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# Modern Golic Vulcan (MGV):Federation Standard English (FSE)

#

# Compiled from the website of the Vulcan Language Institute,

# archived at <http://wayback.archive.org/web/20130523003447/

# http://www.stogeek.com/wiki/Category:Vulcan_Language_Institute>.

# (/Travilal s'vis-tum-vel t'Shi'Oren t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu,

# oskalan na'<http://wayback.archive.org/web/20130523003447/

# http://www.stogeek.com/wiki/Category:Vulcan_Language_Institute>./)

#

# Two inconsistencies have been found in the received data:

# (/Ki'tal-tor goh dah lafosh svi'faik poprahik:/)

#

# 1. /pekhaya/ both for “stop” {n.} and related terms in

#    “Introduction to Vulcan Linguistics” (/fa-wak pehkau/

#    “will stop”), “Introduction to Golic Vulcan Grammar”

#    (/ulef-pekhaya/ “half-stop”, but /ek'pe*kh*aya/ “full-stop”),

#    and “Vulcan Language Lesson” 2, 3, 25, 27, and 29;

#    and also for “defecation” and related terms in “Vulcan Medical

#    Lexicon”.

#    Since it is both illogical that the same meaning should have

#    different word roots, and that the same word or word root

#    should have several meanings in Golic Vulcan[1] — for example,

#    how can /pekhaya/ mean “defecation” [“to-defecate-noun”] and

#    /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ “respiratory arrest” [“around-gasses-stop”]

#    at the same time?  How can there be /khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya/

#    “cardiac arrest” [“blood-pump-stop-noun”], but

#    /pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya/ “respiratory arrest” at the same time? —,

#    it is assumed that there were errors in transcription or

#    subspace transmission, and that the word root /pehk/ uniformly

#    refers to stopping (as in /pehkau/ “to stop”, /ek'pe_hk_aya/

#    “full-stop”, and /pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya/ “respiratory arrest”),

#    while the word root /pekh/ uniformly refers to concepts related

#    to defecation (as in /pe_kh_aya/ “defecation” and /pekh-razh/

#    “anus” [“feces-exit”]).

# [/1. Dah-wak-isan t'/pekhaya/ na'>stop< |v-zh.| heh tersau-zhitlar

#    svi'°Ragtaya na'Gen-Lis-Tal Vuhlkansu° | /fa-wak pehkau/

#    >will stop< | - svi'°Ragtaya na'Zhit-Isan t'Gol-Vuhlkansu°

#    | /ulef-pekhaya/ >half-stop< - hi /ek'pe*kh*aya/ >full-stop< |

#    eh svi'°Tupa t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu° 2 - 3 - 25 - 27 heh 29 -

#    eh na'>defecation< heh tersau-zhitlar svi'°Vulcan Medical

#    Lexicon°.

#    Kupi ki'ka-stariben natya-zhit-shidlar heh stariben weh-lo'uk

#    ka-zhit il ka-nen-zhit svi'Gol-Vuhlkansu ri-ozhik[1] –

#    na'li-fal - kup-stariben /pekhaya/ >defecation< | vel-zhit

#    t'>to defecate< | eh /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ >respiratory arrest<

#    | >around-gasses-stop< | na'ka-wak uf - kup tra'nam-tor

#    /khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya/ >cardiac arrest< | vel-zhit

#    t'>blood-pump-stop< | - hi /pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya/ >respiratory arrest<

#    na'ka-wak uf – vesht tor-yehat lafoshlar svi'zukitan-sasaya

#    il svi'ne-stukh-sasaya heh tersau nen-zhit /pehk/

#    na'>stopping< | vah na'/pehkau/ >to stop<, /ek'pe_hk_aya/

#    >full-stop< heh /pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya/ >respiratory arrest< |

#    ek'shidoraya - tersau nen-zhit /pekh/ ek'shidoraya na'vellar

#    t'pekhaya | vah svi'/pe_kh_aya/ >defecation< heh svi'/pekh-razh/

#    “anus” || >feces-exit< || |./]

#

# 2. As word for “symbol”, /sehtebihk/ in “Vulcan Language Lesson 6:

#    Punctuation”, /setebihk/ in “Example Phrases (VLI)”, and

#    /setebuhk/ in “Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies”.  The first is

#    the form substantiated by the historical documents (“Star Trek:

#    The Motion Picture”) and therefore considered the correct one.

#    It is assumed that the i/u-difference occurred from the

#    neighboring positions of the keys for the letters “u” and “i”

#    on computer keyboards, and that /setebihk/ is misspelt.

# [/2. Na'zhit t'>symbol< - /sehtebihk/ svi'°Gen-lis Vuhlkansu Tupa 6 -

#    Pehkamitaya° - /setebihk/ svi'°Li-Falik Zhit-Ballar° heh

#    /setebuhk/ svi'°Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies°.  Vesht tal-tor

#    wuhr-shid svi'vesht-varik-faik | °Star Trek: The Motion Picture° | -

#    tal-tor vah yeht-veh.  Vesht tor-yehat i/u-natyan s'be'shul

#    t'ozh-svinlar t'zhit-sehtebihk >u< eh >i< fi'ozh-svin-math

#    t'tum-vel heh ri yeht-nazhitovaun /setebihk/./]

#

# [1] /Na'natya-is - natya-shid./ “For different use, a different

#     form.”  —Tenek of Shi'Han (famous ancient Golic grammarian)

#

# Entries in this dictionary are of the following form:

#

#   original (optional part):translation (optional part) {word form} {context} [comment]

#     ex=…

##

## Any line that starts with “#” is a comment, and MAY

## be displayed by software as an introduction to the user

## (paragraph formatting SHOULD be used), unless it is followed by

## another “#” (like here) in which case it is documentation only

## for implementors and MUST NOT be displayed by software.

## (/Palikau zehl k'>#< comment heh gluvaun lerash-tukh /)

#

# Entries are indented to signify derivation, so that software

# can mark common word-roots.  The optional part of the original

# may contain affixes that can be omitted, or give an abbreviation.

## Entries starting with “ex=” signify examples and SHOULD

## be formatted accordingly.

#

# The translation may use /…/ (italics) to indicate that the original

# cannot be translated (e.g., proper names); however, it can indicate

# an alternative transcription that is more common in the target

# language.  The word-form is indicated with one of the abbreviations

# below in case of ambiguity.  The context part indicates in which

# contexts and meanings the original may or should be used.

# Finally, the comment part describes the etymology of the original,

# indicates word relations (whereas same-language words, that SHOULD

# be possible to find in the dictionary, are indicated with /…/

# [italics]), provides background information or gives general usage

# advice.

##

## Translation software MUST consider the optional part of the

## original, both in combination and standalone; they SHOULD display

## the word-form, context, and comment parts of the translation with

## increasing verbosity, in that order.

#

# Golic Vulcan languages are affixing and compound languages;

# it is not logical to sort entries only alphabetically.  