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# Golic Vulcan (GV):Federation Standard English (FSE)

#

# Legend

# {Danaya}

# ("Explanation"):

#

# FSE

# {Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu}

# ("literal translation")

# -----------------------------------------------------------------

#

# Compiled from the website of the Vulcan Language Institute

# at <http://home.comcast.net/~markg61/vlif.htm>.

# {Travilal s'shi'Vis t'Shi'Oren t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu

# na'<http://home.comcast.net/~markg61/vlif.htm>.}

# ("Compiled from-Website of-Institute of-Language Vulcan

# at-<http://home.comcast.net/~markg61/vlif.htm>.")

#

# The following inconsistencies have been found in the received data:

# {Ki'putal-tor zahalan-ritsurkan'eslar svi'poprah-faik —}

# ("Have-be-found following-inconsistencies in-received-data:")

#

# 1. Using {pekhaya} both for “stop” {n.} and related terms in

#    “Introduction to Vulcan Linguistics” ({fa-wak pehkau}

#    “will stop”), “Introduction to Golic Vulcan Grammar”

#    ({ulef-pekhaya} “half-stop”, but {ek'pe*kh*aya} “full-stop”),

#    and “Vulcan Language Lesson” #2, 3, 25, 27, and 29;

#    and also for “defecation” and related terms in “Health,

#    Medical & Surgical Terminology”.

#    Since it is both illogical that the same meaning should have

#    different word roots, and that the same word or word root

#    should have several meanings in Golic Vulcan[1] — for example,

#    how can {pekhaya} mean “defecation” [“to-defecate-noun”] and

#    {pa'kizh-pekhaya} “respiratory arrest” [“around-gasses-stop”]

#    at the same time?  How can there be {khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya}

#    “cardiac arrest” [“blood-pump-stop-noun”], but

#    {pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya} “respiratory arrest” at the same time? —,

#    it is assumed that there were errors in transliteration or

#    subspace transmission, and that the word root {pehk} uniformly

#    refers to stopping (as in {pehkau} “to stop”, {ek'pe_hk_aya}

#    “full-stop”, and {pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya} “respiratory arrest”),

#    while the word root {pekh} uniformly refers to concepts related

#    to defecation (as in {pe_kh_aya} “defecation” and {pekh-razh}

#    “anus” [“feces-exit”]).

# {1☐ – On-isan t'>pekhaya< na'>stop< (v-zh.) heh

#    tersau-zhitlar svi'°Ragtaya na'Gen-Lis-Tal Vuhlkansu°

#    | {fa-wak pehkau} >will stop< | - svi'°Ragtaya na'Zhit-Isan

#    t'Gol-Vuhlkansu° | {ulef-pekhaya} >half-stop< - hi

#    {ek'pe¦kh¦aya} >full-stop< | eh svi'°Tupa t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu°

#    ℵ2 - 3 - 25 - 27 heh 29 - eh na'>defecation< heh tersau-zhitlar

#    svi'°Zhilikam t'Muhl'es - Has-Tal heh Sharushan° |.

#    Riozhikaik kupi ma natya-zhit-gir ka-tvah - heh ka-zhit il

#    ka-zhit-gir pohl-tvah svi'Gol-Vuhlkansu – na'li-fal -

#    kup-tvai {pekhaya} >defecation< | >to-defecate-noun< | heh

#    {pa'kizh-pekhaya} >respiratory arrest< | >around-gasses-stop< |

#    na'ka-wak uf – kup tra'nam-tor {khaf-spol-pe¦hk¦aya}

#    >cardiac arrest< | >blood-pump-stop-noun< | - hi

#    {pa'kizh-pe¦kh¦aya} >respiratory arrest< na'ka-wak uf –

#    pumiyusau tra'vesht lafoshlar svi'meszunikaya il

#    svi'ne-stukh-sasaya - eh wuh-shidik dzhinau zhit-gir {pehk}

#    na'pehkaya | u {pehkau} >to stop< - {ek'pe¦hk¦aya}

#    >full-stop< heh {pa'kizh-pe¦hk¦aya} >respiratory arrest< | -

#    wuh-shidik du'dzhinau zhit-gir {pekh} na'vellar t'pekhaya

#    | u {pe¦kh¦aya} >defecation< heh {pekh-razh} >anus<

#    || >feces-hole< || |.}

# ("1st – Both-usage of->pekhaya< for->stop< (noun) and

#    connected-words in-'Introduction to-linguistics Vulcan'

#    [ {fa-wak pehkau} >will stop< ] - in-'Introduction to-Grammar

#    of-Gol-Vulcan [ {ulef-pekhaya} >half-stop< - but

#    {ek'pe*kh*aya} >full-stop< ] and in-'Lesson of-Language Vulcan'

#    no. 2 - 3 - 25 - 27 and 29 - and for->defecation< and connected-words

#    in-'Terminology of-Health - Medicine and Surgery' ].

