Subversion Repositories LCARS

# Modern Golic Vulcan (MGV):Federation Standard English (FSE)
# 
# Compiled from the website of the Vulcan Language Institute,
# archived at <http://wayback.archive.org/web/20130523003447/
# http://www.stogeek.com/wiki/Category:Vulcan_Language_Institute>.
# (/Travilal s'vis-tum-vel t'Shi'Oren t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu,
# oskalan na'<http://wayback.archive.org/web/20130523003447/
# http://www.stogeek.com/wiki/Category:Vulcan_Language_Institute>./)
# 
# Two inconsistencies have been found in the received data:
# (/Ki'tal-tor goh dah lafosh svi'faik poprahik:/)
# 
# 1. /pekhaya/ both for “stop” (n.) and related terms in
#    “Introduction to Vulcan Linguistics” (/fa-wak pehkau/
#    “will stop”), “Introduction to Golic Vulcan Grammar”
#    (/ulef-pekhaya/ “half-stop”, but /ek'pe*kh*aya/ “full-stop”),
#    and “Vulcan Language Lesson” 2, 3, 25, 27, and 29;
#    and also for “defecation” and related terms in “Vulcan Medical
#    Lexicon”.
#    Since it is both illogical that the same meaning should have
#    different word roots, and that the same word or word root
#    should have several meanings in Golic Vulcan[1] — for example,
#    how can /pekhaya/ mean “defecation” [“to-defecate-noun”] and
#    /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ “respiratory arrest” [“around-gasses-stop”]
#    at the same time?  How can there be /khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya/
#    “cardiac arrest” [“blood-pump-stop-noun”], but
#    /pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya/ “respiratory arrest” at the same time? —,
#    it is assumed that there were errors in transcription or
#    subspace transmission, and that the word root /pehk/ uniformly
#    refers to stopping (as in /pehkau/ “to stop”, /ek'pe_hk_aya/
#    “full-stop”, and /pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya/ “respiratory arrest”),
#    while the word root /pekh/ uniformly refers to concepts related
#    to defecation (as in /pe_kh_aya/ “defecation” and /pekh-razh/
#    “anus” [“feces-exit”]).
# [/1. Dah-wak-isan t'/pekhaya/ na'>stop< |n.| heh tersau-zhitlar
#    svi'°Ragtaya na'Gen-Lis-Tal Vuhlkansu° | /fa-wak pehkau/
#    >will stop< | - svi'°Ragtaya na'Zhit-Isan t'Gol-Vuhlkansu°
#    | /ulef-pekhaya/ >half-stop< - hi /ek'pe*kh*aya/ >full-stop< |
#    eh svi'°Tupa t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu° 2 - 3 - 25 - 27 heh 29 -
#    eh na'>defecation< heh tersau-zhitlar svi'°Vulcan Medical
#    Lexicon°.
#    Kupi ki'ka-stariben natya-zhit-shidlar heh stariben weh-lo'uk 
#    ka-zhit il ka-nen-zhit svi'Gol-Vuhlkansu ri-ozhik[1] –
#    na'li-fal - kup-stariben /pekhaya/ >defecation< | vel-zhit
#    t'>to defecate< | eh /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ >respiratory arrest<
#    | >around-gasses-stop< | na'ka-wak uf - kup tra'nam-tor
#    /khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya/ >cardiac arrest< | vel-zhit
#    t'>blood-pump-stop< | - hi /pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya/ >respiratory arrest<
#    na'ka-wak uf – vesht tor-yehat lafoshlar svi'zukitan-sasaya
#    il svi'ne-stukh-sasaya heh tersau nen-zhit /pehk/  
#    na'>stopping< | vah na'/pehkau/ >to stop<, /ek'pe_hk_aya/
#    >full-stop< heh /pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya/ >respiratory arrest< |
#    ek'shidoraya - tersau nen-zhit /pekh/ ek'shidoraya na'vellar
#    t'pekhaya | vah svi'/pe_kh_aya/ >defecation< heh svi'/pekh-razh/
#    “anus” || >feces-exit< || |./]
# 
# 2. As word for “symbol”, /sehtebihk/ in “Vulcan Language Lesson 6:
#    Punctuation”, /setebihk/ in “Example Phrases (VLI)”, and
#    /setebuhk/ in “Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies”.  The first is
#    the form substantiated by the historical documents (“Star Trek:
#    The Motion Picture”) and therefore considered the correct one.
#    It is assumed that the i/u-difference occurred from the
#    neighboring positions of the keys for the letters “u” and “i”
#    on computer keyboards, and that /setebihk/ is misspelt.
# [/2. Na'zhit t'>symbol< - /sehtebihk/ svi'°Gen-lis Vuhlkansu Tupa 6 -
#    Pehkamitaya° - /setebihk/ svi'°Li-Falik Zhit-Ballar° heh
#    /setebuhk/ svi'°Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies°.  Vesht tal-tor
#    wuhr-shid svi'faik t'vesht-wak | °Star Trek: The Motion Picture° | -
#    tal-tor vah yeht-veh.  Vesht tor-yehat i/u-natyan s'be'shul
#    t'ozh-svinlar t'zhit-sehtebihk >u< eh >i< fi'ozh-svin-math
#    t'tum-vel heh ri yeht-nazhitovaun /setebihk/./]
#
# [1] /Na'natya-is - natya-shid./ “For different use, a different
#     form.”  —Tenek of Shi'Han (famous ancient Golic grammarian)
#
# Entries in this dictionary are of the following form:
# 
#   original (optional part):translation (word form) (context) [comment]
#     ex=…
##
## Any line that starts with “#” is a comment, and MAY
## be displayed by software as an introduction to the user
## (paragraph formatting SHOULD be used), unless it is followed by
## another “#” (like here) in which case it is documentation only
## for implementors and MUST NOT be displayed by software.
## (/Palikau zehl k'>#< comment heh gluvaun lerash-tukh /)
#
# Entries are indented to signify derivation, so that software
# can mark common word-roots.  The optional part of the original
# may contain affixes that can be omitted, or give an abbreviation.
## Entries starting with “ex=” signify examples and SHOULD
## be formatted accordingly.
# 
# The translation may use /…/ (italics) to indicate that the original
# cannot be translated (e.g., proper names); however, it can indicate
# an alternative transcription that is more common in the target
# language.  The word-form is indicated with one of the abbreviations
# below in case of ambiguity.  The context part indicates in which
# contexts and meanings the original may or should be used. 
# Finally, the comment part describes the etymology of the original,
# indicates word relations (whereas same-language words, that SHOULD
# be possible to find in the dictionary, are indicated with /…/
# [italics]), provides background information or gives general usage
# advice.
## 
## Translation software MUST consider the optional part of the
## original, both in combination and standalone; they SHOULD display
## the word-form, context, and comment parts of the translation with
## increasing verbosity, in that order.
#
# Golic Vulcan languages are affixing and compound languages;
# it is not logical to sort entries only alphabetically.  Instead,
# entries are sorted with the following precedence:
# 
# 1. main context: /aushfa/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/
#    (not: /masu/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/)
# 2. root relation: /halovau/ – /hal-tor/ (not: /tor/ – /hal-tor/)
# 3. uses in combination: /le-suma/ – /dvunan-koval k'le-suma/
# 4. modifying suffixes: /pakh/ – /pakhaik/, /falek/ – /falek'es/
# 5. modifying prefixes: /ar'kadan/ – /fi'ar'kadan/
# 6. combining suffixes (based on main root): /ashiv/ – /ashiv-tor/,
#    /ayaun-sahriv/ < /ayaun-abu-yumaya/ (the main roots are
#    /sahriv/ and /yumaya/; not /sahriv/ and /abu/)
# 7. combining prefixes (based on main root): /dap/ – /reh-dap/
# 
# Only when all applying superordered criteria are the same,
# entries are sorted by the FSE alphabet (not the MGV alphabet,
# in order to help learners.)
# 
# The following abbreviations have been used:
#
# adj.     – adjective, adjectival
# agr.     – agriculture, agricultural; related to planting
# anat.    – anatomy, anatomical; related to body structure
# anc.     – ancient (word), from before Surak’s language reforms;
#            probably with irr. verb-forms
# anorg.   – anorganic; not related to life forms
# biol.    – biology, biologic; related to life forms
# borr.    – borrowed word
# bot.     – botany, botanical; related to plant life
# card.    – cardinal form (of a number); for counting up and when
#            used like a noun
# colloq.  – colloquial; used in informal, non-scientific speech
# enum.    – enumerating form (of a number); for counting how many
#            items there are
# e.g.     – /exempli gratia/: Latin for "for example"
# etc.     – /et cetera/: Latin for "and so forth/on"
# ex.      – example
# fig.     – figuratively (vs. lit.); e.g., "field" can lit. mean
#            "place where crops grow", fig. "area of study", or
#            fig. a math. structure (like "Galois field") or
#            a technology (like "warp field")
# ger.     – gerund (form); verb form to describe what happens now 
# geo.     – related to geosciences
# geol.    – geology, geologic; related to stones and minerals
# gr.      – grammar, grammatical; grammatical term
# hon.     – honorific (form); preferred, polite form
# i.e.     – /id est/: Latin for "that is"
# imp.     – imperative (form); used for commands and invocations
# irr.     – irregular (verb; vs. reg.)
# lit.     – literally (vs. fig.)
# math.    – mathematics, mathematically
# med.     – medicine, medical
# myth.    – mythology, mythologic
# n.       – noun; word for a thing or being
# naut.    – nautical; related to motion in seafaring tradition
# obs.     – obsolete (word); use the synonymous contemporary word
#            for everyday, non-ceremonial use instead (e.g., /wak/
#            instead of /farr/ for "time"; but: /kari farr/,
#            /pon farr/ etc.)
# ocean.   – oceanography, oceanographic
# ord.     – ordinal form (of a number): 1st, 2nd etc.
# pl.      – plural (form)
# reg.     – regular (verb; vs. irr.)
# sing.    – singular (form)
# standal. – standal. (form)
# tech.    – technology, technologic
# v.       – verb; word for doing something
# vs.      – /versus/ Latin for "as opposed to", "as compared to"
# zool.    – zoology, zoologic; related to animal life forms

~al:(regular strong verb, past form)
~au:(regular strong verb)
~aya:(reg. strong verb-based noun)
~ik:(standalone adj. form)
~lar:(plural form, except with numbers)
~n|~an|~yan:(gerund)
~'uh:(imp.)
  ex=Kal'uh nash-veh..:Let me! [from /kal-tor/]
  ex=Vasha'uh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship! [from /vashau/]
  ex=Tu'ash'uh svep..:Open the door! [from /tu'ash/] 
~'voh:(imp. hon.)
  ex=Kal'voh nash-veh..:Let me!
  ex=Vasha'voh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship!
  ex=Tu'ash'voh svep..:Open the door!