Instead,

# entries are sorted with the following precedence:

#

# 1. main context: /aushfa/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/

#    (not: /masu/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/)

# 2. root relation: /halovau/ – /hal-tor/ (not: /tor/ – /hal-tor/)

# 3. uses in combination: /le-suma/ – /dvunan-koval k'le-suma/

# 4. modifying suffixes: /pakh/ – /pakhaik/, /falek/ – /falek'es/

# 5. modifying prefixes: /ar'kadan/ – /fi'ar'kadan/

# 6. combining suffixes (based on main root): /ashiv/ – /ashiv-tor/,

#    /ayaun-sahriv/ < /ayaun-abu-yumaya/ (the main roots are

#    /sahriv/ and /yumaya/; not /sahriv/ and /abu/)

# 7. combining prefixes (based on main root): /dap/ – /reh-dap/

#

# Only when all applying superordered criteria are the same,

# entries are sorted by the FSE alphabet (not the MGV alphabet,

# in order to help learners.)

#

# The following abbreviations have been used:

#

# adj.     – adjective, adjectival

# aero.    – aerospace

# agr.     – agriculture, agricultural; related to planting

# anat.    – anatomy, anatomical; related to body structure

# anc.     – ancient (word), from before Surak’s language reforms;

#            probably with irr. verb-forms

# anorg.   – anorganic; not related to life forms

# auto.    – automotive

# biol.    – biology, biologic; related to life forms

# borr.    – borrowed word

# bot.     – botany, botanical; related to plant life

# card.    – cardinal form (of a number); for counting up and when

#            used like a noun

# colloq.  – colloquial; used in informal, non-scientific speech

# enum.    – enumerating form (of a number); for counting how many

#            items there are

# e.g.     – /exempli gratia/: Latin for "for example"

# etc.     – /et cetera/: Latin for "and so forth/on"

# ex.      – example

# fig.     – figuratively (vs. lit.); e.g., "field" can lit. mean

#            "place where crops grow", fig. "area of study", or

#            fig. a math. structure (like "Galois field") or

#            a physical structure or technology (like "warp field")

# ger.     – gerund (form); verb form to describe what happens now

# geo.     – related to geosciences

# geol.    – geology, geologic; related to stones and minerals

# gr.      – grammar, grammatical; grammatical term

# hon.     – honorific (form); preferred, polite form

# i.e.     – /id est/: Latin for "it is", meaning "that is"

# imp.     – imperative (form); used for commands and invocations

# irr.     – irregular (verb; vs. reg.)

# lit.     – literally (vs. fig.)

# math.    – mathematics, mathematically

# med.     – medicine, medical

# myth.    – mythology, mythologic

# n.       – noun; word for a thing or being

# naut.    – nautical; related to motion in seafaring tradition

# obs.     – obsolete (word); use the synonymous contemporary word

#            for everyday, non-ceremonial use instead (e.g., /wak/

#            instead of /farr/ for "time"; but: /kari farr/,

#            /pon farr/ etc.)

# ocean.   – oceanography, oceanographic

# ord.     – ordinal form (of a number): 1st, 2nd etc.

# pl.      – plural (form)

# reg.     – regular (verb; vs. irr.)

# sing.    – singular (form)

# standal. – standal. (form)

# tech.    – technology, technologic

# v.       – verb; word for doing something

# vs.      – /versus/ Latin for "as opposed to", "as compared to"

# zool.    – zoology, zoologic; related to animal life forms

~al:(regular strong verb, past form)

~au:(regular strong verb)

~aya:(reg. strong verb-based noun)

~ik:(standalone adj. form)

~lar:(plural form, except with numbers)

~n|~an|~yan:(gerund)

~'uh:{imp.}

  ex=Kal'uh nash-veh..:Let me! [from /kal-tor/]

  ex=Vasha'uh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship! [from /vashau/]

  ex=Tu'ash'uh svep..:Open the door! [from /tu'ash/]

~'voh:(imp. hon.)

  ex=Kal'voh nash-veh..:Let me!

  ex=Vasha'voh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship!

  ex=Tu'ash'voh svep..:Open the door!

~-kam:dear ~ (affection)

a'gal:proton|positron ["positive-?"]

  a'gal-lushun:proton torpedo ["proton-?"]

  tehn-a'gal:antiproton ["anti-proton"]

a'rak(-~|ik):positive (polarity) ~ {adj.} {anc.} [from in CLGV, "good-direction" in AGV]

  # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /vihish/]

  raf-a'rak(-):electropositive ["?-positive"]

aal:?

abi'~:until ~ {prep.}

abu(-~):up~|upward~

  abuli(-~|ik):vertical {adj.}

  abunaf:uplink {n.} {aero.}

  kahr-abu:zenit (directly up) ["?-up"]

  abrashau:(to) pick up

    ex=Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf.:The angry Cardassian picks up the small box from the desk.

  abru'~:above|over ~

  abru(-~):above~|over~

    abrupik:dominant (adj.; biol.)

      abrupik'es:dominance ["dominant-noun"; inferred]

        ul-abrupik'es:partial dominance {zool.} ["partial-dominant-noun"]

achut:brush {n.} [inferred]

  puyan-achut:cleaning brush [see /puyek/]

ahkh:war {borr.}

ahm:name

  ex=Svi'ahm t'Surak ra..:What in Surak's name?!? ["In-name of-Surak what!!!"]

ahn-wun:/ahn-wun/ (traditional melee weapon with leather-strips and metal balls at the ends; anc.) [also transcribed /ahn-woon/]

nuk-ahs|-hinek|:mandible {ocean.}

aifa:these

aitlu:(to) desire [irr. strong v.]

  ex=Aitlu Sonok yokul sash-savas.:Sonok wants to eat /sash-savas/.

  ex=Aitlu T'Luki foshuhl rasath.:T'Luki wants to lose weight.

  ex=Aitlu nash-veh hal-tor.:I want to go. ["Wants this-one to-go."]

  ex=Aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave. ["Wants this-one to-leave"]

  ex=Aitlu tu nash-gad nuh'irak hal-tor.:You want to go too far today. ["Want you today too-far to-go."]

  aitlun:desire {n.}

  aitluyan:desiring

ak'~:soon ~

  ex=Vun ak'hal-tor sa-veh.:He must go soon. ["Must soon-go he."]

  ex=Ri dotor au ak'hal-tor na'Terra.:They are not planning to go to Earth soon. ["Not plan they soon-go to-Earth."]

  ak'wikman:surprising

akan:alien

  akansu:alien {n.}

akarshif:a long time

akhlami:among us

akteibuhl:attainment

aluk:fish {n.}

Andorsu:Andorian

ar'kada:(to) work ["?-same-rotation"?]

  ar'kada-has:occupational disease {med.}

  ar'kada-pthak|zup-pthak:ergophobia ["work-?"]

  ar'kadan:work (n.) ["?-same-rotation"?]

  fi'ar'kadan:working|at work

    ex=Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan.:Sonok and T'Luki are working.

arev:desert wind {?GV} [from ST:ENT "The Forge"]

asal:morning

  # asal-yem:[see /yem/]

ash'ai:sock

ash'el:shoe

ashau:(to) love

ashiv:repeat|repetition {n.}

  k'ashiv:often ["with-repetition"]

  va'ashiv:again

  wuh'ashiv:another ["one-repetition"]

  ashiv-tor:(to) repeat

    ashivan:repeating

ask'er:soldier {borr.}

au:they|them

  oau:they|them [about superiors or honored persons, "honored they/them"]

  t'au:their|theirs ["of-them"]

aushfa:animal {n.}

  aushfamaluhr:animalic {adj.}

  falek'es-tash-aushfa:bomeotherm {n.} {ocean.} ["temperature-control-animal"]

  lesek-mal-aushfa:arthropod {biol.} ["joint-leg-animal"]

  spahk-mal-aushfa:crustacean {biol.} ["claw-leg-animal"]

  wehk-mal-aushfa:myriapod {biol.} ["many-leg-animal"]

  ulef-masu-aushfa:amphibian {n.} ["half-water-animal"]

avon:hunger {n.}

  k'avon:hungry ["with-hunger"]

    ex=Sa-kan k'avon hi ko-kan rik'avon.:The boy is hungry but the girl is full.

    ex=k'le-matya k'avon:with the hungry /le-matya/

    ex=Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag.:The Rigellians are hungry and thirsty.