#    Illogical could have same-meaning different-word-root - and same-word or

#    same-word-root several-meaning in-Gol-Vulcan – for-example -

#    can-mean {pekhaya} >defecation< [ >to-defecate-noun< ] and

#    {pa'kizh-pekhaya} >respiratory arrest< [ >around-gasses-stop< ]

#    at-same-time how – can there-be {khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya}

#    >cardiac arrest< [ >blood-pump-stop-noun> ] - but

#    {pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya} >respiratory arrest< at-same-time how –

#    is-assumed there-were errors in-transliteration or

#    in-subspace-transmission - and uniformly refer word-root {pehk}

#    to-stop [ as {pehkau} >to stop< - {ek'pe*hk*aya}

#    >full-stop< and {pa'kizh-pe*hk*aya} >respiratory arrest< ] -

#    uniformly while-refer word-root {pekh} to-things of-defecation

#    [ as {pe*kh*aya} >defecation< and {pelh-razh} >anus<

#    ( >feces-hole< ) ].")

#

# 2. As word for “symbol”, {sehtebihk} in “Vulcan Language Lesson 6:

#    Punctuation”, {setebihk} in “Example Phrases (VLI)”, and

#    {setebuhk} in “Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies”.  The first is

#    the form substantiated by the historical documents (“Star Trek:

#    The Motion Picture”) and therefore considered the correct one.

#    It is assumed that the i/u-difference occurred from the

#    neighboring positions of the keys for the letters “u” and “i”

#    on computer keyboards, and that {setebihk} was misspelt.

# {2☐ – Na'zhit t'>symbol< - {sehtebihk} svi'°Gen-lis Vuhlkansu Tupa 6 -

#    Pehkamitaya° - {setebihk} svi'°Li-Falik Zhit-Ballar° heh

#    {setebuhk} svi'°Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies°.  Putukhutil-tor

#    wuhr-shid svi'vipladayalar vesht-varik | °Star Trek: The Motion

#    Picture° | - pupanah-tor yeht-veh.  Kupi >i<|>u<-natyan

#    s'be-shul t'ozh-svinlar t'zun >u< eh >i< heh riyehtik nazhitovaun

#    {setebihk}.}

# ("2nd – for-word of->symbol< - {sehtebihk} in-'Language Vulcan Lesson 6 -

#    Punctuation' - {setebihk} in-'Example Phrases' and

#    {setebuhk} in-'Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies'.  Is-substantiated

#    first-form in-documents historical [ 'Star Trek: The Motion

#    Picture' ] - is-assumed correct-one.  Could[-be] >i</>u<-difference

#    from-close-position of-keys of-letter >u< and >i< and wrong spelt

#    {setebihk}.")

#

# 3. {tehtvun} for “century” (100 years), but {leh-teh-tevun} for

#    “millennium” (1000 years).  The word for “year” (time for one

#    rotation of Vulcan) is {tevun}.  It is not logical to shorten

#    it to {tvun}, an otherwise unknown word root, for “century

#    (100 year[s])”, and to use the combining form with “1000 year(s)”

#    but not “100 year[s]”.

#    Therefore, we assume this is a typo copied to all documents,

#    and that the word for “century” is {teh-tevun}.

# {3☐ – {tehtvun} na'>century< (teh tevun) - hi {leh-teh-tevun}

#    na'>millennium< (leh-teh tevun).  Zhit na'wak t'wuh-dan

#    t'T'Khasi {tevun}.  Pen-tor na'{tvun} riozhikaik - vathru

#    rifainuk zhit-git - na'>century (100 year[s])< heh is-tor

#    terishanik shid na'>1000 year(s)< hi ri na'>100 year(s)<.

#    Pumiyusau ki'va'asal lafosh k'ozh-svin-math na'ek'kisevlar

#    heh {teh-tevun} zhit na'>century<.}

# ("3rd – {tehtvun} for->century< (hundred years) - but {leh-teh-tevun}

#    for->millenium< (thousand years). Word for-time of-one-rotation

#    of-T'Khasi {tevun}. Shorten to-{tvun} illogical - otherwise

#    unknown word-root - for->century [100 year(s)]< and use

#    combining form for->1000 year[s]< but not for->100 year[s]<.

#    Is-assumed have-copied error with-keyboard to-all-documents

#    and {teh-tevun} word for->century<.")

#

# [1] {Na'natya-is - natya-shid.} “For different use, a different

#     form.”  —Tenek of Shi'Han (famous ancient Golic grammarian)

#

# Entries in this dictionary follow closely the format established

# by Klingonska Akademien (KA) for the online version of the

# Klingon Pocket Dictionary <http://klingonska.org/dict/>.

# See their Web site for details.

# {Bezahal-tor svinlar t'fasei zhit-dunap yidor aferalik

# s'Klingonska Akademien (KA) na'fi-elakh-ves

# t'°Razh-Zhit-Dunap Tlingansu° <http://klingonska.org/dict/>.

# Gla'voh fi'shi'Vis t'au na'numo-vellar.}

# ("Close-follow entries of-this dictionary format established

# by-Klingonska Akademien [KA] for-online-version

# of-'Pocket-Dictionary Klingon' <http://klingonska.org/dict/>.

# See [hon. imp.] on-website of-them for-details.")