~-kam:dear ~ (affection)
a'gal:positron
a'rak(-~|ik):positive ~ [inferred]
  a'rakik wan-solektra-pahz:positive cloud-to-ground lightning (meteo.)
  # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /vihish/]
  a'rak-falun:positive charge (sci.)
    a'rak-falun-krus:cation (geol.)
  a'rak-shal:positive area (meteo.)
aal:?
abi'~:until ~
abu(-~):up~|upward~
  abrashau:(to) pick up
    ex=Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf.:The angry Cardassian picks up the small box from the desk.
  abru'~:above|over ~
  abru(-~):above~|over~
    abrupik:dominant (adj.; biol.) 
      abrupik'es:dominance ["dominant-noun"; inferred]
        ul-abrupik'es:partial dominance (zool.) ["partial-dominant-noun"]
    abru-masu-tin t'suk'muzh:epilimnion ["above-water-layer of-lake"]
achut:brush (n.) [inferred]
  puyan-achut:cleaning brush [see /puyek/]
ahkh:war (borr.)
ahm:name
  ex=Svi'ahm t'Surak ra..:What in Surak's name?!? ["In-name of-Surak what!!!"]
ahn-wun:/ahn-wun/ (traditional melee weapon with leather-strips and metal balls at the ends; anc.) [also transcribed /ahn-woon/]
nuk-ahs|-hinek|:mandible (ocean.)
aifa:these
aitlu:(to) desire [irr. strong v.]
  ex=Aitlu Sonok yokul sash-savas.:Sonok wants to eat /sash-savas/.
  ex=Aitlu T'Luki foshuhl rasath.:T'Luki wants to lose weight.
  ex=Aitlu nash-veh hal-tor.:I want to go. ["Wants this-one to-go."]
  ex=Aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave. ["Wants this-one to-leave"]
  ex=Aitlu tu nash-gad nuh'irak hal-tor.:You want to go too far today. ["Want you today too-far to-go."]
  aitlun:desire (n.)
  aitluyan:desiring
ak'~:soon ~
  ex=Vun ak'hal-tor sa-veh.:He must go soon. ["Must soon-go he."]
  ex=Ri dotor au ak'hal-tor na'Terra.:They are not planning to go to Earth soon. ["Not plan they soon-go to-Earth."]
  ak'wikman:surprising
akan:alien
  akansu:alien (n.)
akarshif:a long time
akhlami:among us
akteibuhl:attainment
aluk:fish (n.)
Andorsu:Andorian
ar'kadan:work ["?-same-rotation"?]
  fi'ar'kadan:working|at work
    ex=Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan.:Sonok and T'Luki are working.
asal:morning
  # asal-yem:[see /yem/]
ash'ai:sock
ash'el:shoe
ashau:(to) love
ashiv:repeat|repetition (n.)
  k'ashiv:often ["with-repetition"]
  va'ashiv:again
  wuh'ashiv:another ["one-repetition"]
  ashiv-tor:(to) repeat
    ashivan:repeating
ask'er:soldier (borr.)
au:they|them
  oau:they|them [about superiors or honored persons, "honored they/them"]
  t'au:their|theirs ["of-them"]
aushfa:animal (n.)
  aushfamaluhr:animalic (adj.)
  falek'es-tash-aushfa:bomeotherm (n.) (ocean.) ["temperature-control-animal"]
  lesek-mal-aushfa:arthropod (biol.) ["joint-leg-animal"]
  spahk-mal-aushfa:crustacean (biol.) ["claw-leg-animal"]
  wehk-mal-aushfa:myriapod (biol.) ["many-leg-animal"]
  ulef-masu-aushfa:amphibian (n.) ["half-water-animal"]
avon:hunger (n.)
  k'avon:hungry ["with-hunger"]
    ex=Sa-kan k'avon hi ko-kan rik'avon.:The boy is hungry but the girl is full.
    ex=k'le-matya k'avon:with the hungry /le-matya/
    ex=Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag.:The Rigellians are hungry and thirsty.
  rik'avon:full (no longer hungry) ["without-hunger"]
ayau:(to) tilt [inferred]
  ayaun(-~|ik):tilted [inferred]
    ayaun-sahriv:Tilted storm
    ayaun-abu-yumaya:Tilted updraft
    # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]
    # u'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]
ba-tak:tradition (anc., borr.)
  baik:traditional (standal. adj.)
  ba-~:traditional ~
    Ba-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Traditional Golic Vulcan (language)
    Ba-Golik:Traditional Golic
bali(-~):thick
  bali le-suma-marshak:heavy floe ["thick ?-?-?"]
  bali-bru-nosh:pachycheilia (med.) ["thick-?-?"]
  bali-fekik:pachycaul (biol.) ["thick-?"]
  bali-wadi-nosh:pachyderma ["thick-?-?"]
balkra:/balkra/ (a type of aromatic casserole; anc.)
bai'~:by means of|through|via (obs.) [see /fna'/]
bai-lon-tak:?
bar-kas:spice (n.)
batai:sturdy (anc.) [Batai was the name of Kamin's sturdy son in Ressik province on another planet; see TNG "The Inner Light"]
be'~:beside|by|near|next to|very close to ~
  behsu:neighbor (n.) ["next-to person"]
  betau:(to) approach [reg. strong v.]
    ex=Betau nesh-kur sehlat mol-kur svai svi'ne-yartra.:The black /sehlat/ approaches the magenta flower in the meadow.
    betaun:approaching  
    betaya:approach (n.)
Beidzhorsu:Bajoran (n.)
  beidzhorsu:Bajoran (adj.)
    ex=shi'kwai beidzhorsu:Bajoran wilderness ["wilderness Bajoran"]
Beituh'zedsu:Betazoid
bek-tor:(to) wait
  la'bek-tor:(to) wait here
    la'bek:here-wait, wait here
Ben:to us (TGV)
  ex=>Ben vahl navun.<:"Grant us success." ["To-us grant success."]
bezhun:eye
  bezhun-masu:tear(s) (n.) ["eye-water"]
bi'~:along ~
bling:?
bolau:need (v.)
  ex=Bolau sa-veh yokul ein-vel.:He needs to eat something. ["Needs he to-eat something"]
  ex=Bolau etek oren-tor uf hash-tor.:We need to learn how to fly. ["Need we to-learn how to-fly."]
  ex=Bolau ish-kan oren-tor nazhu-tor.:That child needs to learn to listen. ["Needs that-child to-learn to-listen."]
buhfik:perfect (adj.)
d'mallu:/D'mallu/ (a type of carnivorous plant; anc.)
d'oh-:?
  d'ohan:?
da:pebble (n.)
dah:two (enum.)
  ex=Shitau T'Luki nau lipau eh dah ru'lut-sai fi'nef.:T'Luki puts 9 knives and two napkins on the shelf. ["Put T'Luki 9 knife and two napkin on-shelf."]
  dahik:two (adj.)
  dahkuh:two (card.)
  dah'rak:second (ord.; TGV)
    dahr-~:second (ord.)
  dah-~:two-~|bi-~|di~|double-~
  dah-wak:twice ["two-times"]
dakh:(to) cast out
  ex=>Dakh orfikkel aushfamaluhr shaukaush fi'aifa mazhiv.<:"Our ancestors cast out their animal passions here on these sands." ["Cast-out ancestors animal passion(s) on-these sands."]
dal:?
  dal-nath:?
da-tor:(to) rotate
  dan:rotation
    dayan:rotating
    danau:(to) explain ["rotate (knowledge) around"; reg. strong v.]
      ex=Danau Sonok lof na'T'Luki.:Sonok explains the purpose to T'Luki.
      danaun:explaining
      danaya:explanation
dan-~:~est|most ~ (superlative)
  ex=Sehlat t'Soval dan-suk t'elkhrul-shal.:Soval's /sehlat/ is the biggest of the whole area. ["/Sehlat/ of-Soval most-big of-whole-area."]
  ex=Skladan t'ko-veh na'spanakhat dan-yauluhk t'ek.:Her message for the government is the most important of all. ["Message of-female-one for-government most-important of-all."] 
dap:spot
  dap-lan-pa:/dap-lan-pa/ (children's game) (anc.) ["spot-?-?"]
  reh-dap:three-spots ("∴") ["three-spot"; used as "etc." is used in FSE]
    ex=Bolau mahr-tor Spolk dunaplar - dun - neshuk ∴:Spolk needs to buy books, paper, ink, etc.
daya:?
Deltasu:Deltan
di'kizh:?
dif-tor:(to) live (a) long (time)
  Dif-tor heh smusma.:Live long and prosper.
    ex=>Dif-tor heh smusma - Spohkh.<:"Live long and prosper, Spock." ["To-live-long and to-prosper, Spock."]
dohn:board|plank (n.)
do:than
  ex=Soval weh-suk do Stola.:Soval is bigger than Stola. ["Soval more-big than Stola."]
  ex=Skladan t'nash-veh na'ko-veh weh-yauluhk do t'du.:My message for her is more important than yours. ["Message of-this-one for-female-one more-important than of-you."]
  ex=Kelek t'Soval weh-suk do dan-suk t'besular.:Soval's house is bigger than the biggest house of his neighbors. ["House of-Soval more-big than most-big of-neighbors."]
dom:so
  ex=>Dom - ki'sarlah.<:"So, it has come." ["So, (it) has-come."]
dor:honor
  dor-~:honorable ~
    dorli:honorable
  dorlan:honorific (n.)
  ridor-~:dishonorable ~
    ridorli:dishonorable
du|tu:you (sing.) [/du/ when alone or after consonant, /tu/ otherwise]
  Qual se tu.:Is it you? (anc.)
  odu:you ["honored you-singular"; to a superior or honored person]
  dular|tular:you (pl.) [/dular/ when alone or after a consonant, /tular/ otherwise]
    odular:you ["honored you-plural"; to superiors or honored persons]
    t'dular:your|yours (pl.)
  t'du:your|yours (sing.)
    ex=Yokul nash-veh yarmok t'du.:I eat your salad. ["Eat this-one salad of-you."]
du':while|during
dun:paper
  dunap:book
dungi(-~):will (v.)|(future form)
  ex=dungi kal-tor:will let [weak verb, /dungi/ not affixed]
  ex=dungi-palikau:will ~ [strong verb, /dungi/ affixed]
  ex=Dungi-trasha etek.:They will leave.