  rik'avon:full (no longer hungry) ["without-hunger"]

ayau:(to) tilt [inferred]

  ayaun(-~|ik):tilted [inferred]

    ayaun-sahriv:Tilted storm

    ayaun-abu-yumaya:Tilted updraft

    # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]

    # u'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]

ba-tak:tradition (anc., borr.)

  baik:traditional (standal. adj.)

  ba-~:traditional ~

    Ba-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Traditional Golic Vulcan (language)

    Ba-Golik:Traditional Golic

bali(-~):thick

  # bali le-suma-marshak:heavy floe ["thick ?-?-?"; see /le-suma-marshak/]

  bali-bru-nosh:pachycheilia {med.} ["thick-?-?"]

  bali-fekik:pachycaul {biol.} ["thick-?"]

  bali-wadi-nosh:pachyderma ["thick-?-?"]

balkra:/balkra/ (a type of aromatic casserole) {anc.}

bai'~:by means of|through|via {obs.} [see /fna'/]

bai-lon-tak:?

bar-kas:spice {n.}

batai:sturdy {anc.} [Batai was the name of Kamin's sturdy son in Ressik province on another planet; see TNG "The Inner Light"]

be'~:beside|by|near|next to|very close to ~

  behsu:neighbor {n.} ["next-to person"]

  betau:(to) approach [reg. strong v.]

    ex=Betau nesh-kur sehlat mol-kur svai svi'ne-yartra.:The black /sehlat/ approaches the magenta flower in the meadow.

    betaun:approaching

    betaya:approach {n.}

Beidzhorsu:Bajoran {n.}

  beidzhorsu:Bajoran {adj.}

    ex=shi'kwai beidzhorsu:Bajoran wilderness ["wilderness Bajoran"]

Beituh'zedsu:Betazoid

bek-tor:(to) wait

  la'bek-tor:(to) wait here

    la'bek:here-wait, wait here

Ben:to us (TGV)

  ex=>Ben vahl navun.<:"Grant us success." ["To-us grant success."]

bezhun:eye

  bezhun-masu:tear(s) {n.} ["eye-water"]

bi'~:along ~

bling:?

bolau:need {v.}

  ex=Bolau sa-veh yokul ein-vel.:He needs to eat something. ["Needs he to-eat something"]

  ex=Bolau etek oren-tor uf hash-tor.:We need to learn how to fly. ["Need we to-learn how to-fly."]

  ex=Bolau ish-kan oren-tor nazhu-tor.:That child needs to learn to listen. ["Needs that-child to-learn to-listen."]

buhfik:perfect {adj.}

d'mallu:/D'mallu/ (a type of carnivorous plant) {anc.}

d'oh-:?

  d'ohan:?

da:pebble {n.}

dah:two {enum.}

  ex=Shitau T'Luki nau lipau eh dah ru'lut-sai fi'nef.:T'Luki puts 9 knives and two napkins on the shelf. ["Put T'Luki 9 knife and two napkin on-shelf."]

  dahik:two {adj.}

  dahkuh:two {card.}

  dah'rak:second {ord.} {TGV}

    dahr-~:second {ord.}

  dah-~:two-~|bi-~|di~|double-~

  dah-wak:twice ["two-times"]

dakh:(to) cast out

  ex=>Dakh orfikkel aushfamaluhr shaukaush fi'aifa mazhiv.<:"Our ancestors cast out their animal passions here on these sands." ["Cast-out ancestors animal passion(s) on-these sands."]

dal:?

  dal-nath:?

da-tor:(to) rotate

  dan:rotation

    dayan:rotating

    danau:(to) explain ["rotate (knowledge) around"; reg. strong v.]

      ex=Danau Sonok lof na'T'Luki.:Sonok explains the purpose to T'Luki.

      danaun:explaining

      danaya:explanation

dan-~:~est|most ~ (superlative)

  ex=Sehlat t'Soval dan-suk t'elkhrul-shal.:Soval's /sehlat/ is the biggest of the whole area. ["/Sehlat/ of-Soval most-big of-whole-area."]

  ex=Skladan t'ko-veh na'spanakhat dan-yauluhk t'ek.:Her message for the government is the most important of all. ["Message of-female-one for-government most-important of-all."]

dap:spot

  dap-lan-pa:/dap-lan-pa/ (children's game) {anc.} ["spot-?-?"]

  reh-dap:three-spots ("∴") ["three-spot"; used as "etc." is used in FSE]

    ex=Bolau mahr-tor Spolk dunaplar - dun - neshuk ∴:Spolk needs to buy books, paper, ink, etc.

daya:?

Deltasu:Deltan

di'kizh:?

dif-tor:(to) live (a) long (time)

  Dif-tor heh smusma.:Live long and prosper.

    ex=>Dif-tor heh smusma - Spohkh.<:"Live long and prosper, Spock." ["To-live-long and to-prosper, Spock."]

dohn:board|plank {n.}

do:than

  ex=Soval weh-suk do Stola.:Soval is bigger than Stola. ["Soval more-big than Stola."]

  ex=Skladan t'nash-veh na'ko-veh weh-yauluhk do t'du.:My message for her is more important than yours. ["Message of-this-one for-female-one more-important than of-you."]

  ex=Kelek t'Soval weh-suk do dan-suk t'besular.:Soval's house is bigger than the biggest house of his neighbors. ["House of-Soval more-big than most-big of-neighbors."]

dom:so

  ex=>Dom - ki'sarlah.<:"So, it has come." ["So, (it) has-come."]

dor:honor

  dor-~:honorable ~

    dorli:honorable

  dorlan:honorific {n.}

  ridor-~:dishonorable ~

    ridorli:dishonorable

du|tu:you {sing.} [/du/ when alone or after consonant, /tu/ otherwise]

  Qual se tu.:Is it you? {anc.}

  odu:you ["honored you-singular"; to a superior or honored person]

  dular|tular:you {pl.} [/dular/ when alone or after a consonant, /tular/ otherwise]

    odular:you ["honored you-plural"; to superiors or honored persons]

    t'dular:your|yours {pl.}

  t'du:your|yours {sing.}

    ex=Yokul nash-veh yarmok t'du.:I eat your salad. ["Eat this-one salad of-you."]

du':while|during

dun:paper

  dunap:book

dungi(-~):will {v.}|(future form)

  ex=dungi kal-tor:will let [weak verb, /dungi/ not affixed]

  ex=dungi-palikau:will ~ [strong verb, /dungi/ affixed]

  ex=Dungi-trasha etek.:They will leave.

  ex=Dungi etek trasha.:*They* will leave. [different shades of meaning or emphasis]

  ex=>Dungi tu sahrafel?<:"Will you trust (me)?" ["Will you trust?"; /ha/ is omitted in future tense]

  ex=Dungi hal-tor du wilat.:Where will you go? ["Will go you where."]

  ex=Dungi gla-tor etek ha'gel.:We will see the light. ["Will see we light."]

  ex=Dungi nem-tor T'Luki yon-kur dunap.:T'Luki will take the yellow book.

  ex=Dungi-yokul Sonok yarmok.:Sonok will eat the salad.

  ex=Dungi stron-tor kushel s'kraisek.:The bird will escape from the cage.

  ex=Dungi nashiv-tor le-matyalar kuht t'sehlat t'au.:The /le-matyas/ will attack their herd of /sehlats/. ["Will attack /le-matyas/ herd of-/sehlat/ of-them."]

  ex=Dungi tal-tor ko-kan tal-muv heh klachek fi'pasu.:The girl will find the key and the lock on the table.

  ex=Dungi fas-tor sa-kan khi-gad-yem heh leipau kap.:The boy will cook the lunch and bake the bread.

  ex=Dungi hal-tor Sonok na'kahr.:Sonok will go to the town.|Will Sonok go to the town?

  ex=Dungi hash-tor T'Luki shan-hali vi'stukh.:T'Luki will fly the shuttle to outer space.