#

# The format of this dictionary differs in that it uses “vuh”,

# for Vulcan, instead of “tlh”, for Klingon, adds the “ipa” key,

# uses abbreviations for the “pos” key to keep the file size small,

# and uses different abbreviations (see below):

# {Ma yidor t'fasei zhit-dunap natyan – isan t'>vuh< -

# na'gen-lis Vuhlkansu – svi'rak t'>tlh< - na'Tlingansu – tum-tor

# tal-muv >ipa< - is-tor zhipenayalar na'tal-muv >pos< na'pi'potaun

# suk'es t'deik heh natya-zhipenayalar (nugla'voh) —}

# ("Have format of-this dictionary difference – use of->vuh< -

# for-language Vulcan – instead of->tlh< - for-Klingon – add

# key >ipa< - use abbrevations for-key >pos< for-small-keeping

# size of-file and different-abbrevations [below-see (hon. imp.)] :")

#

#   vuh: {original(required|alternative) (optional part)} (required)

#   ipa: IPA transcription (optional)

#   en: <FSE translation (optional part)> (meaning [optional]) (required)

#   lit: literal translation (optional)

#   pos: word form (part-of-speech), abbreviated (optional)

#   com: comment (optional)

#   tag: context (optional)

#   ex: example (optional)

#

# {

#   vuh − {tveshu-vel(bolayatik|vath-dvel) (dvel-krus)} | bolayatik |

#   ipa: ralash-kitaya spo'Smes-shasolik Zhit-ralash-Ek'zuntra | dvelik |

#   en: <mesukh vi'Teraya-Eingelsu (dvel-krus)> (tvah | dvelik |) | bolayatik |

#   lit: zun-mesukh | dvelik |

#   pos: zhit-shid | starun-krus | zhipenaunik | dvelik |

#   com: tuhskaya | dvelik |

#   tag: tersaya | dvelik |

#   ex: li-fal | dvelik |

# }

#

# ("

#   vuh − {original(required|alternative) (optional-part)} | required |

#   ipa: transcription à-la-International Phonetic-Alphabet | optional |

#   en: <translation to-Federation-English (optional-part)> (meaning | optional |) | required |

#   lit: literal-translation | optional |

#   pos: word-form | speech-part | abbreviated | optional |

#   com: comment | optional |

#   tag: context | optional |

#   ex: example | optional |

# ")

##

## Also, there are no section markers.  Instead, any line that

## starts with “#” is a comment, and MAY be displayed by software

## as an introduction to the user (paragraph formatting SHOULD

## be used), unless it is followed by another “#” (like here)

## in which case it is documentation only for implementors and

## MUST NOT be displayed by software.

## {Isha svi'rak t'ulideklar t'krus - fan-zehl palikaunik k'>#<

## tuhskaya – ¦lau¦-gluvau tumak na'is-veh u'ragtaya

## | ¦puna'shikhaun¦ is-tor yidoran na'zhit-tuhlar | - vita

## zahal-tor wuh'ashiv >#< | u'la | kisevtra goh na'sakatausular

## eh ¦ri vun¦-gluvau.}

## ("Also instead of-markers of-part - any-line starting with->#<

## comment – MAY-display program to-user as-introduction

## [ BE-ADVISED to use formatting for-paragraphs ] - unless

## follow another >#< [ as-here ] documentation only for-implementors

## and MUST-NOT-display.")

#

# Different from the KA format, entries are indented to signify

# derivation, so that software can mark common word-roots

# automatically.  The optional part of the original may contain

# affixes that can be omitted, or give an abbreviation.

# {Natyan na'yidor t'KA - pugas-dvun-tor svinlar glantokau

# sakazun - shatik kup-ulidau tumak ka-zhit-girlar. Kup-tuhlau

# dvelik krus t'tvesh-vel tereklar kup-puyenik il tanilau

# zhipenaya.}

# ("Difference to-format of-KA - be-indented entries signify

# derivation - automatically can-mark program same-word-roots.

# Can-contain optional part of-original affixes can-be-forgotten

# or give abbreviation.")

#

# The translation may use {…} (italics) to indicate that the original

# cannot be translated (e.g., proper names); however, it can indicate

# an alternative transliteration that is more common in the target

# language.  The word-form is indicated with one of the abbreviations

# below in case of ambiguity.  The context part indicates in which

# contexts and meanings the original may or should be used.

# Finally, the comment part describes the etymology of the original,

# provides background information or gives general usage advice.

# {Kup is-tor mesukh >{…}< glantokan ri kup mesukh-tor tvesh-vel

# | na'li-fal - yeht-ahmlar | – hi kup yal-tor weht-tsukik

# vath-meszunikaya na'les-gen-lis. Puyal-tor zhit-shid wuhkuh

# t'ne'zhipenayalar kuv pohl-tvah. Yal-tor tersaya-krus kup il

# puna'shikhaun pu'is-tor tvesh-vel k'if tersayalar heh tvahlar.