  ex=Dungi etek trasha.:*They* will leave. [different shades of meaning or emphasis]
  ex=>Dungi tu sahrafel?<:"Will you trust (me)?" ["Will you trust?"; /ha/ is omitted in future tense]
  ex=Dungi hal-tor du wilat.:Where will you go? ["Will go you where."]
  ex=Dungi gla-tor etek ha'gel.:We will see the light. ["Will see we light."]
  ex=Dungi nem-tor T'Luki yon-kur dunap.:T'Luki will take the yellow book.
  ex=Dungi-yokul Sonok yarmok.:Sonok will eat the salad.
  ex=Dungi stron-tor kushel s'kraisek.:The bird will escape from the cage.
  ex=Dungi nashiv-tor le-matyalar kuht t'sehlat t'au.:The /le-matyas/ will attack their herd of /sehlats/. ["Will attack /le-matyas/ herd of-/sehlat/ of-them."]
  ex=Dungi tal-tor ko-kan tal-muv heh klachek fi'pasu.:The girl will find the key and the lock on the table.
  ex=Dungi fas-tor sa-kan khi-gad-yem heh leipau kap.:The boy will cook the lunch and bake the bread.
  ex=Dungi hal-tor Sonok na'kahr.:Sonok will go to the town.|Will Sonok go to the town?
  ex=Dungi hash-tor T'Luki shan-hali vi'stukh.:T'Luki will fly the shuttle to outer space.
  ex=Dungi-halovau au na'Shi'Kahr klepovau.:They will travel to Shi'Kahr for shopping.
  ex=Dungi-yaretau tomasular t'du eshikh.:Your relatives will visit the desert.
  ex=Dungi-yokul du aru-yem.:You will eat the dinner.
  ex=Dungi gla-tor au wuh'rak yel t'khru wilat.:Where will they see the first star of the evening? ["Will see they first star of-evening where."]  
dukal:ball (n.)
dva:belief
dvel-tor:(to) choose
  dvelek:selector [inferred]
    glashau-nuk-dvelek:scan mode selector (tech.) ["?-low-selector"]
dvin-tor:(to) serve
  ex=Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar.:T'Luki serves grass-vegetables and orange fruits.
  dvinsu:servant
  dvintra:service
    kef-has-dvintra |KHD|:Emergency medical service (EMS)
  kadvin:commission (naut.) ["same-service"]
    s'kadvin:out of commission
    sakadvin-tor:(to) decommission
      sakadvin:decommissioning (n.) 
dvun:move(ment) (n.)|motion (n.)|moving (ger.)
  dvunel:motion (biol.)
dzharel:/Dzharel/ small, horned, horse-like animal (extinct; borr.) [/jarel/ in some other Vulcan languages]
dzhelu:?
Dzhem-Hadaru:Jem-Hadar
eef:?
eh|heh:and [/eh/ after vowel, /heh/ when standalone or after consonant]
  sos'eh:perhaps
  hau:(to) add
    haya:addition [inferred]
      hayaik:additional
        ex=hayaik pitohlar:additional notes
      hayat(-~):augmentative (~) (n.)
        hayataya:augmentation [inferred]
          thak-hayataya (MGV) | thask-hayataya (TGV):breast augmentation (med.)
          hayatayek:augmentor (tech.)
        hayat-zhit:augmentative (n.) (gr.) ["augmentative-word"]
eik-~:wide(ly) ~
ein-~:some~
eitau:?
ek:all
  ek'~:all|complete|total|pan-~
    ek'an:maximum (n.)
    ex=:[see /suk/ for ex.]
  elkhrul-~:whole|entire
ek'zer:gem|jewel (anc.) [originally a compound word]
ekkuu-~:planar
  Ekkuu-Gollisk:Planar Golic (Vulcan language)
ekon:(a) god
  Oekon:God, the Supreme Being
esh:breathe
  # esh-tukh:[see /tukh/]
eshikh:desert
esta:touch (n.)
  estuhl:(to) touch [irr. strong v.]
    ex=Estuhl sa-kan aluk.:The boy touches the fish.
    ex=>Estuhl terrupik khaf - Spohkh.<:"It touches your human blood, Spock." ["Touch Terran blood, Spock."]
    estuhlan:touching
etek:we|us (normal mode)
  t'etek:our|ours ["of-us"]
  etwel:us (formal mode)
    oetwel:we|us [when spoken by superiors about themselves, literally "honored we/us"]
    k'etwel:with us
      ex=:[see /tah/ for ex.]
    s'etwel:from us
fa':before|in front of
  fa(-)~:fore~|front-~|frontal ~|anterior ~|bow(-)~ (naut.)
    fa-wak:future ["fore-time"]
      fa-wak glansu:prophet ["future sight-person"; see /glan/]
        ofa-wak glansu:The Prophet (hon.)
      nenik fa-wak-wis:simple future (tense) ["simple future-tense"]
    faterek:prefix
fah-yat:?
fai-tukh:knowledge
  faik:data [inferred from /faik-vistra/]
    # faik-vistra:[see /vistra/]
faka:hernia (n.)
fal(-~):hot ~
  falek:heat ["hot-all"]
    ex=Nam-tor falek be'yon.:It is warm by the fire. ["Be heat by-fire."]
    falek'es:temperature ["hot-all-noun"]
  fal-tor:(to) rejoin ["hot-to-do"]
    fal-tor-pan:refusion (anc.) [ceremony to rejoin the body and katra]
fan-~:any~
  fan-vel:anything ["any-thing"]
  # fan-yokulsu:[see /yokulsu/]
  # hai-fan-wan:[see /fan-wan/]
  # hai-fan-wan:[see /wan/]
farr:time (anc., obs.) [only used poetically in Golic Vulcan]
fas-tor:(to) cook
  ex=Fas-tor opilsu steh natya sazh.:The chef cooks 7 different vegetables. ["Cook chef 7 different vegetable."]
fasei:this (here)
fe-~:pre-~|ante-~
feihan:?
fereik:(to) create|invent [inferred]
  fereiksu:creator|inventor
    Ofereiksu:the Creator [deity]
ferek:generator
  vunai-ferek t'wel-raf-tepul (VFWRT):neuro-electric field generator ["field-generator of-?-?-?"]
    leshanik fosh-vunai-ferek (LFVF):portable force field generator ["? ?-field-?"]
    wak-vunai-ferek (WVF):temporal field generator ["time-field-?"]
    sakwitayek-vunai-ferek (SVF):deflector field generator ["?-field-?"]
fi'~:on|atop|upon ~
fihdd:?
floku:spoon
fmak:?
fna'~:through|via|due to
fna-~:through(-~)|thorough~
fnash:sweep
  fnashtau:(to) sweep
    ex=Fnashtau T'Luki lan-tol.:T'Luki sweeps the floor.
  fnash-vel:broom ["sweep-thing"]
fnau-~:tame ~
fnesh:?
fnu-ven:hatred (anc.)
fo:shell (anc.)
  fosha:shedding
    foshuhl:(to) shed [irr. strong v.]
      foshuhlan:shedding
fonn(-~):loyal
  fonn'es:loyalty
fulag:lead (n.) [as in a race]
  fu-~:proto-~ (sci.)|before|leading ~
  fulag-tor:(to) lead
    fulagan:leading
gad:day [inferred]
  ek'gad:all day
  nash-gad:today ["this-day"]
    ex=Nash-gad Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan svi'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki are working in the field today.
  fa-gad:tomorrow
gahkk:?
gahv-~:purple ~
  gahv-kur:purple
galu-sayuk:radioactive
gehnli:essential
gen-lis:language
  gen-lis-tal:linguistics ["language-study"]
gish:(to) expect
  ex=Gish etek fa-gad lasha.:They expect to arrive tomorrow. ["Expect they tomorrow to-arrive."]
  ex=>Gishen worla ihk-banut.<:"He's never what I expect." ["What-is-expected never the-one-of-which-is-spoken."]
gla-tor:(to) see
  ex=Vesht gla-tor Sonok kus-vakh - dunap - ha'fek heh math.:Sonok saw a bell, book, candle and plate.
  ex=Vesht gla-tor nash-veh sehlat na'svep.:I saw a sehlat at the door. ["Saw this-one sehlat at-door."]
  gla-~:optical (tech.)
  glan:sight
    glan-fam-~:blind ~ ["sight-without"]
      glan-fam'es:blindness (med.)
      glan-famik:blind
    # fa-wak glansu:[see /fa-wak/]
    glantau:(to) watch
      ex=Glantal Stonn tevyan-morlar taman svi'salan.:Stonn watched the falling leaves dancing in the wind. ["Watched Stonn falling-leaves dancing in-wind."]
      toglantau:(to) witness
  glayan:seeing
  mathra-glayek:disk camera
    glayek-el'torausu:cameraman|camera operator
  raf-glayek:electric eye
glozho:elixir (anc.)
gluder:depth
  glu-masu-shal:benthic zone ["deep-water-zone"]
  glu-masu-tin t'suk'muzh:hypolimnion ["deep-water-layer of-lake"]
gluvau:(to) display [inferred]
  (gluvau-)math:panel (display) ["(display-)board"]
  per-gluvaya:play (n.; performance of drama or comedy, etc.)
  ne-torektra t'snazh-gluvaya:plasma display subsystem ["sub-? of-?-display"]
  gluvayek:display|monitor (viewscreen) (n.)
    nel-gluvayek:main viewer (tech.)
    su-shi-gluvayek:personnel locator display ["person-place-display"]
    tum-vel-gluvayek:computer display ["tally(ing)-thing-display"; see /tum-vel/]
    gluvayek t'saga-glanum-mathralar (GSGM):Digital Video Disc (DVD) player ["display of-?-?-?"]
gmor:?
gnal:tumor (med.) [inferred]
  gnal-tal:oncology (med.)
  mev-gnal:angioma (med.) ["pipe-tumor"]
  shad-gnal:brain|cerebral tumor (med.) ["brain-tumor"]
  slah-gnal:fibroid tumor ["fiber-tumor"]
  rihinek-gnal:chondroma (med.) ["cartilage-tumor"]
goh:only
Gol-~:Golic
  Gol-Vuhlkansu:Golic Vulcan
  golik:Golic (standalone)
gol'nev:help (n.)
gonaf:button (n.)