  ex=Dungi-halovau au na'Shi'Kahr klepovau.:They will travel to Shi'Kahr for shopping.

  ex=Dungi-yaretau tomasular t'du eshikh.:Your relatives will visit the desert.

  ex=Dungi-yokul du aru-yem.:You will eat the dinner.

  ex=Dungi gla-tor au wuh'rak yel t'khru wilat.:Where will they see the first star of the evening? ["Will see they first star of-evening where."]

dukal:ball {n.}

dva:belief

dvel-tor:(to) choose

  dvelek:selector [inferred]

    glashau-nuk-dvelek:scan mode selector {tech.} ["?-low-selector"]

dvin-tor:(to) serve

  ex=Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar.:T'Luki serves grass-vegetables and orange fruits.

  dvinsu:servant

  dvintra:service

    kef-has-dvintra |KHD|:Emergency medical service (EMS)

  kadvin:commission {naut.} ["same-service"]

    s'kadvin:out of commission

    sakadvin-tor:(to) decommission

      sakadvin:decommissioning {n.}

dvun:move(ment) {n.}|motion {n.}|moving {ger.}

  dvunel:motion {biol.}

    dvunel-eik'es:range of motion {med.} ["motion-?"]

    dvunel-has-mar:kinetosis {med.} ["motion-medical-?"]

    na-dvunel:adduction {med.} ["?-motion"]

    sa-dvunel:abduction {med.} ["away-from-motion"]

  khardvun:?

    abunuhal-khardvun:pitch maneuver {n.} ["pitch-?"]

      tereragel-abunuhal-khardvun:rendezvous pitch maneuver {n.} ["?-pitch-?"]

dzharel:/Dzharel/ small, horned, horse-like animal (extinct) {borr.} [/jarel/ in some other Vulcan languages]

dzhelu:?

Dzhem-Hadaru:Jem-Hadar

eef:?

eh|heh:and [/eh/ after vowel, /heh/ when standalone or after consonant]

  sos'eh:perhaps

  hau:(to) add

    haya:addition [inferred]

      hayaik:additional

        ex=hayaik pitohlar:additional notes

      hayat(-~):augmentative (~) {n.}

        hayataya:augmentation [inferred]

          thak-hayataya (MGV) | thask-hayataya (TGV):breast augmentation {med.}

          hayatayek:augmentor {tech.}

        hayat-zhit:augmentative {n.} {gr.} ["augmentative-word"]

eik-~:wide(ly) ~

ein-~:some~

eitau:?

ek:all

  ek'~:all|complete|total|pan-~

    ek'an:maximum {n.}

    ex=:[see /suk/ for ex.]

  elkhrul-~:whole|entire

ek'zer:gem|jewel {anc.} [originally a compound word]

ekkuu-~:planar

  Ekkuu-Gollisk:Planar Golic (Vulcan language)

ekon:(a) god

  Oekon:God, the Supreme Being

esh:breathe

  # esh-tukh:[see /tukh/]

eshikh:desert

esta:touch {n.}

  estuhl:(to) touch [irr. strong v.]

    ex=Estuhl sa-kan aluk.:The boy touches the fish.

    ex=>Estuhl terrupik khaf - Spohkh.<:"It touches your human blood, Spock." ["Touch Terran blood, Spock."]

    estuhlan:touching

etek:we|us (normal mode)

  t'etek:our|ours ["of-us"]

  etwel:us (formal mode)

    oetwel:we|us [when spoken by superiors about themselves, literally "honored we/us"]

    k'etwel:with us

      ex=:[see /tah/ for ex.]

    s'etwel:from us

fa':before|in front of

  fa(-)~:fore~|front-~|frontal ~|anterior ~|bow(-)~ {naut.}

    fa-wak:future ["fore-time"]

      fa-wak glansu:prophet ["future sight-person"; see /glan/]

        ofa-wak glansu:The Prophet {hon.}

      nenik fa-wak-wis:simple future (tense) ["simple future-tense"]

    faterek:prefix

fah-yat:?

fai-tukh:knowledge

  faik:data [inferred from /faik-vistra/]

    # faik-vistra:[see /vistra/]

faka:hernia {n.}

fal(-~):hot ~

  falek:heat ["hot-all"]

    ex=Nam-tor falek be'yon.:It is warm by the fire. ["Be heat by-fire."]

    falek'es:temperature ["hot-all-noun"]

  fal-tor:(to) rejoin ["hot-to-do"]

    fal-tor-pan:refusion {anc.} [ceremony to rejoin the body and katra]

falun:charge {n.} {elect.}

  falun-krus:ion ["charge-?"]

    saya-kapol t'falun-krus:ion radiation filter ["?-? of-charge-?"]

    falun-krus-tel:ionic bond {geol.} ["charge-?-?"]

    falun-krus-tukh:electrolyte {med.} ["charge-?-stuff"]

    falun-krus-yeturek:ion drive ["charge-?-?"]

    a'rak-falun-krus:cation ["positive-charge-?"]

    vukh-masu-rubaisu (s'fezhal-falun-kruslar):osmoconformer ["?-water-? (from-?-charge-? {pl.})"]

    vukh-masu-pakhartausu (s'fezhal-falun-kruslar):osmoregulator ["?-water-? (from-?-charge-? {pl.})"]

  falun-shetaya:ionization ["charge-?"]

  falun-tersal-el'mish:charge coupled device (CCD) ["charge-?-?"]

  a'rak-falun:positive charge {sci.} ["positive-charge"]

  shi-raf-falun:electrostatic charge {meteo.} ["place-?-charge"]

  u'rak-falun:negative charge {sci.} ["negative-charge"]

fan-~:any~

  fan-vel:anything ["any-thing"]

  # fan-yokulsu:[see /yokulsu/]

  # hai-fan-wan:[see /fan-wan/]

  # hai-fan-wan:[see /wan/]

farr:time (anc., obs.) [only used poetically in Golic Vulcan]

fas-tor:(to) cook

  ex=Fas-tor opilsu steh natya sazh.:The chef cooks 7 different vegetables. ["Cook chef 7 different vegetable."]

fasei:this (here)

fe-~:pre-~|ante-~

feihan:?

fereik:(to) create|invent [inferred]

  fereiksu:creator|inventor

    Ofereiksu:the Creator [deity]

ferek:generator

  vunai-ferek t'wel-raf-tepul (VFWRT):neuro-electric field generator ["field-generator of-?-?-?"]

    leshanik fosh-vunai-ferek (LFVF):portable force field generator ["? ?-field-?"]

    wak-vunai-ferek (WVF):temporal field generator ["time-field-?"]

    sakwitayek-vunai-ferek (SVF):deflector field generator ["?-field-?"]

fi'~:on|atop|upon ~

fihdd:?

floku:spoon

fmak:?

fna'~:through|via|due to

fna-~:through(-~)|thorough~

fnash:sweep

  fnashtau:(to) sweep

    ex=Fnashtau T'Luki lan-tol.:T'Luki sweeps the floor.

  fnash-vel:broom ["sweep-thing"]

fnau-~:tame ~

fnesh:?

fnu-ven:hatred {anc.}

fo:shell {anc.}

  fosha:shedding

    foshuhl:(to) shed [irr. strong v.]

      foshuhlan:shedding

fonn(-~):loyal

  fonn'es:loyalty

fulag:lead {n.} [as in a race]

  fu-~:proto-~ {sci.}|before|leading ~

  fulag-tor:(to) lead

    fulagan:leading

gad:day [inferred]

  ek'gad:all day

  nash-gad:today ["this-day"]

    ex=Nash-gad Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan svi'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki are working in the field today.

  fa-gad:tomorrow

gahkk:?