}

# ("Can use translation >{…}< signify not can-translate original

# [ for-example - right-names ] – but can indicate more-common

# alternative-transliteration to-target-language. Is-indicated word-form one

# of-below-abbrevations if ambiguity. Indicate context-part can or

# is-recommended be-used original-thing with-which context and meanings.")

##

## Translation software MUST consider the optional part of the

## original, both in combination and standalone; it SHOULD display

## the word-form, context, and comment parts of the translation with

## increasing verbosity, in that order.

## {¦Vun¦ panah-tor mesukh-tumak dvelik krus t'tvesh-vel - on

## svi'terish heh sa'awek-noshaunik – ¦puna'shikaun¦ gluvau zhit-shid -

## tersaya eh tuhsk-kruslar t'mesukh k'abulaya t'zhit'es -

## svi'ish-zek.}

## ("MUST consider translation-software optional part of-original - both

## combination and alone-stand – BE-ADVISED to-display word-form -

## context and comment-parts of-translation with-increase of-verbosity -

## in-that-order.")

#

# Golic Vulcan languages are affixing and compound languages;

# it is not logical to sort entries only alphabetically.  Instead,

# entries are sorted with the following precedence (“<<” subordered;

# “<~” same suborder, sorted before):

# {Gen-lislar Gol-Vuhlkansu terekik heh wehkonik – riozhikaik

# ek'zuntrayik wihfelau. Svi'rak puwihfelau svinlar k'zahalan-zek

# | >"<<"< ne-zekik – >"<~"< ka-ne-zek - fawihfelan | –}

# ("Languages Golic-Vulcan affixing and compound – illogical

# alphabetically sort. Instead be-sorted entries with-following-order

# [ >'<<'< sub-ordered – >'<~'< same-sub-order - before-sorted ] –")

#

# 1. main context: {aushfa} << {ulef-masu-aushfa}

#    (not: {masu} << {ulef-masu-aushfa})

# {1☐ – nel-tersaya – {aushfa} < {ulef-masu-aushfa}

#    | ri – {masu} << {ulef-masu-aushfa} |}

# (1st – "main-context – …")

#

# 2. root relation: {halovau} <~ {hal-tor} (not: {tor} <~ {hal-tor})

# {2☐ – gir-tersaya – {halovau} <~ {hal-tor} | ri – {tor} <~ {hal-tor} |}

# ("2nd – root-relation – …")

#

# 3. uses in combination: {le-suma} << {dvunan-koval k'le-suma}

# {3☐ – terishan-isanlar – {le-suma} << {dvunan-koval k'le-suma}

# ("3rd – combining-uses – …")

#

# 4. modifying suffixes: {pakh} << {pakhaik}, {falek} << {falek'es}

# {4☐ – rubitaun-zatereklar – {pakh} << {pakhaik}, {falek} << {falek'es}}

# ("4th – modifying-suffixes – …")

#

# 5. modifying prefixes: {ar'kadan} << {fi'ar'kadan}

# {5☐ – rubitaun-fatereklar – {ar'kadan} << {fi'ar'kadan}}

# ("5th – modifying-prefixes – …")

#

# 6. combining suffixes (based on main root): {ashiv} << {ashiv-tor},

#    {ayaun-sahriv} < {ayaun-abu-yumaya} (the main roots are

#    {sahriv} and {yumaya}; not {sahriv} and {abu})

# {6☐ – tersaun-zatereklar | punenam-tor nel-gir | –

#    {ashiv} << {ashiv-tor} - {ayaun-sahriv} < {ayaun-abu-yumaya}

#    | nel-girlar {sahriv} heh {yumaya} ri {sahriv} heh {abu} |}

# ("6th – combining-suffixes | based-on main-root | –

#    {ashiv} << {ashiv-tor} - {ayaun-sahriv} < {ayaun-abu-yumaya}

#    | main-roots {sahriv} and {yumaya} not {sahriv} and {abu} |")

#

# 7. combining prefixes (based on main root): {dap} << {reh-dap}

# {7☐ – tersaun-fatereklar | punenam-tor nel-gir | –

#    {dap} << {reh-dap}}

# ("7th – combining-prefixes | based on main-root | – …")

#

# Only when all applying superordered criteria are the same,

# entries are sorted by the FSE alphabet (not the MGV alphabet,

# in order to help learners.)  Note that weak verb forms, although

# combining with “-tor”, are sorted before other modifying and

# combining forms because they have the stronger root relation.

# Also note that the lexical root need not be the last part of a

# compound word.

# {Goh-kuv ek'noshtralar abru-zekik ka - puwihfelau svinlar

# na'Teraya-Eingelsu-ek'zuntra | ri ek'zuntra t'Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu

# nagol-tor orensular. |  Beglana'voh ta shidlar t'kobat-tor-zhit -

# hemshin terishanik k'>-tor< - puwihfelau fa'vath-shidlar rubitauk

# heh terishanik fayei ma au weh-karik gir-tersaya.

# Isha ri bolau zhit-dunap-gir nam-tor kim-krus t'terti-zhit.}

# ("Only-if all-criteria superordered same - be-sorted entries

# to-FSE-alphabet | not alphabet of-Modern-Golic-Vulcan

# to-help students. |  Notice [hon. imp.] that forms of-weak-verbs -

# although combining with->-tor< - be-sorted before-other-forms modifying

# and combining because have they more-strong root-relation.