Gornarsu:Gorn
gu-vam:duty
guhff:?
guv:gender
  guv-kozauk:gender-specific
    guv-kozauk vel-zhitlar:gender-specific nouns
  riguv:asexual
  wehk-guv:multi-sexual
ha:yes [anc.: "fire"?]
  ex=Olau tu has-bosh ha.:Are you feeling ill? ["Feel you ill yes."]
  ex=Gla-tor du dunap t'Sonok ha.:Do you see Sonok's book? ["See you book of-Sonok yes."]
  ex=Ma sa-kan heh ko-kan san-zhellar ha.:"Do the boy and girl have belts?" ["Have boy and girl belts yes."]
  ex=Yokul kosu yarmok ha.:Does the woman eat salad? ["Eat woman salad yes."]
  ex=Yokul sasu kahm ha.:Does the man eat meat? ["Eat man meat yes."]
  ha'fek:candle(stick) ["fire fully contained"]
  ha'gel:light (n.)
    ha'gel-rubah-dvun:phototaxis (biol.) ["light-change-movement"]
    ha'gel-slah-elakh:fiber-optic cable (tech.)
  ha'kiv:life ["fire of being"?]
    ha-tor:(to) live [also: "burn"?]
      ex=Ha-tor Sonok heh T'Luki svi'pi'kelek svi'suk'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki live in the small house on the big field.
    # ha-guhsh:[see /guhsh/]
    ha-vel:organism ["life-thing"]
    hasu:being (n.)
  haran:Fire Beast (anc.; myth.)
ha-vol(-~):tall ~
  ex=Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.:The tall Betazoid is blind and the short Vulcan is deaf.
haf:gap (geol.)
  pi'haf:follicle
  sa'haf:bladder (bot.)
    sov-sa'haf:air bladder (biol.)
halovau:(to) travel|journey
  halovausu:traveler ["travel-person"]
  hal-tor:(to) go
    ex=Hal-tor Sonak na'ar'kada.:Sonak is going to work.|Sonak goes to work. ["Goes Sonak to work"; do not use gerund in GV]
    halan:going (ger.)
      ex=Halan na'krani - toglantal T'Pau tevul t'ifis-hali.:Going to the window, T'Pau witnessed the crash of the transport. ["Going to-window, witnessed T'Pau crash of-transport."]
    ak'hal-tor:(to) go soon
      ak'halan:soon-going
    fabehal-tor:(to) pass|overtake
      fabehalan:pass|passing|overtaking
    mahal-tor:(to) swim [see "masu"]
    nahal-tor:(to) go towards [see "na'"]
      nahalan:going-towards, towards-going
    skahal-tor:(to) get off of|disembark
      ex=Skahal-tor T'Pol shan-hali.:T'Pol gets off the shuttlecraft. ["Get-off T'Pol shuttlecraft."]
      skahalan:getting-off of|disembarkation
    zahal-tor:(to) follow
      ex=Zahal-tor pi'Sonok os nesh-sehlat fna'masupik solai na'fau-yut.:Little Sonok follows the old black /sehlat/ through the wet field to the road.
      zahalan (k'):followed (by)
  halek:wheel (n.)
  hali:ship
    masu-hali:boat ["water-ship"]
    shan-hali:shuttle ["transfer-ship"]
    yel-hali:starship ["star-ship"]
  mashalovau:(to) sail ["water-travel", see /masu/]
    samashalovau:(to) sail away
      samashalovaun:sailing away
        ex=Pehkal kanlar heh glantal masu-hali samashalovaun.:The children stopped and watched the boat sail away. ["Stopped children and watched boat away-sailing."]
      samashalovaya:away-sailing|sailing-away (n.)
harr:?
has-~:medical ~
  hasuk:medical
  has-bosh(-~):ill|sick ~
hash-tor:(to) fly
  hashsu:flier|pilot
    ohashsu:ace|expert pilot
hi:but
hif-bi:to me (TGV)
hitra-~:media ~
  Hitra-Zukitan:Media Script (Vulcan writing script)
hizh-~:quiet ~
  hizhuk:quiet
    ex=Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk.:The black sehlat and the blue bird are small and quiet.
hnuh-~:low ~
  Hnuh-Mershahki:Low Mershaki (Vulcan language)
ho-~:ritual (adj.)
hokni'es:consciousness
  ex=>T'Ish hokni'es kwi'shoret --<:"This consciousness calling to you from space …" ["Of-that consciousness from-far-away-calling …"]
huun:?
hutau:(to) shock
  po-hutau:produce an aftershock
    po-hutaya:aftershock
i'~:~ now|at this moment
  ex=I'aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave now. ["Now-wants this-one to-leave."]
  ex=Ri i'aitlu etek trasha.:We do not want to leave now. ["Not now-want we to-leave."]
  ex=I'bolau Soval oren-tor uf hash-tor.:Soval needs to learn how to fly now. ["Now-needs Soval to-learn how to-fly."]
  ex=I'vasha'uh skyem-kushel Rihansu..:Destroy the Romulan bird-of-prey now! ["Now-destroy bird-of-prey Romulan!"]
  i'lasha:(to) arrive now
    i'lashan:now-arrival
  t'i:(as) of now
    ex=>T'I kilko-srashiv kitok-wilat.<:"His answer lies elsewhere." ["(Is) of-now answer(-achievement) elsewhere."]
if:which
  ex=Tishau ko-veh pelal if.:Which robe does she like? ["Like female-one robe which."]
  ex=Tishau weh-rom ash'ailar if.:Which socks do you like better? ["Like better socks which."]
ifis:transportation (n.)
  ifis-hali:transport (vessel)|freighter (n.) ["transport-ship"]
  ifis-tor:(to) transport ["transport to-do"]
igen:sky (n.)
ihk-banut:the one of which is spoken
ihn:?
ikap:(to) close
  ex=Ikap'uh svep..:Close the door!
il:or
  il-eh:and/or
ip-sut:(to) hide [irr. strong v.]
  ex=Ip-sut nesh-kur teresh-kah svi'laptra.:The black /teresh-kah/ bird is hiding in the forest.
  ip-sutan:hiding (ger.)
  ip-sui:hiding (n.)
irak:far
  irak-yet:far enough ["far-driven"]
  nuh'irak:too far
  irak-nahik:telepathic ["far-?"]
is:use (n.)
  is-fam-~:useless
    is-famik:useless
  is-tor:(to) use
    isan:using (ger.)
    neis-tor:(to) use up
      neis:using-up (n.)
  nisan:examination|test
ish-~:that ~
  ish-veh:he|she|it ["that-one"; preferred in MGV]
    ex=>Ish-veh ni komihn.<:"He's so human." ["That-one so human."]
    oish-veh:he|she [about a superior or honored person, "honored that-one"]
    t'ish-veh:its
  isha:also|too
    ex=>Isha nash-veh Vuhlkansu - pontal na'sochya.<:"I too am a Vulcan, bred to peace." ["Also this-one Vulcan, bred for-peace."]
isachya:hair (multiple strands)
iyi-~:modern ~
  iyik:modern
  Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Modern Golic Vulcan (Vulcan language)
  Iyi-Golik:Modern Golic
k'~:with|by ~ 
  k'kan:pregnant ["with-child"]
    k'kan-wak:pregnancy ["with-child-time"]
k'kvai:through [TGV only, rare]
k'puu:?
k'shatri:foreign
ka(-~):same ~
  ka-ni-fur:/Ka-ni-fur/ (first ritual of maturity; anc.)
  ka vah:(the) same as
    ex=Nam-tor dvalar t'du ri ka vah t'au.:Your beliefs are not the same as theirs.
ka'athaira:/ka'athyra/ (Vulcan lute) 
kai:? ["step"?]
  kaiden:stairs
kar-an-zhi:/Karanji/ (cactus-like plant; anc.) [/ka-ranji/ in other Vulcan languages]
kari-~:strong ~
  kari-tor-zhitlar:strong verbs
kahm:meat (n.)
  # kahm-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]
kahr:town
kal-tor:(to) allow|let
  ex=>Kal-tor palikau.<:"Let it commence." ["Allow to-commence."]
kan:child
  kan-fam:childless
  kanu:children (TGV)
  kanlar:children (MGV)
kanok-~:every~
Kardassu:Cardassian
kap:bread
kashek (MGV):mind (n.)
  kash-naf:mind meld
  kashkau (TGV):minds
    ex=>Kashkau - Spohkh - wuhkuh eh teretuhr.<:"Our minds, one and together." ["Minds, Spock, one and together."]
  mapi-kashek:very small mind [insult]
  ya'akash:(to) ask (anc.)
kast:plant
  kastik:plant (general term) 
    # kastik-goh-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]
katau:(to) bring [inferred]
  sakatau:(to) bring out
    sakataya:bringing-out|out-bringing
kau:5 (enum.)|wisdom (anc.)
  ex=Ma tu kau ha'fek.:You have 5 candles. ["Have you 5 candle."]
  kau'rak:5th (TGV)
    kaur-~:5th ~
  kaukuh:5 (card.)
  kauyik:5 (adj.)
kaunshuk:united
ke~:against ~
kef(-~|ik):emergency ~
  kef-ha'kiv-nenikaya (KHN):emergency life support (med.)
    kef-has-dvintra (KHD):emergency medical service (EMS)
      kef-has-dvintrasu (KHDsu):emergency medical technician (EMT)
  kef-fisolekau-malEmergency landing leg
  kef-ifisek:emergency transporter           
  kef-kipof-shal:emergency battery room
  kef-tanilau-mev t'igen-pa-tukh:emergency atmospheric gas feed
  kef-thro-svep Emergency hatch
  # kef-tuhlau-vis:emergency containment grid [see /tuhlau/]
  kef-rishan-tsorayek:emergency survival compartment
  kef-tvi-shal:emergency room (ER)
  kefik has-reh-bikuvsu (KHRB):emergency medical hologram (EMH)
  kefik tehn-sesh-kwitek:emergency anti-grav thruster
  keful-tukh:opsonin
    kefulaya:opsonization
  # prah-vel t'kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush intake [see /kluhvau/]
    # kef-kluhvau-krau:emergency flush vent [see /kluhvau/]
  
keh:four (enum.)
  ex=Dvin-tor sa-kan keh yerak t'shur t'plomik.:The boy serves four bowls of /plomeek/ soup. ["Serve boy four bowl of-soup of-plomik."] 
  keh'rak:fourth (TGV)
    kehr:fourth
  kehik:four (adj.)
  kehkuh:four (card.)
kep:gong
kel:building (n.)
  kelek:house
  ha-kel:home ["life-building"; see /ha'kiv/]
kemeskarau:(to) hold against
  kemeskaraya:against-holding (n.)
kenan:understanding 
kethra:?
khaf:blood
  khaf-spol:heart ["blood-pump"]
khav-~:brown ~
  khav-kur:brown
kheh:?
khlup:?
khr(a)~:(mild invective) [like "dang", "darn", "damn", "bloody"; *avoid*]
  ex=Ertau khrasehlat nash-veh.:The darn sehlat is bothering me. ["Bothers darn sehlat this-one"]
  ex=Glan-famau khraikum etek..:The damn moon is blinding us! ["Blinds damn moon us!"]