gahv-~:purple ~

  gahv-kur:purple

galu-sayuk:radioactive

gehnli:essential

gen-lis:language

  gen-lis-tal:linguistics ["language-study"]

gish:(to) expect

  ex=Gish etek fa-gad lasha.:They expect to arrive tomorrow. ["Expect they tomorrow to-arrive."]

  ex=>Gishen worla ihk-banut.<:"He's never what I expect." ["What-is-expected never the-one-of-which-is-spoken."]

gla-tor:(to) see

  ex=Vesht gla-tor Sonok kus-vakh - dunap - ha'fek heh math.:Sonok saw a bell, book, candle and plate.

  ex=Vesht gla-tor nash-veh sehlat na'svep.:I saw a sehlat at the door. ["Saw this-one sehlat at-door."]

  gla-~:optical {tech.}

  glan:sight

    glan-fam-~:blind ~ ["sight-without"]

      glan-fam'es:blindness {med.}

      glan-famik:blind

    # fa-wak glansu:[see /fa-wak/]

    glantau:(to) watch

      ex=Glantal Stonn tevyan-morlar taman svi'salan.:Stonn watched the falling leaves dancing in the wind. ["Watched Stonn falling-leaves dancing in-wind."]

      toglantau:(to) witness

  glayan:seeing

  mathra-glayek:disk camera

    glayek-el'torausu:cameraman|camera operator

  raf-glayek:electric eye

glozho:elixir {anc.}

gluder:depth

  glu-masu-shal:benthic zone ["deep-water-zone"]

  glu-masu-tin t'suk'muzh:hypolimnion ["deep-water-layer of-lake"]

gluvau:(to) display [inferred]

  (gluvau-)math:panel (display) ["(display-)board"]

  per-gluvaya:play (n.; performance of drama or comedy, etc.)

  ne-torektra t'snazh-gluvaya:plasma display subsystem ["sub-? of-?-display"]

  gluvayek:display|monitor (viewscreen) {n.}

    nel-gluvayek:main viewer {tech.}

    su-shi-gluvayek:personnel locator display ["person-place-display"]

    tum-vel-gluvayek:computer display ["tally(ing)-thing-display"; see /tum-vel/]

    gluvayek t'saga-glanum-mathralar (GSGM):Digital Video Disc (DVD) player ["display of-?-?-?"]

gmor:?

gnal:tumor {med.} [inferred]

  gnal-tal:oncology {med.}

  mev-gnal:angioma {med.} ["pipe-tumor"]

  shad-gnal:brain|cerebral tumor {med.} ["brain-tumor"]

  slah-gnal:fibroid tumor ["fiber-tumor"]

  rihinek-gnal:chondroma {med.} ["cartilage-tumor"]

goh:only

Gol-~:Golic

  Gol-Vuhlkansu:Golic Vulcan

  golik:Golic (standalone)

gol'nev:help {n.}

gonaf:button {n.}

Gornarsu:Gorn

gu-vam:duty

guhff:?

guv:gender

  guv-kozauk:gender-specific

    guv-kozauk vel-zhitlar:gender-specific nouns

  riguv:asexual

  wehk-guv:multi-sexual

ha:yes [anc.: "fire"?]

  ex=Olau tu has-bosh ha.:Are you feeling ill? ["Feel you ill yes."]

  ex=Gla-tor du dunap t'Sonok ha.:Do you see Sonok's book? ["See you book of-Sonok yes."]

  ex=Ma sa-kan heh ko-kan san-zhellar ha.:"Do the boy and girl have belts?" ["Have boy and girl belts yes."]

  ex=Yokul kosu yarmok ha.:Does the woman eat salad? ["Eat woman salad yes."]

  ex=Yokul sasu kahm ha.:Does the man eat meat? ["Eat man meat yes."]

  ha'fek:candle(stick) ["fire fully contained"]

  ha'gel:light {n.}

    ha'gel-rubah-dvun:phototaxis {biol.} ["light-change-movement"]

    ha'gel-slah-elakh:fiber-optic cable {tech.}

  ha'kiv:life ["fire of being"?]

    ha-tor:(to) live [also: "burn"?]

      ex=Ha-tor Sonok heh T'Luki svi'pi'kelek svi'suk'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki live in the small house on the big field.

    # ha-guhsh:[see /guhsh/]

    ha-vel:organism ["life-thing"]

    hasu:being {n.}

  haran:Fire Beast {anc.} {myth.}

ha-vol(-~):tall ~

  ex=Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.:The tall Betazoid is blind and the short Vulcan is deaf.

haf:gap {geol.}

  pi'haf:follicle

  sa'haf:bladder {bot.}

    sov-sa'haf:air bladder {biol.}

halovau:(to) travel|journey

  halovausu:traveler ["travel-person"]

  hal-tor:(to) go

    ex=Hal-tor Sonak na'ar'kada.:Sonak is going to work.|Sonak goes to work. ["Goes Sonak to work"; do not use gerund in GV]

    halan:going {ger.}

      ex=Halan na'krani - toglantal T'Pau tevul t'ifis-hali.:Going to the window, T'Pau witnessed the crash of the transport. ["Going to-window, witnessed T'Pau crash of-transport."]

    abunuhal-tor:(to) pitch {aero.}

      abunuhalan:pitch (n.) {aero.}

      ra'abunuhal:pitchover (n.) {aero.}

    ak'hal-tor:(to) go soon

      ak'halan:soon-going

    fabehal-tor:(to) pass|overtake

      fabehalan:pass|passing|overtaking

    mahal-tor:(to) swim [see "masu"]

    nahal-tor:(to) go towards [see "na'"]

      nahalan:going-towards, towards-going

    skahal-tor:(to) get off of|disembark

      ex=Skahal-tor T'Pol shan-hali.:T'Pol gets off the shuttlecraft. ["Get-off T'Pol shuttlecraft."]

      skahalan:getting-off of|disembarkation

    zahal-tor:(to) follow

      ex=Zahal-tor pi'Sonok os nesh-sehlat fna'masupik solai na'fau-yut.:Little Sonok follows the old black /sehlat/ through the wet field to the road.

      zahalan (k'):followed (by)

  halek:wheel {n.}

  hali:ship

    masu-hali:boat ["water-ship"]

    shan-hali:shuttle ["transfer-ship"]

    yel-hali:starship ["star-ship"]

  mashalovau:(to) sail ["water-travel", see /masu/]

    samashalovau:(to) sail away

      samashalovaun:sailing away

        ex=Pehkal kanlar heh glantal masu-hali samashalovaun.:The children stopped and watched the boat sail away. ["Stopped children and watched boat away-sailing."]

      samashalovaya:away-sailing|sailing-away {n.}

harr:?

  dvunel-pi'harr:flagellum ["motion-small-?"]

    dvunel-pi'harr-famik:aflagellar {ocean.} ["motion-small-?-without-adjective"]

has-~:medical ~

  hasuk:medical

  has-bosh(-~):ill|sick ~

hash-tor:(to) fly

  hashkaf:?

    weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage {n.} {aero.} ["?-upper-?"]

      kahla-fishyanik weh-abu-hashkaf:inertial upper stage (IUS) {aero.} ["?-? ?-upper-?"]

      dahshaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage separation {aero.} ["separation of-?-upper-?"]

      vravshaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage failure {aero.} ["failure of-?-upper-?"]

      yonan t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage ignition {aero.} ["fire? of-?-upper-?"]

      yontau-pehkaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage burnout {aero.} ["fire?-stop of-?-upper-?"]

  hashsu:flier|pilot

    ohashsu:ace|expert pilot

hi:but

hif-bi:to me (TGV)

hitra-~:media ~

  Hitra-Zukitan:Media Script (Vulcan writing script)

hizh-~:quiet ~

  hizhuk:quiet

    ex=Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk.:The black sehlat and the blue bird are small and quiet.

