (will appear first).
+ if(!/(?:LI)\|(?:DT)\|(?:DD)/.test(tagName)) {
+ header += ProcessNode(child);
+ }
+ else if(tagName !== "#text") {
+ tagName = tagName.toLowerCase();
+ str += "\n <" +tagName +">" + ProcessNode(child) + "</" +tagName +">";
+ }
+ }
+ return header + str + "</" + type + ">";
+}
+
+ function ProcessUL(nde) {
+ var str=""
+ for (var i=0;i<nde.childNodes.length;i++) {
+
+ var child = nde.childNodes[i];
+
+ switch (nde.childNodes[i].nodeName) {
+ case "#text" :
+ str+=nde.childNodes[i].nodeValue;
+ break;
+ case "VER" :
+ str+=Version
+ break;
+ case "URL" :
+ str += makeLink(child);
+ break;
+ case "NEWSGROUP" :
+ var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue
+ str+=' <a href="news:'+url+'">'+url+'</a> \n'
+ break;
+ case "MAILTO" :
+ var url= child.firstChild.nodeValue;
+ str+=' <a href="mailto:'+url+'">'+url+'</a> \n'
+ break;
+ case "UL" :
+ str+="<ul>\n" + ProcessNode(child) + "\n</ul>\n"
+ break;
+ case "LI" :
+ str+="<li> " + ProcessNode(child) + "</li> \n"
+ break;
+ case "CODE" :
+ str+="</p>\n<pre>"+nde.childNodes[i].firstChild.nodeValue.replace('\r',"<BR> ")+"</pre> \n<p> \n"
+ break;
+ case "ICODE" :
+ str+="<code>"+nde.childNodes[i].firstChild.nodeValue+"</code>\n"
+ break;
+ default:
+ document.write(nde.childNodes[i].nodeName+'<br> \n')
+ str+=nde.childNodes[i].nodeValue;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return str += "";
+ }
+
+
+function ProcessResource(nde) {
+ var str="<ul class='linkList'>", child;
+ for (var i = 0; i < nde.childNodes.length; i++) {
+ child = nde.childNodes[i];
+ switch (child.nodeName) {
+ case "#text" :
+ if(/[a-zA-Z]/.test(child.nodeValue))
+ str += '<li>' + child.nodeValue + '</li>\n';
+ break;
+ case "URL" :
+ str+='<li>' + makeLink(child) + '</li>\n';
+ break;
+ case "NEWSGROUP" :
+ var url = child.firstChild.nodeValue;
+ str += '<li><a href="news:'+url+'">' + url + '</a></li> \n';
+ break;
+
+ }
+ }
+ return str + "</ul>";
+}
+
+ function checkUrl(url,node) {
+ url=url.split('#')[0]
+ if (CheckUrls) {
+ if (url.indexOf('http://')==0) {
+ xmlhttp.Open("get",url,false)
+ try {
+ xmlhttp.Send()
+ } catch (e) { WScript.Echo(url);return ""; }
+ stat=xmlhttp.status
+ node.attributes.getNamedItem("status").nodeValue=stat
+ if (stat==200) {
+ source=xmlhttp.responseText
+ if (url.indexOf('microsoft')!=-1 && source.indexOf('Page Cannot')!=-1) {
+ //Ugly hack 'cos MSDN don't understand HTTP.
+ stat=404
+ node.attributes.getNamedItem("status").nodeValue=stat
+ return ' class="nolink" '
+ }
+ contentlength=source.length
+// oldhash=node.attributes.getNamedItem("hash").nodeValue
+// hash=mu.MD5(source,"faq")
+// node.attributes.getNamedItem("hash").nodeValue=hash
+ classstr=""
+// if (oldhash!=hash) classstr=' class="updated"'
+ lm=xmlhttp.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified")
+ return classstr+' title="'+lm+'" '
+ } else {
+ xmlhttp.Open("get","http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:"+url,false)
+ xmlhttp.Send()
+ if (xmlhttp.responseText.indexOf('did not match any documents')==-1) {
+ return ' class="nolink"> \n<small> \n<a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:'+url+'>(Googles cached copy)</a> \n<small'
+ }
+ return ' class="nolink" '
+ }
+ } else {
+ return ""
+ }
+ } else {
+ return ""
+ }
+
+ }
+</SCRIPT>
+</job>

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