  khrash:violence
    khrash-~:violent ~
      khrashik:violent
        ex=Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh.:The Klingon is violent but the Deltan is peaceful.
  khrikh(a)~:~ (severe invective) [like using scatological words and other vulgarities; *avoid*]
    ex=Stal khrikhale-matya ulef t'dzharellar t'etek..:The @#$%& le-matya killed half of our /jarels/! ["Killed @#$%& le-matya half of-jarels of-us!"]
    ex=Nam-tor khrikhigen-va knuk nash-gad..:The @#$%& weather is lousy today! ["Is @#$%& weather lousy today!"]
khru:evening      
khush:?
ki'~:have ~ (perfect past form)
  ex=ki'gla-tor du:you have seen
  ex=ki'tishal etek:we have liked
  ex=Ki'gla-tor du dukal ha.:Have you seen the ball? ["Have seen you ball yes."]
  ex=Ki'gla-tor dular yellar.:You (pl.) saw the stars. ["Have seen you (pl.) stars."]
  ex=Ki'hal-tor Sonok na'kahr.:Sonok has gone to the town.
  ex=Ki'haloval au k'ashiv na'Shi'Kahr klepovau.:They have traveled to Shi'Kahr to shop. ["Have traveled they to-Shi'Kahr to-shop."]
  ex=Ki'yaretal tomasular t'du eshikh.:Your relatives have visited the desert. ["Have visited relatives of-you desert."]
  ex=Ki'yokul du aru-yem ha.:Have you eaten dinner? ["Have eaten you dinner yes."]
  ex=Vesht dungi ki'kital nash-veh.:I would/should have written. ["Would have written this-one."]
ki'haf:basket (anc.) [originally a compound word, see /haf/]
kiht:?
kiit:?
kilko:answer (n.)
  ex=:[see /t'i/]
kin-kur:yellow
  kis-~:jealous
    kiska:jealous
kitau:(to) write [reg. strong v.]
  kital:written (by)
  kitau-fek:pencil
  kitau-skaf:desk
  kitaun:writing
  kitaya:writing (n.)
kitok-~:else~
  kitok-wilat:elsehwhere
klashau:(to) guard
  ex=Klashau sehlat pla-kur svep.:The /sehlat/ is guarding the blue door. 
  klachek:lock (n.)
    klacha:(to) lock [irr. strong v.]
      ex=Klacha ko-kan svep.:The boy locks the door.
      klachan:locking
klau-bosh(-~):harmful ~
klepovau:(to) shop
kling:noone|not-one
  ex=>Kling akhlami buhfik - Saavik-kam.<:"Nobody's perfect, Saavik." ["Not-one among-us perfect, Saavik-(affection)."]
kliton:arrow
  nu-kliton:down-arrow (" ˅ ") [used as the asterisk is used in FSE with a bottom-of-the-page note]
kloshah:(to) behave
kluf:boot (n.)
kluhvau:(to) flush [inferred]
  kluhvaya:flush [inferred]
    kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush ["?-flush"; inferred, see /kef/]
      prah-vel t'kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush intake
        kef-kluhvau-krau:emergency flush vent
klu-tor:(to) ram [inferred]
  klun:ramming (ger.) [inferred]
    klunyavush:ramjet ["ramming-jet"; see /vush/]
kluchi:?
ko(-~):female
  ko-kan:girl ["female-child"]
  ko-kozauk:female-specific
  ko-mekh:mother
    oko-mekh:mother ["honored mother"]
  ko-veh:she ["female-one"; TGV]
    t'ko-veh:her|hers
      ex=Nem-tor sa-kan dukal t'ko-veh.:The boy takes her ball.
      ex=Yokul le-matya svailar t'ko-veh.:The /le-matya/ eats her flowers.  
  kosu:woman ["female-person"]
    oko(su):lady|madam ["honored woman"]
  ko-telsu:wife
    ex=T'Luki reh'rak ko-telsu t'nash-veh.:T'Luki is my third wife. ["T'Luki third wife of-this-one."]
kobat:weak [from /ko/ "female"?]
  kobat-tor-zhitlar:weak verbs
Kol-Ut-Shan:/Kol-Ut-Shan/ (IDIC symbol) ["?-transfer"]
kolau:(to) shock [inferred]
  kolau-tviyan t'nel'ashayek:replicator memory core ["shock-? of-?"]
  thor'gal-kolau-sayek:thoron shock emitter ["?-shock-?"]
  kolaya:shock (n.) [inferred]
    pid-folau-kolaya:anaphylactic shock ["?-?-shock"]
    kwul-kolaya:concussion ["?-shock"]
    raf-kolaya:electric(al) shock ["?-shock"]
Kolinahr:/Kolinahr/ (rigorous training program at Gol to purge oneself of all emotions) ["?-now-discipline"]
  ex=>Kolinahr – k'kvai'ei ek'zherka t'forti foshuhl<:"Kolinahr: Through which all emotion is finally shed." ["Through-which all-emotion(s) finally shed."]
  Kolinahru:those who have attained /Kolinahr/
komihn:human (adj.)
korsau:(to) conserve [inferred]
  nala-korsau-haf:vacuole ["cell-conserve-bag"]
  korsaya:conservation
    ne-solektra-korsayek:tuber ["sub-?-conserver"]
  korseivel|korseiven:saved
koshtri:race
  ex=>Sha'koshtri korseivel bai'elkhrul-akteibuhl t'Kolinahr.<:"Our race was saved by attainment of Kolinahr." ["Our-own-race saved through-entire-attaining of-Kolinahr."]
kov:rock|stone [Kov was the name of a Vulcan engineer in "Star Trek: Enterprise"]
  ha-guhsh-kov:organic rock (geol.) ["life-debris-rock"; see /ha-gush/]
  ul-kohvik mazhiv-kov:quartzose sandstone (geol.) ["partial-? sand-stone"]
kozauk:specific
kraisek:cage (n.)
krani:window (n.)
kras:paint (n.)
  kras-tor:(to) paint
kreila:?
kres-~:aggressive ~
  kresik:aggressive
krahkra:it is nothing (anc.)
kroikah:[silence?]
krus:part|piece (n.)
ksau:?
ktorr:?
  k'torr:completely lacking (anc.)
    v'tash k'torr:/v'tash k'torr/ ("Vulcans without logic") ["self-control completely-lacking", falsely transcribed /v'tosh ka'tur/; Vulcans who attempt to integrate emotions in their lives] 
kuh:?
kuht:herd
  kuht t'sehlat:herd of /sehlats/ ["herd of /sehlat/"]
kum:catch (n.)
  kum-tor:(to) catch
    ex=Kum-tor yon-kur le-matya os teresh-kah fi'yut.:The red /le-matya/ catches the old /teresh-kah/ bird on the path.
    kuman:catching
    kumfa:catcher [animal]
      ravot-kumfa:insect-catcher (small bird) ["insect-catch-animal"]
    kumsu:catcher [person, e.g. in a ballgame]
kun-ut:marriage|bonding
  kun-ut-travek:marriage party
kup:can|(to) be able to (v.)
  ex=Kup kitau nash-veh.:I am able to write. ["Can write this-one."]
  ex=Kup uralau du.:You can/are able to sing. ["Can sing you."]
  ex=Kup hash-tor nash-veh.:I can fly. ["can fly this-one."]
  ex=Kup mahal-tor etek ha.:Are we able to swim? ["Can swim we yes."]
  ex=Kup mavau Sonok heh T'Luki ralash-tanaf.:Sonok and T'Luki are able to play music.
  ex=Kup ip-sut dzharel svi'eshikh.:The /dzharel/ can hide in the desert. 
  kupi:could have|would have|should have
    ex=Kupi ki'kital nash-veh.:I could have written. ["Could have written this-one."]
    ex=Kupi ki'yetur nash-veh.:I could have driven.
    ex=Kupi ki'sarlah kanlar t'dular na'ha-kel.:Your (pl.) children could have come home. ["Could have-come children of-you (pl.) to-home."]
    ex=Kupi ki'dvel-tor au wuh'ashiv dunap ha.:Could they have chosen another book? ["Could have-chosen they another book yes."]
    ex=Kupi ki'tam-tor Kardassu ek'gad.:The Cardassian could have danced all day.
  kuv:if
    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kital du kuv ma wak.:You would have written if you had time. ["Would have written you if have time."]
    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kitau ish-veh kuv ma wak.:He/she would have written if he/she had time.
    ex=Vesht dungi ki'yokul ten-mal Sonok kuv tor-yehat.:Sonok would have eaten early if (it had been) possible.
    ex=Vesht dungi ki'kum-tor mor-gril etek kuv vohris.:The /mor-gril/ would have caught us if we had been slow.
  mokuv:ring ["enclosure"; /mo/ may be omitted in compound words]
    vikuvau:encircle|surround
      nuk-vikuvtra:cay|key (ocean.) ["low-?"]
      viikuftra-~:insular ~
        Viikuftra-Golik:Insular Golic (Vulcan language)
kup-~:(to) be able (to) ~
kur:color
  mu-kur-tukh:melanin ["?-color-stuff"]
  sash-kur-tukh:acidic dye ["acidic-color-stuff"]
ku-san:chair
kushel:bird(s)
  skyem-kushel:bird-of-prey
  kus-vakh:bell (n.)
kvai'ei:which
kvesh:?
kwai:wild (n.)
kwi'~:from a distance|from far away
kwi-~:tele~ [rare; see /irak-~/]
la('~):here(-~)
  ex=Gish ko-veh nash-gad la'lasha.:She expects to arrive here today. ["Expects she today here-arrive."]
  lasha:(to) arrive [irr. strong v.]
    ex=Lasha kanlar heh sehlat na'yon-kur svep.:The children and the /sehlat/ arrive at the red door.
    lashan:arrival ["here-transfer"]
    lashayan:arriving (ger.)
la'ash:axe (anc.) [originally a compound word]
lan-tol:floor
lanet:bottom (geo.)
lap:tree
  laptra:forest ["tree-there"]
lau(-~):may|might
  ex=Lau tal-tor nash-veh yut fa-gad.:I might find the way tomorrow. ["Might find this-one way tomorrow."]
le-matya:/Le(-)matya/ (large, venomous desert predator; anc.)
le-suma:ice (anc.)
  dvunan-koval k'le-suma:rock glacier ["moved-rock? by-ice"]
  le-suma-ek'shal:cryosphere ["ice-all-zone"]
  le-suma-haki:ice hockey ["ice-hockey"; borr. from FSE]
  le-suma-ihsek:ice fog ["ice-?"]
  le-suma-khush:ice crystal ["ice-?"]
  le-suma-kunel:pingo (geol.) ["ice-?"]
  le-suma-luhdin|izh-luhdin:nieve penitente (meteo.) ["?-?|ice-?"]
  le-suma-pal:ice age ["ice-?"]
  svitan-vel t'le-suma-shidau:ice nucleus ["?-thing of-ice-?"]
  le-suma-sahriv:ice storm ["ice-storm"]
  le-suma-solektra:permafrost ["ice-?"]
  le-suma-tal:glaciology ["ice-study"]
    le-suma-talsu:glaciologist ["ice-study-person"]
  le-suma-yontaya:frostbite (med.) ["ice-fire?"]
  ihsek-le-suma:rime (ice) ["?-ice"]
  pa'shi-le-suma:clear ice (meteo.) ["clear-ice"]
  guhsh-solek (s'dvun-le-suma):till (n.)
  ek'le-suma-wein:glaciation ["all-ice-?"]