hnuh-~:low ~

  Hnuh-Mershahki:Low Mershaki (Vulcan language)

ho-~:ritual {adj.}

hokni'es:consciousness

  ex=>T'Ish hokni'es kwi'shoret --<:"This consciousness calling to you from space …" ["Of-that consciousness from-far-away-calling …"]

huun:?

hutau:(to) shock

  po-hutau:produce an aftershock

    po-hutaya:aftershock

i'~:~ now|at this moment

  ex=I'aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave now. ["Now-wants this-one to-leave."]

  ex=Ri i'aitlu etek trasha.:We do not want to leave now. ["Not now-want we to-leave."]

  ex=I'bolau Soval oren-tor uf hash-tor.:Soval needs to learn how to fly now. ["Now-needs Soval to-learn how to-fly."]

  ex=I'vasha'uh skyem-kushel Rihansu..:Destroy the Romulan bird-of-prey now! ["Now-destroy bird-of-prey Romulan!"]

  i'lasha:(to) arrive now

    i'lashan:now-arrival

  t'i:(as) of now

    ex=>T'I kilko-srashiv kitok-wilat.<:"His answer lies elsewhere." ["(Is) of-now answer(-achievement) elsewhere."]

if:which

  ex=Tishau ko-veh pelal if.:Which robe does she like? ["Like female-one robe which."]

  ex=Tishau weh-rom ash'ailar if.:Which socks do you like better? ["Like better socks which."]

ifis:transportation {n.}

  ifis-hali:transport (vessel)|freighter {n.} ["transport-ship"]

  ifis-tor:(to) transport ["transport to-do"]

igen:sky {n.}

ihk-banut:the one of which is spoken

ihn:?

ikap:(to) close

  ex=Ikap'uh svep..:Close the door!

il:or

  il-eh:and/or

ip-sut:(to) hide [irr. strong v.]

  ex=Ip-sut nesh-kur teresh-kah svi'laptra.:The black /teresh-kah/ bird is hiding in the forest.

  ip-sutan:hiding {ger.}

  ip-sui:hiding {n.}

irak:far

  irak-yet:far enough ["far-driven"]

  nuh'irak:too far

  irak-nahik:telepathic ["far-?"]

is:use {n.}

  is-fam-~:useless

    is-famik:useless

  is-tor:(to) use

    isan:using {ger.}

    neis-tor:(to) use up

      neis:using-up {n.}

  nisan:examination|test

ish-~:that ~

  ish-veh:he|she|it ["that-one"; preferred in MGV]

    ex=>Ish-veh ni komihn.<:"He's so human." ["That-one so human."]

    oish-veh:he|she [about a superior or honored person, "honored that-one"]

    t'ish-veh:its

  isha:also|too

    ex=>Isha nash-veh Vuhlkansu - pontal na'sochya.<:"I too am a Vulcan, bred to peace." ["Also this-one Vulcan, bred for-peace."]

isachya:hair (multiple strands)

iyi-~:modern ~

  iyik:modern

  Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Modern Golic Vulcan (Vulcan language)

  Iyi-Golik:Modern Golic

k'~:with|by ~

  k'kan:pregnant ["with-child"]

    k'kan-wak:pregnancy ["with-child-time"]

k'kvai:through [TGV only, rare]

k'puu:?

k'shatri:foreign

ka(-~):same ~

  ka-ni-fur:/Ka-ni-fur/ (first ritual of maturity) {anc.}

  ka vah:(the) same as

    ex=Nam-tor dvalar t'du ri ka vah t'au.:Your beliefs are not the same as theirs.

ka'athaira:/ka'athyra/ (Vulcan lute)

kai:? ["step"?]

  kaiden:stairs

kar-an-zhi:/Karanji/ (cactus-like plant; anc.) [/ka-ranji/ in other Vulcan languages]

kari-~:strong ~

  kari-tor-zhitlar:strong verbs

kahm:meat {n.}

  # kahm-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]

kahr:town

kal-tor:(to) allow|let

  ex=>Kal-tor palikau.<:"Let it commence." ["Allow to-commence."]

kan:child

  kan-fam:childless

  kanu:children (TGV)

  kanlar:children (MGV)

kanok-~:every~

Kardassu:Cardassian

kap:bread

kashek (MGV):mind {n.}

  kash-naf:mind meld

  kashkau (TGV):minds

    ex=>Kashkau - Spohkh - wuhkuh eh teretuhr.<:"Our minds, one and together." ["Minds, Spock, one and together."]

  mapi-kashek:very small mind [insult]

  ya'akash:(to) ask {anc.}

kast:plant

  kastik:plant (general term)

    # kastik-goh-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]

katau:(to) bring [inferred]

  sakatau:(to) bring out

    sakataya:bringing-out|out-bringing

kau:5 {enum.}|wisdom {anc.}

  ex=Ma tu kau ha'fek.:You have 5 candles. ["Have you 5 candle."]

  kau'rak:5th (TGV)

    kaur-~:5th ~

  kaukuh:5 {card.}

  kauyik:5 {adj.}

kaunshuk:united

ke~:against ~

kef(-~|ik):emergency ~

  kef-ha'kiv-nenikaya (KHN):emergency life support {med.}

    kef-has-dvintra (KHD):emergency medical service (EMS)

      kef-has-dvintrasu (KHDsu):emergency medical technician (EMT)

  kef-fisolekau-malEmergency landing leg

  kef-ifisek:emergency transporter

  kef-kipof-shal:emergency battery room

  kef-tanilau-mev t'igen-pa-tukh:emergency atmospheric gas feed

  kef-thro-svep Emergency hatch

  # kef-tuhlau-vis:emergency containment grid [see /tuhlau/]

  kef-rishan-tsorayek:emergency survival compartment

  kef-tvi-shal:emergency room (ER)

  kefik has-reh-bikuvsu (KHRB):emergency medical hologram (EMH)

  kefik tehn-sesh-kwitek:emergency anti-grav thruster

  keful-tukh:opsonin

    kefulaya:opsonization

  # prah-vel t'kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush intake [see /kluhvau/]

    # kef-kluhvau-krau:emergency flush vent [see /kluhvau/]

keh:four {enum.}

  ex=Dvin-tor sa-kan keh yerak t'shur t'plomik.:The boy serves four bowls of /plomeek/ soup. ["Serve boy four bowl of-soup of-plomik."]

  keh'rak:fourth (TGV)

    kehr:fourth

  kehik:four {adj.}

  kehkuh:four {card.}

kep:gong

kel:building {n.}

  kelek:house

  ha-kel:home ["life-building"; see /ha'kiv/]

kemeskarau:(to) hold against

  kemeskaraya:against-holding {n.}

kenan:understanding

kethra:?

khaf:blood

  khaf-spol:heart ["blood-pump"]

khav-~:brown ~

  khav-kur:brown

kheh:?

khlup:?

khr(a)~:(mild invective) [like "dang", "darn", "damn", "bloody"; *avoid*]

  ex=Ertau khrasehlat nash-veh.:The darn sehlat is bothering me. ["Bothers darn sehlat this-one"]

  ex=Glan-famau khraikum etek..:The damn moon is blinding us! ["Blinds damn moon us!"]

  khrash:violence

    khrash-~:violent ~

      khrashik:violent

        ex=Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh.:The Klingon is violent but the Deltan is peaceful.

  khrikh(a)~:~ (severe invective) [like using scatological words and other vulgarities; *avoid*]

    ex=Stal khrikhale-matya ulef t'dzharellar t'etek..:The @#$%& le-matya killed half of our /jarels/! ["Killed @#$%& le-matya half of-jarels of-us!"]