# Also not need lexical-root be last-part of-compound-word.")

#

# Therefore, if you cannot find the translation for a compound

# word at entries beginning with the letter of the word, look

# into the entry for the main root.

# {Fayei t'ta - kuv ri kup tal-tor du mesukh t'terti-zhit

# na'svinlar palikaun k'zun t'zhit - viglazha'voh svin t'nel-gir.}

# ("Because of-that - if not can find you translation of-compound-word

# at-entries beginning with-letter of-word - into-look [hon. imp.]

# entry of-main-root.")

#

# The following abbreviations have been used:

# {Ki'pu'isan zahalan-zhipenayalar –}

# ("Have-been-used following-abbreviations –")

#

# Parts of speech (pos)

# ----------------------

# adj.     – adjective, adjectival

#            {rub-zhit - rub-zhitik}

#            ("adjective - adjectival")

# card.    – cardinal form (of a number); for counting up and when

#            used like a noun

#            {tum-shid | t'su'us | – tuman heh kuv isan

#            u'vel-zhit}

#            ("cardinal-form [ of-number ] – counting and if

#            using as-noun")

# enum.    – enumerating form (of a number); for counting how many

#            items there are

#            {su'us-shid [ t'su'us ] – tuman uf wehk vellar}

#            ("enumerating-form [ of-number ] – for-count are items

#            how many")

# ger.     – gerund (form); verb form to describe what happens now

#            {| shid t' | torvel-zhit – tor-zhit-shid klopaunik

#            wakli i'paveshan.}

#            ([ form of ] gerund – verb-form describing

#            in-what-way now-happening.}

# imp.     – imperative (form); used for commands and invocations

#            {toru-zhit|-shid| – isan na'tranlar heh svistaribeklar}

#            ("imperative[-form] – using for-commands and invocations")

# irr.     – irregular (verb; vs. reg.)

#            {ritsuri|-tor-zhit – tehnat >reg.<}

#            ("irregular[-verb – versus 'reg.']")

# hon.     – honorific (form); preferred, polite form

#            {dorlan|-shid| – shid galashanik heh martoguhik}

#            ("honorific|-form| – form preferred heh polite")

# n.       – noun; word for a thing or being

#            {vel-zhit – zhit na'vel il hasu}

#            ("noun – word for-thing or being")

# ord.     – ordinal form (of a number): 1st, 2nd etc.

#            {zek-shid | t'su'us | – 1☐ - 2☐ ∴}

#            ("ordinal-form [ of-number ] – 1st - 2nd etc.")

# pl.      – plural (form)

#            {wehu|-shid|}

#            ("plural[-form]")

# reg.     – regular (verb; vs. irr.)

#            {tsuri|-tor-zhit – tehnat >irr.<}

#            ("regular[-verb – versus 'irr.']")

# sing.    – singular (form)

#            {wuhru|-shid|}

#            ("singular|-form|")

# standal. – standal. (form)

#            {sa'awek-noshaun|-shid|}

#            ("alone-stand[-form])

# v.       – verb; word for doing something

#            {tor-zhit – zhit na'tor ein-vel}

#

# Languages (tag and com)

# ------------------------

# AGV      – Ancient Golic Vulcan (language)

# CLGV     – Ceremonial/Lithurgic Golic Vulcan (language)

# MGV      – Modern Golic Vulcan (language)

#

# Unless otherwise specified, words are in MGV.

#

# Contexts (tag)

# ---------------

# aero.    – aerospace

# agr.     – agriculture, agricultural; related to planting

# anc.     – ancient (word), from before Surak’s language reforms;

#            probably with irr. verb-forms

# anat.    – anatomy, anatomical; related to body structure

# anorg.   – anorganic; not related to life forms

# arch.    – archaeology, archaelogic

# auto.    – automotive

# biol.    – biology, biologic; related to life forms

# borr.    – borrowed word

# bot.     – botany, botanical; related to plant life

# col.     – colo(u)r

# colloq.  – colloquial; used in informal, non-scientific speech

# fig.     – figuratively (vs. lit.); e.g., "field" can lit. mean

#            "place where crops grow", fig. "area of study", or

#            fig. a math. structure (like "Galois field") or

#            a physical structure or technology (like "warp field")

# gen.     – general, generally

# geo.     – related to geosciences

# geol.    – geology, geologic; related to stones and minerals

# gr.      – grammar, grammatical; grammatical term

# math.    – mathematics, mathematically

# mech.    – mechanics, mechanically

# med.     – medicine, medical

# mil.     – military

# myth.    – mythology, mythologic

# naut.    – nautical; related to motion in seafaring tradition

# obs.     – obsolete (word); use the synonymous contemporary word

#            for everyday, non-ceremonial use instead (e.g., {wak}

#            instead of {farr} for "time"; but: {kari farr},

#            {pon farr} etc.)

# ocean.   – oceanography, oceanographic

# paleo.   – paleontology, paleontological

# phys.    – physics, physical

# pol.     – politics, political

# rec.     – recreation, recreational

# tech.    – technology, technologic

# zool.    – zoology, zoologic; related to animal life forms

#

# Comments (com)

# ---------------

# e.g.     – /exempli gratia/: Latin for "for example"

# etc.     – /et cetera/: Latin for "and so forth/on"

# ex.      – example

# i.e.     – /id est/: Latin for "it is", meaning "that is"

# lit.     – literally (vs. fig.)

# vs.      – /versus/ Latin for "as opposed to", "as compared to"

vuh: {16-milimeterik dvuperuv-glayek}

en: <16mm movie camera>

def: FSE-GV

vuh: {35-milimeterik glayek}

en: <35mm camera>

def: FSE-GV

vuh: {8-milimeterik dvuperuv-glayek}

en: <8mm movie camera>

def: FSE-GV

vuh: {ab'ashenau}

en: <hoist>

pos: v.

def: FSE-GV

vuh: {ab'ashenayek}

en: <halyard>

vuh: {aberala}

ipa: ɑ‿be'rɑ‿lɑ

en: <aerofoil>, <airfoil>

  vuh: {aberala-tchakat}

  ipa: ‿tʃɑ‿'kɑt

  en: <camber>

  tag: aero.

  vuh: {aberala-vul}

  en: <dihedral>

  tag: aero.

vuh: {aberau}

en: <lift>

pos: v.

def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {aberaya}

  en: <lift>

  pos: n.

  def: FSE-GV

    vuh: {aberayek}

    ipa: ɑ‿be'rɑ‿jek

    en: <crane>

    pos: n.

      vuh: {aberayek-mishu}

      en: <crane motor>

      def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {abu'aberau}

  en: <uplift>

  pos: v.

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abu'aberaya}

    en: <uplift>

    pos: n.

    def: FSE-GV

    com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {aberau-wurzel}

  en: <lift station>

  def: FSE-GV

vuh: {aberofek}

ipa: ɑ‿be'ro‿fek

en: <derrick>

vuh: {abevipladau}

pos: v.

en: <dub>

vuh: {abi'~}

ipa: ɑ‿'bi

pos: prep.

en: <until>

vuh: {abmarkan'es}

en: <buoyancy>

  vuh: {abmarkan(-~|ik)}

  en: <buoyant>

  vuh: {abmarkan'es-svitan}

  en: <center of buoyancy>

  lit: <buoyancy>-<center>

vuh: {abomesau}

en: <invert>

def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {abomesauk}

  en: <inverse>

  pos: adj.

  def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {abomesaya}

  en: <inversion>

  def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {abomesayek}

  en: <inverter>

  def: FSE-GV

  vuh: {abomesayik}

  en: <inverted>

  def: PE

    vuh: {abomesayik vath-sfek-aus}

    en: <arccosecant>

    lit: <inverted> <other>-<point>-{aus}

    vuh: {abomesayik vath-sfek-vel}

    en: <arccotangent>

    lit: <inverted> <other>-<point>-<thing>

    vuh: {abomesayik vath-tavat-kes}

    en: <arccosine>

    lit: <inverted> <other>-<ratio>-<arc>

    com: {zes} → {kes}

    vuh: {abomesayik vul-tavat-kes}

    en: <arcsine>

    lit: <inverted> <slope>-<ratio>-<arc>

    com: {zes} → {kes}

    vuh: {abomesayik weht-sfek-aus}

    en: <arcsecant>

    lit: <inverted> <more>-<point>-{aus}

    vuh: {abomesayik wuh-sfek-vel}

    en: <arctangent>

    lit: <inverted> <single>-<point>-<thing>

vuh: {aborau}

ipa: ɑ‿bo'rau

en: <boost>

pos: v.

  vuh: {aboraya}

  en: <boost>

  pos: n.

    vuh: {aborayek}, {aborau-yon-hashek}

    en: <booster (rocket)>

      vuh: {fi-zhel-aborayek}

      en: <strap-on booster>

      lit: on-strap-<booster>

      tag: aero.

      vuh: {aborayek-dahshaya}

      en: <booster separation>

  vuh: {aborau-ashenayek}

  en: <booster amplifier>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {aborau-pakuv}

  en: <booster coil>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {aborau-spol}

  en: <booster pump>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {aborau-wurzel}

  en: <booster station>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {abrash}

ipa: ɑ‿'braʃ

en: <flood>

pos: n.

  vuh: {abrash-tor}

  en: <flood>

  pos: v.

  vuh: {abrashan}

  en: <flooding>

  pos: n.