  (dvun-)le-sumatra:glacier ["moving-ice"]
    le-sumatra-salan:glacier wind (meteo.) ["ice-there-wind"]
    dvun-le-sumatra t'kunel-nen:Piedmont glacier ["moving-ice of-?-?"]
    dvun-le-sumatra t'ku-li:valley glacier ["moving-ice of-?"]
    dvun-le-sumatraik tral:glacier surge ["moving-ice-related ?"]
    dvun-le-sumatraik zehl-ulidar:glacial striation ["moving-ice-related striation"]
    hafau-kov s'dvun-le-sumatra:erratic (n.) ["?-rock from-moving-ice"]
    razh s'dvun-le-sumatra:kettle (geol.) ["? from-moving-ice"]
      razh-suk'muzh s'dvun-le-sumatra:kettle lake (geol.) ["?-big-? from-moving-ice"]
    titaya-kunel s'dvun-le-sumatra:delta kame ["?-? from-moving-ice"]
    ku-li s'dvun-le-sumatra:glacial valley ["?-? from-moving-ice"]
    kim-kov-guhsh s'dvun-le-suma:terminal moraine ["?-rock-debris from-moving-ice"]
    pa'ash-guhsh-solek s'dvun-le-suma:ground moraine ["?-?-?-? from-moving-ice"]
    vla-kov-guhsh s'dvun-le-suma:lateral moraine (geol.) ["?-rock-debris from-moving-ice"]
    rukhaul s'rasath t'dvun-le-sumatra:glacial rebound ["? from-? of-moving-ice"]
    wuval-ne'ti-kunlak (t'dvun-le-sumatra):drumlin ["?-below-?-? (of-moving-ice)"]
  le-sumau:(to) freeze
    le-sumau-sfek:freezing point ["freeze-point"]
    le-sumau-vok:freezing level ["freeze-?"]
    le-sumalik:frozen (adj.)
      le-sumalik asal-masu:frozen dew ["frozen morning-water"]
      le-sumalik sov-masu:ice pellets ["frozen ?-water"]
    le-sumaunik pi'sov-masu:freezing drizzle (meteo.) ["freezing small-?-water"]
    le-sumaunik ihsek:freezing fog (meteo.) ["freezing ?"]
    le-sumaunik sov-masu:freezing rain ["freezing ?-water"]
    le-sumaya:freeze (n.)
      svitan-vel t'le-sumaya:freezing nucleus ["?-thing of-freeze"]
leh:10 (enum.)
  ex=La leh math.:Here are 10 plates. ["Here 10 plate."]
  leh'rak:10th (TGV)
    lehr-~:10th ~
  lehik:10 (adj.)
  lehkuh:10 (card.)
  leh-wuh:11 (enum., card.)
    ex=Shitau Sonok leh-wuh monek heh sheh floku fi'pasu.:Sonok puts 11 cups and 6 spoons on the table. ["Put Sonok 11 cup and 6 spoon on-table."]
    leh-wuh'rak:11th (TGV)
      leh-wuhr-~:11th ~
    leh-wuhik:11 (adj.)
  leh-dah:12 (enum., card.)
    leh-dah'rak:12th (TGV)
      leh-dahr-~:12th ~
    leh-dahik:12 (adj.)
  leh-reh:13 (enum., card.)
    leh-reh'rak:13th (TGV)
      leh-rehr-~:13th ~
    leh-rehik:13 (adj.)
  leh-keh:14 (enum., card.)
    leh-keh'rak:14th (TGV)
      leh-kehr-~:14th ~
    leh-kehik:14 (adj.)
  leh-kau:15 (enum., card.)
    ex=Gla-tor au leh-kau teresh-kah svi'solai.:They see 15 /teresh-kah/ birds in the field. ["See they 15 /teresh-kah/ in-field."]
    leh-kau'rak:15th (TGV)
      leh-kaur-~:15th ~
    leh-kauyik:15 (adj.)
  leh-sheh:16 (card.)
    leh-sheh'rak:16th (TGV)
      leh-shehr-~:16th ~
    leh-shehik:16 (adj.)
  leh-steh:17 (enum., card.)
    leh-steh'rak:17th (TGV)
      leh-stehr-~:17th ~
    leh-stehik:17 (adj.)
  leh-oh:18 (enum., card.)
    leh-oh'rak:18th (TGV)
      leh-ohr-~:18th ~
    leh-ohik:18 (adj.)
  leh-nau:19 (enum., card.)
    leh-nau'rak:19th (TGV)
      leh-naur-~:19th ~
    leh-nauyik:19 (adj.)
  dah-leh:20 (enum., card.)
    dah-leh'rak:20th (TGV)
      dah-lehr-~:20th ~
    dah-lehik:20 (adj.)
    dah-leh kaukuh:25 (card.)
      dah-leh kauyik:25 (adj.)
  reh-leh:30 (enum., card.)
    reh-leh'rak:30th (TGV)
      reh-lehr-~:30th ~
    reh-lehik:30 (adj.)
  keh-leh:40 (enum., card.)
    keh-leh'rak:40th (TGV)
      keh-lehr-~:40th ~
    keh-lehik:40 (adj.)
  kau-leh:50 (enum., card.)
    kau-leh'rak:50th (TGV)
      kau-lehr-~:50th ~
    kau-lehik:50 (adj.)
  sheh-leh:60 (enum., card.)
    sheh-leh'rak:60th (TGV)
      sheh-lehr:60th ~
    sheh-lehik:60 (adj.)
  steh-leh:70 (enum., card.)
    steh-leh'rak:70th (TGV)
      steh-lehr:70th ~
    steh-lehik:70 (adj.)
  oh-leh:80 (enum., card.)
    oh-leh'rak:80th (TGV)
      oh-lehr-~:80th ~
    oh-lehik:80 (adj.)
  nau-leh:90 (enum., card.)
    nau-leh'rak:90th (TGV)
      nau-lehr-~:90th ~
    nau-lehik:90 (adj.)
leipau:(to) bake
  ex=Leipau Sonok kap.:Sonok bakes a bread.
leitri:toy
lesek:joint (n.) (anat.)
  # lesek-mal-aushfa:[see /aushfa/]
  # lesek-masu:[see /masu/]
  # lesek-pi'fek:["joint-?-?"; see /pi'fek/]
  el-lesek:synovial joint (anat.) ["?-joint"]
  mal-nef-lesek:knee joint (anat.) ["leg-?-joint"]
  ozh-lesek:knuckle ["?-joint"]
  sa'ovau-lesek:expansion joint (tech.) ["?-joint"]
li-fal:example
  li-falik:example|exemplary (adj.)
    ex=li-falik zhit-feim:example vocabulary
lipau:knife
littau:?
litra:culture (med.) [inferred]
lof:purpose
lo'uk:great|large
lu:when
  ex=Lasha sa-mekh t'du lu.:When does your father arrive? ["Arrive father of-you when."]
ma:(to) have|own|possess
  ex=Ma sa-kan dukal heh kep - ko-kan mokuv heh leitri.:The boy owns a ball and a gong; the girl a ring and a toy.
  ex=>Ma etek natyan — teretuhr lau etek shetau weh-lo'uk do tum t'on.<:"We have differences. May we, together, become greater than the sum of both of us:" —Surak [">Have we difference — together may we grow greater than sum of-us.<"]
  mat:possession
ma~:very ~|highly ~|exceptional(ly) ~|extra~|ultra~
  ex=:see /pi/ and /suk/
maat:clan
  maat-pid-kom:clan matriarch ["clan-high-mother"; from /ko-mekh/]
  pi'maat:family ["small-clan"]
mahr:buy (n.)
  mahr-kel:market|store ["buy-building"]
  mahr-tor:(to) buy
    ex=Mahr-tor Sonok uzh wak-vel.:Sonok buys a new clock.
    mahran:buying
makh:glass [inferred]
  makh-tuhlau'es:glassiness (geol.) ["glass-contain-noun"]
mal:leg (n.)
  fa-mal:foreleg (biol.) ["fore-leg"]
  mal-nef:knee (n.) (biol.) ["leg-?"]
  mal-nik:ankle (biol.) ["leg-?"]
  keh-shif-malfa:arachnid (biol.) ["four-?-leg-animal"]
  malanu:pants
malat:nature (n.)
  malatik:natural
  malatuvauk:naturalized (adj.) (biol.)
  malat-~:natural ~
    malat-dvelan:natural selection (biol.) ["nature-?"]
    malat-lap-shal:natural woodland (biol.) ["nature-tree-zone"]
    malat-nemut:natural enemy (biol.) ["nature-enemy"]
    malat-tal:ecology (study) (biol.) ["nature-study"]
    malat-tash:natural control (biol.) ["nature-control"]
masu:water|fluid
  masu'es:moisture
  masupik:wet
    ex=Nam-tor nash-gad masupik.:It is wet today. ["To-be this-day wet."]
    ex=Sonok heh T'Luki masupik heh samek.:Sonok and T'Luki are wet and cold.
  lesek-masu:synovial fluid (med.) ["joint-water"; see /lesek/]
  nuk-masu:? ["low-water"]
    ulidar t'nuk-masu:low-water mark (geo.) ["scar of low-water"]
      nuk-masu'es-kasik:xeric (adj.) (biol.)
      nuk-masu'es-kastik:xerophyte (biol.)
    svi-wak t'nuk-masu:low-water interval (ocean.) ["inside-time of-low-water"]
    nuk-mashen:low tide (ocean.)
      dan-nuk-mashen:neap tide (ocean.)
  slor-masu:freshwater ["sweet-water"]
    # slor-masu-tuhlek:[see /tuhlek/]
  nemashau:(to) dehydrate ["under-hydrate"]
    nemashaya:dehydration ["under-hydration"]
  mag:thirst
    k'mag:thirsty ["with-thirst"]
math:plate (n.)
maut:?
mashya:/Mashya/ (a type of vegetable)
mavau:(to) play
mazhiv:sand(s) (n.)