    ex=Nam-tor khrikhigen-va knuk nash-gad..:The @#$%& weather is lousy today! ["Is @#$%& weather lousy today!"]

khru:evening

khush:?

ki'~:have ~ (perfect past form)

  ex=ki'gla-tor du:you have seen

  ex=ki'tishal etek:we have liked

  ex=Ki'gla-tor du dukal ha.:Have you seen the ball? ["Have seen you ball yes."]

  ex=Ki'gla-tor dular yellar.:You {pl.} saw the stars. ["Have seen you {pl.} stars."]

  ex=Ki'hal-tor Sonok na'kahr.:Sonok has gone to the town.

  ex=Ki'haloval au k'ashiv na'Shi'Kahr klepovau.:They have traveled to Shi'Kahr to shop. ["Have traveled they to-Shi'Kahr to-shop."]

  ex=Ki'yaretal tomasular t'du eshikh.:Your relatives have visited the desert. ["Have visited relatives of-you desert."]

  ex=Ki'yokul du aru-yem ha.:Have you eaten dinner? ["Have eaten you dinner yes."]

  ex=Vesht dungi ki'kital nash-veh.:I would/should have written. ["Would have written this-one."]

ki'haf:basket {anc.} [originally a compound word, see /haf/]

kiht:?

kiit:?

kilko:answer {n.}

  ex=:[see /t'i/]

kin-kur:yellow

  kis-~:jealous

    kiska:jealous

kitau:(to) write [reg. strong v.]

  kital:written (by)

  kitau-fek:pencil

  kitau-skaf:desk

  kitaun:writing

  kitaya:writing {n.}

kitok-~:else~

  kitok-wilat:elsehwhere

klashau:(to) guard

  ex=Klashau sehlat pla-kur svep.:The /sehlat/ is guarding the blue door.

  klachek:lock {n.}

    klacha:(to) lock [irr. strong v.]

      ex=Klacha ko-kan svep.:The boy locks the door.

      klachan:locking

klau-bosh(-~):harmful ~

klepovau:(to) shop

kling:noone|not-one

  ex=>Kling akhlami buhfik - Saavik-kam.<:"Nobody's perfect, Saavik." ["Not-one among-us perfect, Saavik-(affection)."]

kliton:arrow

  nu-kliton:down-arrow (" ˅ ") [used as the asterisk is used in FSE with a bottom-of-the-page note]

kloshah:(to) behave

kluf:boot {n.}

kluhvau:(to) flush [inferred]

  kluhvaya:flush [inferred]

    kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush ["?-flush"; inferred, see /kef/]

      prah-vel t'kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush intake

        kef-kluhvau-krau:emergency flush vent

klu-tor:(to) ram [inferred]

  klun:ramming {ger.} [inferred]

    klunyavush:ramjet ["ramming-jet"; see /vush/]

kluchi:?

ko(-~):female

  ko-kan:girl ["female-child"]

  ko-kozauk:female-specific

  ko-mekh:mother

    oko-mekh:mother ["honored mother"]

  ko-veh:she ["female-one"; TGV]

    t'ko-veh:her|hers

      ex=Nem-tor sa-kan dukal t'ko-veh.:The boy takes her ball.

      ex=Yokul le-matya svailar t'ko-veh.:The /le-matya/ eats her flowers.

  kosu:woman ["female-person"]

    oko(su):lady|madam ["honored woman"]

  ko-telsu:wife

    ex=T'Luki reh'rak ko-telsu t'nash-veh.:T'Luki is my third wife. ["T'Luki third wife of-this-one."]

kobat:weak [from /ko/ "female"?]

  kobat-tor-zhitlar:weak verbs

Kol-Ut-Shan:/Kol-Ut-Shan/ (IDIC symbol) ["?-transfer"]

kolau:(to) shock [inferred]

  kolau-tviyan t'nel'ashayek:replicator memory core ["shock-? of-?"]

  thor'gal-kolau-sayek:thoron shock emitter ["?-shock-?"]

  kolaya:shock {n.} [inferred]

    pid-folau-kolaya:anaphylactic shock ["?-?-shock"]

    kwul-kolaya:concussion ["?-shock"]

    raf-kolaya:electric(al) shock ["?-shock"]

Kolinahr:/Kolinahr/ (rigorous training program at Gol to purge oneself of all emotions) ["?-now-discipline"]

  ex=>Kolinahr – k'kvai'ei ek'zherka t'forti foshuhl<:"Kolinahr: Through which all emotion is finally shed." ["Through-which all-emotion(s) finally shed."]

  Kolinahru:those who have attained /Kolinahr/

komihn:human {adj.}

korsau:(to) conserve [inferred]

  nala-korsau-haf:vacuole ["cell-conserve-bag"]

  korsaya:conservation

    ne-solektra-korsayek:tuber ["sub-?-conserver"]

  korseivel|korseiven:saved

koshtri:race

  ex=>Sha'koshtri korseivel bai'elkhrul-akteibuhl t'Kolinahr.<:"Our race was saved by attainment of Kolinahr." ["Our-own-race saved through-entire-attaining of-Kolinahr."]

kov:rock|stone [Kov was the name of a Vulcan engineer in "Star Trek: Enterprise"]

  ha-guhsh-kov:organic rock {geol.} ["life-debris-rock"; see /ha-gush/]

  ul-kohvik mazhiv-kov:quartzose sandstone {geol.} ["partial-? sand-stone"]

kozauk:specific

kraisek:cage {n.}

krani:window {n.}

kras:paint {n.}

  kras-tor:(to) paint

kreila:?

kres-~:aggressive ~

  kresik:aggressive

krahkra:it is nothing {anc.}

a'rak-vihish-kraulaya:positive pressure ventilation (PPV) ["positive-pressure-?"]

kroikah:[silence?]

krus:part|piece {n.}

ksau:?

ktorr:?

  k'torr:completely lacking {anc.}

    v'tash k'torr:/v'tash k'torr/ ("Vulcans without logic") ["self-control completely-lacking", falsely transcribed /v'tosh ka'tur/; Vulcans who attempt to integrate emotions in their lives]

kuh:?

kuht:herd

  kuht t'sehlat:herd of /sehlats/ ["herd of /sehlat/"]

kum:catch {n.}

  kum-tor:(to) catch

    ex=Kum-tor yon-kur le-matya os teresh-kah fi'yut.:The red /le-matya/ catches the old /teresh-kah/ bird on the path.

    kuman:catching

    kumfa:catcher [animal]

      ravot-kumfa:insect-catcher (small bird) ["insect-catch-animal"]

    kumsu:catcher [person, e.g. in a ballgame]

kun-ut:marriage|bonding

  kun-ut-travek:marriage party

kup:can|(to) be able to {v.}

  ex=Kup kitau nash-veh.:I am able to write. ["Can write this-one."]

  ex=Kup uralau du.:You can/are able to sing. ["Can sing you."]

  ex=Kup hash-tor nash-veh.:I can fly. ["can fly this-one."]

  ex=Kup mahal-tor etek ha.:Are we able to swim? ["Can swim we yes."]

  ex=Kup mavau Sonok heh T'Luki ralash-tanaf.:Sonok and T'Luki are able to play music.

  ex=Kup ip-sut dzharel svi'eshikh.:The /dzharel/ can hide in the desert.

  kupi:could have|would have|should have

    ex=Kupi ki'kital nash-veh.:I could have written. ["Could have written this-one."]

    ex=Kupi ki'yetur nash-veh.:I could have driven.

    ex=Kupi ki'sarlah kanlar t'dular na'ha-kel.:Your {pl.} children could have come home. ["Could have-come children of-you {pl.} to-home."]

    ex=Kupi ki'dvel-tor au wuh'ashiv dunap ha.:Could they have chosen another book? ["Could have-chosen they another book yes."]

    ex=Kupi ki'tam-tor Kardassu ek'gad.:The Cardassian could have danced all day.

  kuv:if

    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kital du kuv ma wak.:You would have written if you had time. ["Would have written you if have time."]