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {abrashau}

  en: <pick up>

  pos: v.

  def: VLI lesson #12 “Adjectival Forms”

  ex: {Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf.}

    ~The angry Cardassian picks up the small box from the desk.~

  vuh: {ak'wik-abrash}

  en: <flash flood>

  vuh: {abrash-eiktra}

  en: <flood <plain>

  vuh: {abrash-mashyut}

  en: <floodway>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {abrash-masu}

  en: <floodwater(s)>

  vuh: {abrash-pthak}

  en: <antlophobia>

  lit: <flood>-<phobia>

  vuh: {abrash-temep}

  en: <floodgate>

  vuh: {abrash-temok}

  en: <floodwall>

vuh: {absakau}

en: <raid>

pos: v.

  vuh: {absakausu}

  en: <raider>, <marauder>

  vuh: {absakaya}

  en: <raid>

  pos: n.

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {abu(')~)}

en: <up>

  vuh: {abu-tor}

  en: <erect>, <put up>

  vuh: {abu'le}

  ipa:    - '  -

  en: <upward(s)>

  com: from CLGV {apu'leh} and AGV {ápuullh}

  vuh: {abulau}

  ipa:   -  - '

  en: <increase>

  pos: v.

    vuh: {abulaya}

    en: <increase>

    pos: n.

    def: FSE-GV

    com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abul(-~|ik)}

    en: <erect>

    pos: adj.

    def: FSE-GV

    com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abuli(-~|k)}

    en: <vertical>

    pos: adj.

  vuh: {abufik-elakh}

  en: <topping lift>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {abun}

  en: <erection>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abun-dvunek}

    en: <erector>

    tag: anat.

  vuh: {abunaf}

  ipa:    -  - '

  en: <uplink>

  pos: n.

  vuh: {abutsuplau}

  en: <surrender>

  pos: v.

    vuh: {abutsuplaya}

    en: <surrender>

    pos: n.

  vuh: {abuvenik}

  ipa:   - '  -  -

  en: <upright>

  pos: adj.

  vuh: {abru('~|-~|~)}

  en: <above>, <over>

  pos: prep.

  tag: anc.

  com: from CLGV {apru'} and AGV {ápruu}

    vuh: {abru'es}

    ipa:    - '  -

    en: <dominance>

      vuh: {abrupik}

      ipa:    - '  -

      en: <dominant>

      pos: adj.

      tag: biol.

        vuh: {abrupodon}

        en: <profit>

        pos: n.

        vuh: {da'abrupik}

        en: <predominant>

        def: FSE-GV

        com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abru'mesukh}

    en: <across>

    tag: obs.

    vuh: {abruneniwau}

    en: <supervise>

      vuh: {abruneniwausu}

      en: <supervisor>

    vuh: {abruven-esh-nosh}

    en: <orthopnea>

    vuh: {abru-ahs(-hinek)}

    en: <maxilla>

    tag: anat.

    vuh: {abru-kapol-nafek}

    en: <adrenal gland>

    vuh: {abru-kar-hinek}

    en: <humerus>

    tag: anat.

    vuh: {abru-mal}

    en: <thigh>

      vuh: {abru-mal-hinek}

      en: <femur>, <thighbone>

    vuh: {abru-spis}

    en: <anticline>

    vuh: {abru-su'us}

    en: <numerator>

    vuh: {abru-tchakat}

    en: <camber>

    tag: eng., mech.

    vuh: {abru-tol}

    en: <ceiling> (in a structure)

    def: FSE-GV

    com: not in GV-FSE

    vuh: {abru-vulu}

    en: <obtuse angle>

    vuh: {abru-yetural(-~|ik)}

    en: <overdriven>

    pos: adj.

    vuh: {abru-zan-mev}

    en: <periscope>

  vuh: {abu-dvun(-~|ik)}

  en: <anabatic>

  pos: adj.

  vuh: {abu-vla-nu'leyik}

  en: <upside-down>

  pos: adj.

  vuh: {abu-yumaya}

  en: <updraft>

  pos: n.

vuh: Abu-Sihm'bel

en: Abu Simbel

tag: borr., arch.

vuh: {achut}

ipa:    - '

en: <brush>

pos: n.

vuh: {af'traul}

en: <utensil>

vuh: {af'tum}

ipa:   '  -

en: <kitchen>, <galley>

tag: anc.

com: from CLGV, derived from AGV {àffu'dúmh} ~cooking chamber~

vuh: {afer-tor}

ipa:    -  - '

en: <establish>, <found>

pos: v.

  vuh: {aferal(-~|ik)}

  en: <established>, <founded>

  pos: adj.

  vuh: {afersu}

  en: <founder> (establisher)

  pos: n.