Melkotsu:Melkotian
mes'~:across ~
  mesakh'~:beyond ~
mes(-~):(a)cross-~
  mesakh-~:trans~
    mes-~:trans~
      mes-sef:transverse dune
    mesakh-dvunik tvi-shal:transkinetic chamber ["trans-moving inside-zone"]
    mesakh-tchas-tvur:transwarp corridor ["trans-warp-corridor"]
    mesakh-tchas-yeturek (MTY):transwarp drive ["trans-warp-drive"]
    mesah:catwalk (tech.) [the gangway for maintaining the warp core]
  sha'meskar-falek:latent heat ["?-heat"]
  og-lum-mesklam:needle holder
    numo-mevik og-lum-mesklam:microvascular needle holder ["micro-? needle-holder"]
    tvi-khaf-spolik og-lum-mesklam:intracardiac needle holder ["inside-heart needle-holder"]
  (spitau-)zus-meskarayek:drill chuck (tech.) ["(?-)?-?"]
  nalatra-meskaraunik wonil-kik-ruskarayek:tissue holding /tenaculum forceps/ ["cell-? ?-?-?"]
  to-mesksu:police officer|policeman ["working-?-person"]
  mesnoshek:transtator
    falun-krus-mesnoshek:ion transtator ["?-transtator"]
  messahran:overrunning (n.) (meteo.) ["across-running"]
  messolektra-izh-haltan:cross-country skiing ["cross-?-?-?"]
  mestau:(to) contact [inferred]
    mestaya:contact (n.) [inferred from /mestaya-ek'rubah'es/]
      mestaya-gisam:contact poison (biol.)
  mestev-tor:(to) fall across
    mestevan:across-fall, falling-across
  ek'mesukh-stari-vel (ESV):universal translator ["all-crossing-translate-thing"]
  mesut:bridge (structure)|pons (med.) ["across-noun"]
  mesya:/mesya/ (game similar to "tag")
  mesyut-~:counter(-)~|anti(-)~|retro~|back~ [inferred]
    mesyut-ha'gelan:counter-illumination (ocean.)
    mesyut-kharat-dan:anticyclonic rotation (meteo.) ["?-?-rotation"]
    mesyut-kharat-dvun:retrograde motion (meteo.) ["?-?-move"]
    mesyut-kharat-praduk:backdoor front (meteo.) ["?-?-?"]
      mesyut-kharatik:cum sole (ocean.) 
    mesyut-kuran:countershading (ocean.) ["?-coloring"] 
  mes-thonek:calipers (med.) ["across-meter"; see /thonek/]
  mes-tvi-temok:transverse bulkhead ["across-inside-wall"]
  mes-zhel:transverse band (meteo.) ["across-band"]
mev:duct (med., tech.)|vessel (med.)|tube (meteo., ocean., tech.)|conduit (tech.)|pipe (tech.)
  numo-pi'mev:microtubule (biol.) ["microscopic-small-tube"] 
  pi'mev t'kas-sa-nei:pollen tube (biol.) ["small-tube of-?-?-?"]
  solek-pi'mev-torai:capillary action (med.) ["?-small-vessel-?"]
  solek-pi'mev-masu'es:capillary moisture (med.) ["?-small-vessel-moisture"]
  lap-pi'mev:vein (bot.) ["tree-small-vessel"]
  naskonn-zul-mev:volcanic pipe (geol.) ["?-lava-pipe"]
  esh-mev:airway (biol.) ["breathe-duct"]
    esh-mev-klotaya:airway obstruction (biol.) ["breathe-duct-?"]
  khaf-mev-eikangnal:aneurysm (med.) ["blood-vessel-?"]
  kov-mev s'fal-masu-toran:hydrothermal vein (geol.) ["rock-duct from-hot-water-?"]
  mor-mevaya:venation ["?-vessel-noun"] 
  pekh-mev-tal:proctology (sci.) ["?-duct-study"]
  sov-mev-klotaya:air embolism (med.) ["?-duct-?"]
  uzh-khaf-mev:artery (biol.) ["new-blood-vessel"] 
    pi'uzh-khaf-mev:arteriole (biol.) ["small-new-blood-vessel"] 
    tik uzh-khaf-mev:aorta (biol.) ["? new-blood-vessel"] 
  vukhut-mev-tal:angiology (sci.) ["body-vessel-study"]
    vukhut-mevsu:angiologist (med.) ["body-vessel-person"]
  # yokul-mev:[see /yokul/]
  yu-mur-mev:oviduct (biol.) ["?-?-duct"]
  zul-mev:dike (lava) (geol.) ["lava-duct"]
    mokuv-zul-mev:ring dike (geol.) ["ring-lava-duct"]
  # mev-gnal:[see /gnal/]
mevak:/Mevak/ (a hollow-stemmed, reed-like plant)
mik:?
mikh:eye (anc.; obs.)
min:glow (n.)
  min-tor:(to) glow
    ex=Min-tor yon fna'krani svi'suk'kelek fi'fau-yut.:The fire glows in the window of the big house on the street.
mlan:?
moh:1000000000 (billion, short scale; enum., card.)
  moh'rak:1000000000th (billionth, short scale; TGV)
    mohr-~:1000000000th (billionth, short scale)
  mohik:1000000000 (billion, short scale; adj.)
mol-kur:magenta
mon-tor:(to) drink
  monek:cup
moos:?
mor:leaf
mor-gril:Mor-gril (a wolverine-like animal)
mu'yor:night (anc.) [originally a compound word]
  ex=Gla-tor etek wuh'rak yel t'mu'yor.:We see the first star of the night. ["See we first star of-night."]
  ek'mu'yor:all night 
muhl:healthy|well
  ex=Sonok muhl hi T'Luki has-bosh.:Sonok is healthy but T'Luki is ill.
  muhl-bosh(-~):healthy ~
muhs:vapor (n.) (geo.)
  masu-muhs-brun:water vapor plume (meteo.) ["water-vapor-?"]
  masutra-muhs:sea smoke ["?-vapor"] (ocean.)
  # muhs-vihish:[see /vihish/]
muhskito-ruskarayek:mosquito forceps (med.) ["mosquito-?"]
mutau:(to) pass
  mutaya:pass (n.)
  pamutau:(to) bypass)
    pamutaya:bypass (n.)
muzh:pond|pool
  suk'muzh:lake
    pseth-eik-yerakik rilik suk'muzh:bolson ["?-?-? without-? lake"; a semiarid, flat-floored desert valley or depression, usually centred on a playa or salt pan and entirely surrounded by hills or mountains.]
    zul-muzh:lava lake
na'~:at|to(wards)|for ~
nafek:organ (med.)
  pi'nafek:gland ["small organ"]
nahr:discipline
  ex=:[see /Kolinahr/]
  Nath-Pal-Nahr:?
nahp:thoughts
  ex=>Nahp - hif-bi tu throks.<:Your thoughts, give them to me. ["Thoughts - to-me you give."]
nakarat:endeavor (n.)
nakh-tor:(to) index
  mes-nakh-tor:(to) cross-index
    mes-nakhan:cross-indexing
nala:cell
  nala-litra:cell culture
  nalatra:tissue
    nalatra-tin t'el-lesek:synovial membrane ["tissue-layer of-?-joint"; see /lesek/]
    sakasu-nalatra-neshuhk:biotroph ["bring-out-being-tissue-parasite"]
    torupik nalatra-ifis:active transport ["working tissue-transport"]
naliveh:?
nam:existence
  nam-tor:(to) be|exist
    ex=Nam-tor la reh Vuhlkansu -- Sarek - Spohkh heh Saavik.:There are three Vulcans here: Sarek, Spock and Saavik.
    ex=Nam-tor wehk pla-kur kovlar svi'solai hi zam yon-kur kovlar.:There are many blue stones on the field but few red stones.
    nam-tor ish:that is ["to-be it"]
  namishau:(to) adjust ["existence-now-break"?]
    namishaya:adjustment
nash-~:this ~
  nash-veh:I|me ["this-one"]
    onash-veh:me [when spoken by a superior about themselves, "honored this-one"]
    t'nash-veh:my|mine 
nashiv-tor:(to) attack
  nashivan:attacking
    ravot-nashivanik:entomopathogenic (adj., med.) ["insect-attacking"]
natuhn:box
natya(-~):different ~
  ex=>Na'natya-is - natya-shid.<:"For different use, a different form." —Tenek of Shi'Han
  natyan:difference
navun:success
nau:9 (enum.)
  nau'rak:9th (TGV)
    naur-~:9th ~
  nauyik:9 (adj.)
  naukuh:9 (card.)
ne(-~):under~|sub~
  nehau:(to) rot ["under-add"]
    ex=Nehau urozh svi'solai.:The crops are rotting in the field.
  # ne-yartra:[see /yar/]
ne'~:below|under ~
nef:shelf
nehg:?
nei:?
nem-tor:(to) take
  ex=Vesht tar-tor Surak >Nam-tor ri thrap wilat nem-tor rim.<:Surak said, "There is no offense where none is taken." ["Past say Surak >Be not offense where to-take none.<"]
  nemut:enemy ["he who takes (e.g. water, without asking)"]
nenik:simple (gr.)
nentu:frame
  starun-nentular:speech frames ("> — <") [used as quotation marks/double quotes in FSE]
    ex=:[see /nemtor/ for ex.]
  tresh-nentular:split-frames ("¦ — ¦") [used for emphasis, like bolding or capitals in FSE]
    ex=Nam-tor ish ¦suk¦ sehlat..:That is a *big* /sehlat/!
  tuhsk-nentular|wuh-nentular:comment frames|single frames ("| — |") [used like parantheses in FSE]
    ex=Dungi nam-tor keh os-yel-hali | ek s'kadvin | moguhshau.:Four old starships (all out of commission) will be scrapped. ["Will be four old-star-ship (all out-of-commission) scrap."]
nesh-tor:(to) cut
  el'neshek:scissors
  neshuhk:parasite (biol.)
    neshuhkolsu:parasitoid
    ek'neshuhk:obligate parasite
    ne-neshuhk:hyperparasite
    on-neshuhk:facultative parasite
    si-neshuhk:ectoparasite
    tvi-neshuhk:endoparasite
    ul-neshuhk-kastik:partial parasite (bot.) ["partial-parasite-plant"]
neshuk:ink (n.)
  nesh-kur:black ["ink-color"]
    ex=Sehlat nesh-kur hi le-matya wan-kur.:The /sehlat/ is black but the /le-matya/ is white. 
    nesh-~:black ~
nev-kur:maroon (color)
ni:so
nikh:eye (anc., obs.) [only used poetically in Golic Vulcan]
nodolau:?
norn-la-hal:/Norn-la-hal/ (change of status from child to adult; anc.)
noshau:(to) stand
  nosh:condition [inferred]
    nosh-rubaik tor-zhit:condition-change verb (gr.) ["condition-changing do-word"]
    nosh t'nuk-khaf-spol:bathycardia (med.)