    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kitau ish-veh kuv ma wak.:He/she would have written if he/she had time.

    ex=Vesht dungi ki'yokul ten-mal Sonok kuv tor-yehat.:Sonok would have eaten early if (it had been) possible.

    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kum-tor mor-gril etek kuv vohris.:The /mor-gril/ would have caught us if we had been slow.

  mokuv:ring ["enclosure"; /mo/ may be omitted in compound words]

    vikuvau:encircle|surround

      nuk-vikuvtra:cay|key {ocean.} ["low-?"]

      viikuftra-~:insular ~

        Viikuftra-Golik:Insular Golic (Vulcan language)

kup-~:(to) be able (to) ~

kur:color

  mu-kur-tukh:melanin ["?-color-stuff"]

  sash-kur-tukh:acidic dye ["acidic-color-stuff"]

ku-san:chair

kushel:bird(s)

  skyem-kushel:bird-of-prey

  kus-vakh:bell {n.}

kvai'ei:which

kvesh:?

kwai:wild {n.}

kwi'~:from a distance|from far away

kwi-~:tele~ [rare; see /irak-~/]

la('~):here(-~)

  ex=Gish ko-veh nash-gad la'lasha.:She expects to arrive here today. ["Expects she today here-arrive."]

  lasha:(to) arrive [irr. strong v.]

    ex=Lasha kanlar heh sehlat na'yon-kur svep.:The children and the /sehlat/ arrive at the red door.

    lashan:arrival ["here-transfer"]

    lashayan:arriving {ger.}

la'ash:axe {anc.} [originally a compound word]

lan-tol:floor

lanet:bottom {geo.}

lap:tree

  laptra:forest ["tree-there"]

lau(-~):may|might

  ex=Lau tal-tor nash-veh yut fa-gad.:I might find the way tomorrow. ["Might find this-one way tomorrow."]

le-matya:/Le(-)matya/ (large, venomous desert predator) {anc.}

le-suma:ice {anc.}

  dvunan-koval k'le-suma:rock glacier ["moved-rock? by-ice"]

  (dvun-)le-sumatra:glacier ["moving-ice-there"]

    dvun-le-sumatra t'kunel-nen:piedmont glacier ["moving-ice-there of-?-?"]

    dvun-le-sumatra t'ku-li:valley glacier ["moving-ice-there of-?"]

    hafau-kov s'dvun-le-sumatra:erratic {n.} ["?-rock from-moving-ice-there"]

    razh s'dvun-le-sumatra:kettle {geol.} ["? from-moving-ice-there"]

      razh-suk'muzh s'dvun-le-sumatra:kettle lake {geol.} ["?-big-? from-moving-ice-there"]

    titaya-kunel s'dvun-le-sumatra:delta kame ["?-? from-moving-ice-there"]

    ku-li s'dvun-le-sumatra:glacial valley ["?-? from-moving-ice-there"]

    kim-kov-guhsh s'dvun-le-suma:terminal moraine ["?-rock-debris from-moving-ice-there"]

    pa'ash-guhsh-solek s'dvun-le-suma:ground moraine ["?-?-?-? from-moving-ice-there"]

    vla-kov-guhsh s'dvun-le-suma:lateral moraine {geol.} ["?-rock-debris from-moving-ice-there"]

    rukhaul s'rasath t'dvun-le-sumatra:glacial rebound ["? from-? of-moving-ice-there"]

    wuval-ne'ti-kunlak (t'dvun-le-sumatra):drumlin ["?-below-?-? (of-moving-ice-there)"]

    dvun-le-sumatraik tral:glacier surge ["moving-ice-there-related ?"]

    dvun-le-sumatraik zehl-ulidar:glacial striation ["moving-ice-there-related striation"]

    le-sumatra-salan:glacier wind {meteo.} ["ice-there-wind"]

  le-sumau:(to) freeze

    le-sumalik:frozen {adj.}

      le-sumalik asal-masu:frozen dew ["frozen morning-water"]

      le-sumalik sov-masu:sleet|ice pellets ["frozen ?-water"]

        le-sumalik sov-masu-vikaya:sleet warning ["frozen ?-water-?"]

    le-sumaunik:freezing [inferred]

      le-sumaunik pi'sov-masu:freezing drizzle {meteo.} ["freezing small-?-water"]

      le-sumaunik ihsek:freezing fog {meteo.} ["freezing ?"]

      le-sumaunik sov-masu:freezing rain ["freezing ?-water"]

    le-sumaya:freeze {n.}

      svitan-vel t'le-sumaya:freezing nucleus ["?-thing of-freeze"]

    le-sumau-sfek:freezing point ["freeze-point"]

    le-sumau-vok:freezing level ["freeze-?"]

  le-sumayek:freezer {tech.} ["freeze-all"]

  le-suma-eiktra:ice shelf ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-haki:ice hockey ["ice-hockey"; borr. from FSE]

  le-suma-ihsek:ice fog ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-khush:ice crystal ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-kunel:pingo {geol.} ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-marshak:(ice) floe {ocean.} ["ice-?"]

    bali le-suma-marshak:heavy floe {ocean.} ["thick ice-?"; see /bali/]

  le-suma-luhdin|izh-luhdin:nieve penitente {meteo.} ["?-?|ice-?"]

  le-suma-pal:ice age ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-pasht:icebound {ocean.} ["ice-?"]

  svitan-vel t'le-suma-shidau:ice nucleus {meteo.} ["?-thing of-ice-?"]

  le-suma-sahriv:ice storm ["ice-storm"]

  le-suma-solektra:permafrost ["ice-?"]

  le-suma-tal:glaciology ["ice-study"]

    le-suma-talsu:glaciologist ["ice-study-person"]

  le-suma-teraya:pack ice {ocean.} ["ice-?"]

  (masutraik) le-suma-vel:iceberg ["(water-there) ice-thing"]

    kan t'le-suma-vel:growler {ocean.} ["child of-ice-thing"]

      pi'masutraik le-suma-vellar:bergy bits {ocean.} ["deep-water-there ice-things"]

  le-suma-yontaya:frostbite {med.} ["ice-fire?"]

  le-suma-yutshayek:icebreaker {ocean.} ["ice-?"]

  guhsh-solek (s'dvun-le-suma):till {n.}

  ihsek-le-suma:rime (ice) ["?-ice"]

  iraktra-le-suma:field ice {ocean.} ["?-ice"]

  izh-le-suma:shelf ice {ocean.} ["?-ice"]

  marau-le-suma:drift ice {ocean.} ["?-ice"]

  mashalo-le-suma:sailing ice {ocean.} ["sail-ice"; see /mashalovau/]

  masutra'le-le-suma:fast ice {ocean.} ["?-ice"]

  pa'shi-le-suma:clear ice {meteo.} ["clear-ice"]

  ek'le-suma-wein:glaciation ["all-ice-?"]

  pi'uzh-le-suma:pancake ice {ocean.} ["small-new-ice"]

leh:10 {enum.}

  ex=La leh math.:Here are 10 plates. ["Here 10 plate."]

  leh'rak:10th (TGV)

    lehr-~:10th ~

  lehik:10 {adj.}

  lehkuh:10 {card.}

  leh-wuh:11 (enum., card.)

    ex=Shitau Sonok leh-wuh monek heh sheh floku fi'pasu.:Sonok puts 11 cups and 6 spoons on the table. ["Put Sonok 11 cup and 6 spoon on-table."]