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {aferteraya}

  en: <corporation>

vuh: {afsakau}

en: <declare>, <proclaim>

  vuh: {afsakaya}

  en: <declaration>, <proclamation>

vuh: {agreibau}

en: <torture>

pos: v.

  vuh: {agreibaya}

  en: <torture>

  pos: n.

vuh: {ahahr-tukh}

en: <rhenium>

vuh: {ahkh}

ipa:   ' ,

tag: anc., borr.

en: <war>

pos: n.

com: from anc. non-Golic

  vuh: {ahkh-pidsu}

  en: <warlord>

  vuh: {ahkh-zhagralar}

  en: <wargames>

  vuh: {ahkhan}

  ipa:  ' - '  ,   -

  en: <warfare>

 vuh: {ahkhinahru}

 ipa: ' -  - '  -  ,  -

 tag: anc.

  en: ancient battlefield <psionic warrior>

  vuh: {ahkhsu}

  ipa:  ' ' -  ,  '  -

  en: <warrior>

  lit: <war><person>

vuh: {ahklavau}

en: <reveal>

  vuh: {ahklavaya}

  en: <revelation>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {ahl-tukh}

en: <iridium>

vuh: {ahm}

ipa:   ' ,

en: <name>

pos: n.

com: from CLGV and AGV

ex: {Svi'ahm t'Surak ra..} ~What in Surak's name?!?~

  ["In-name of-Surak what!!!"]

  vuh: {ahmau} (TGV); {ahm-tor} (MGV)

  ipa:   ' - '  ,  -

  en: <name>

  pos: v.

  com: assumed TGV for {ahmau} from FSE-GV to avoid inconsistency

  vuh: {ahmaya}

  en: <naming>

  pos: n.

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {ahm-kov}

  en: <gravestone>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {ahm-rubah}

  en: <name change>

  pos: n.

  vuh: {ahm-van-kal}

  en: <naming ceremony>

vuh: {ahn-vahr}

ipa:   ' - ' ' ,  - '

tag: anc.

en: <suicide dagger>

vuh: {ahn-wun}

ipa:   ' - '  ,  -

tag: anc.

en: {ahn-wun}, <"ahn-woon">

com: traditional melee weapon with leather-strips, often with

  weighted ends of metal balls

vuh: {ahn-zhel}

en: <sling>

pos: n.

def: FSE-GV

com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {ahps}

en: <apse>

def: FSE-GV

com: "Vulcanized" Terran word; not in GV-FSE

vuh: {ahs}

ipa:   ' ,

en: <jaw>

pos: n.

  vuh: {ahs-zehl}

  en: <jawline>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {Aht'lahntik Masutra}

en: <Atlantic Ocean>

vuh: {aid}

en: <contentment>

  vuh: {aidihn(-)}

  ipa:   '  -

  en: <contented>

  pos: adj.

vuh: {aifa}

ipa:   '  -

en: <these>

vuh: {aikum}

ipa:   '  -

en: <moon>

pos: n.

  vuh: {aikum-ek'duv}

  en: <lunar eclipse>

  vuh: {aikum-ha'gel}

  en: <moonlight>

  vuh: {aikum-shen}

  en: <moonrise>

  vuh: {aikum-solek}

  en: <lunar regolith>

  vuh: {aikum-tal}

  en: <selenology>

  vuh: {aikum-tevan}

  en: <moonset>

vuh: {ailin-tukh}

en: <gabbro>

vuh: {ain}

en: <garment>

vuh: {aisha}

ipa:   '  -

en: <cause>

pos: v.

  vuh: {aishan}

  ipa:    - '

  en: <cause>

  pos: n.

  ex: >Nam-tor aishan hiyet.< ~“The cause is enough.”~

    ("To-be cause enough."; attributed to Surak commenting on

    the emotional display of one of his followers)

    vuh: {aishan-tal}

    en: <etiology>

    def: FSE-GV

    com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {aitlu}

ipa:    - '

en: <desire>, <want>

pos: v.

  vuh: {aitlun}

  ipa:    - '

  en: <desire>, <want>

  pos: n.

vuh: {ak('~)}

en: <soon>

vuh: {ak'spra}

ipa:  '  -

en: <heretic>, <unorthodox believer>

tag: NGS

  vuh: {ak'spra'es}

  en: <heresy>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

  vuh: {ak'sprali}

  en: <heretical>

  def: FSE-GV

  com: not in GV-FSE

vuh: {ak'wik}

ipa:    - '

en: <surprised>

pos: adj.

  vuh: {ak'wikman}

  en: <surprise>

  pos: v.

  tag: anc.

  com: FSE-GV has {ak'wikmun}