    # nosh-vohraya:[see /vohraya/]
    # nosh-zhit:condition-word (gr.)
    ek'nosh:climate (meteo.) ["all-condition"; inferred]
      suk'shal-ek'nosh:macroclimate (biol.) ["big-zone-all-condition"]
      pi'shal-ek'nosh:microclimate (biol.) ["small-zone-all-condition"]
      pid-samek-ek'nosh:boreal climate (meteo.) ["high-cold-all-condition"]
    esh-pehkaya-nosh:apnea (med.) ["breathe-stop-condition"]
    fam-dvunel-nosh:akinesia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    fam-fnish-nosh:anosmia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    rika-tchakat-nosh:astigmatism (med.) ["not-same-?-condition"]
    fam-kitaya-nosh:agraphia (med.) ["without-writing-condition"]
    fam-kur-nosh:albinism (med.) ["without-color-condition"]
    natya-mor-nosh:heterophylly (biol.) ["different-?-condition"]
    fam-naglashaya-nosh:agnosia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    rish-nahp-nosh:acataphasia (med.) ["?-thoughts-condition"]
    dvunek-pak-nosh:amyotrophia (med.) ["?-?-condition"]
    (dvunekik) karik'es-pak-nosh:asthenia (med.) ["(?) ?-?-?-condition"]
    fam-sakal-nosh:anorchia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    pid-sash-nosh:acidemia (med.) ["high-acidic-condition"]
    ritsuri-sash-nosh:acidosis (med.) ["irregular-acidic-condition"]
    fam-sharushan-nosh:atresia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    sokasitau-solek-nosh:tilth (biol.) ["?-?-condition"]
    pid-sovash-nosh:alkalemia (med.) ["high-alkaline-condition"]
    ritsuri-sovash-nosh:alkalosis ["irregular-alkaline-condition"]
    fam-thas-nosh:agalactia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    fam-thasek-nosh:amastia (med.) ["without-?-nosh"]
    ritsuri-vazhaya-nosh:anuria (med.) ["irregular-?-condition"]
    spoh-wadi-nosh:achromasia (med.) ["?-?-condition"]
    fam-zalu-nosh:azymia (med.) ["without-?-condition"]
    pa-noshik:ambient (med.) ["?-conditional"]
    noshtra:characteristic (n.) [inferred]
      prah-noshtralar:acquired characteristics (biol.)
      dau-tukh t'sa-noshtra:androgen (med.)
nu~:down~|downward~
  nuk-~:low-~ [inferred]
    (ritsuri-)nuk-nosh t'hinek-tukh svi'khaf:hypocalcemia (med.) ["(irregular-)low-condition of-?-? inside-blood"]
    (ritsuri-)nuk-nosh t'spoh-tukh svi'khaf:hypokalemia (med.) ["(irregular-)low-condition of-?-? inside-blood"]
    (ritsuri-)nuk-nosh t'alem-tukh svi'khaf:hyponatremia (med.) ["(irregular-)low-condition of-?-? inside-blood"]
    ritsuri-nuk-nosh t'wadi-kur:hypopigmentation (med.) ["irregular-low-condition of-?-color"]
    nuk-krus-storaya:hypoplasia (med.) ["low-?-?"]
    uzh-khaf-mev t'nuk-vukhut:iliac artery (med.) ["new-blood-? of-low-?"]
    os-khaf-mev t'nuk-vukhut:iliac vein (med.) ["old-blood-? of-low-?"]
    nuk-khaf-ne'hish:hypotension (med.) ["low-blood-?"]
    nuh'nuk-esh-tukh svi'khaf:hypoxia (med.) ["too-low-breathe-stuff inside-blood"]
    nuk-nosh t'dah-eshu t'nol-tukh svi'khaf:hypocapnia (med.) ["low-condition of-?-? of-?-? inside-blood"]
    # nuk-nosh t'khaf-slor-tukh:hypoglycemia (med.) ["low-condition of-blood-sweet-stuff"; see /slor/]
    skaun-sa'hafik nuk-sharu:pylorus (med.) ["?-? low-?"]
    stek t'skaun-sa'hafik nuk-sharu:pylorus clamp (med.) ["? of-?-? low-?"]
    dahshayek t'skaun-sa'hafik nuk-sharu:pylorus separator (med.) ["two-? of-?-? low-?"]
    nuk-khrash-thoraya:microburst (meteo.)
      pseth nuk-khrash-thoraya:dry microburst (meteo.) ["? low-?-?"]
      masupik nuk-khrash-thoraya:wet microburst (meteo.) ["? low-?-?"]
    # nuk-mashen:low tide (ocean.) [see /masu/]
    # svi-wak t'nuk-masu:low-water interval (ocean.) ["inside-time of-low-water"; see /nuk-masu/]
    nuk-shal|tra|:lowland(s) (geo.)
      nuktru-~:lowlands ~ (obs.)
        Nuktru-Golik:Lowlands Golic (Vulcan language)
    nuk-skaun-ek'ur:gastrointestinal tract ["low-?-?"]
      yonshaya t'nuk-skaun-ek'ur:gastroenteritis (med.) ["? of-low-?-?"]
    nuk-solek:C-horizon (geo.)
    nuk-wan-karf:scud ["low-cloud-?"]
  numo(-~):microscopic ~
    ex=numo-kushel:an insignificant bird [one that is so small that it is almost not worth mentioning, but can also mean that it is a bird that is totally adorable]
    numo-zan-vel:microscope ["microscopic-view-thing"]
  nu'~:down ~
nuh'~:too ~ (adj.)
o~:honored ~
  # osu:sir|madam ["honored person"; see /su/]
odva:?
og-tor:(to) sew
  ex=Og-tor Sonok os sai-vel.:Sonok sews old clothes.
oh:8 (enum.)
  ex=Stau oh le-matya sehlatlar t'etek.:Eight /le-matyas/ kill our /sehlats/. ["Kill eight /le-matya/ /sehlats/ of-us."]
  oh'rak:8th (TGV)
    ex=Stehr-sehlat nesh-kur hi oh'rak khav-kur.:The 7th /sehlat/ is black but the 8th is brown. ["Seventh-/sehlat/ black but 8th brown."]
    ohr-~:8th ~
  ohik:8 (adj.)
  ohkuh:8 (card.)
ohmor:?
olau:(to) feel
  ex=Olau tu uf.:How are you? ["Feel you how."]
on:ourselves
  ex=:[see /ma/ for ex.] 
ooch:?
opi'~:since ~
oren:study (n.)
  oren-tor:(to) learn|study
orfikkel:ancestors (anc.)
orniaga:irritated (anc.; obs.)
os(-~):old ~
  os-khaf-mev:? ["?-blood-?"]
  ma'os-~:ancient ~
    Mha'us-Gollhìkh:Ancient Golic (Vulcan language)
ot-lan:lieutenant
ozhika:logic 
  ex=Ozhika - fai-tukh heh kenan – nam-tor u'vellar etek saven-tor.:Logic, knowledge and understanding – these are the things we teach.
  ex=>Ozhika -- palik t'kau ri shaht.<:"Logic is the beginning of wisdom, not the end." ["Logic: Beginning of-wisdom not end."]
oveh:saint ["honored one"]
ovsot-~:complete (adj.)
  # ovsot-ek'rubah:[see /rubah/]
  ovsotik:complete (adj. stand-alone)
  ovsotuhl-~:total ~ (adj.)
pa':around|about
  pa'es-~:general ~
    paik:general
  pa'shi-~:clear ~ ["about-place"]
    pa'shik:clear (adj.)
    pa'shau:(to) clear
      pa'shaya:clearing (n.)
      skapa'shau:(to) clear off
        skapa'shaya:clear-off|clearing-off (n.)
pa-~:circum~
pakh:stroke (" - ") [used like comma or semicolon in FSE]
  abu-pakh:up-stroke ("|") [used as a virgule ("/") in FSE or in mathematical fractions]
    ex=Orenal T'Luki terrupik wak-krus 1999|2000.:T'Luki studied the Earth period 1999/2000.
  pakhaik:regular
    ripakhaik:irregular
  dah-pakh:double-stroke (" – ", " -- ") [used like colon or dash in FSE]
  dahshaya-pakh:separation-stroke (" = ") [used like tilde or hyphen in FSE]
  ek'pakh:full-stroke (" — ", " --- ") [used instead of /dah-pakh/ in classical literature; also equiv. to ellipsis in FSE] 
paki-~:lost ~
palikau:(to) begin|commence
  palik:beginning (n.)
    ex=:[see /ozhika/]
pasu:table (n.)
patam-sai:cap|hat
  patanafau:(to) design [inferred]
    patanafaya:design (n.) [inferred]
    sai-veltra-patanafausu:custome designer ["clothes-there-designer"]
patauk:?
pehkau:(to) stop
  pehkaya:stop (n.)
    dah-pehkaya:double-stop ("..") [used like exclamation mark in FSE; avoid]
    ek'pehkaya:full-stop (".")
    reh-pehkaya:triple-stop ("...") [used like triple exclamation mark in FSE; avoid]
      ex=Tuhsau Rihansular Ta'raf-Shal...:The Romulans are crossing the Neutral Zone!!!
    ulef-pehkaya:half-stop ("'") [affix separator, decimal point]
    pehkamitaya:punctuation
pelal:robe
pelakh:filament
pen(-~):short
pi((')~):little|small
  ex=Sehlat pi.:The /sehlat/ is small.
  ex=Sehlat pi hi le-matya suk.:The /sehlat/ is small but the /le-matya/ is big.
  ex=T'Luki pi.:T'Luki is small.
  pinu-zhit:diminutive (n.)
pi-~:(diminutive) [not to be confused with /pi'/; difference in pronunciation is the missing glottal stop]
  ex=pi-kushel:a little or small bird [can mean size, maturity and/or suggest a level of cuteness or affection]
  ex=pi-T'lar:Li'l T'lar [use with children only] 
  mapi-~:very little|small|tiny (diminutive) [see /ma/]
    ex=mapi-kushel:a very little or very small bird [can mean it is very young, a hatchling and/or suggest a level of extreme cuteness or affection]
pid:high 
  pid-kom:matriarch ["high-mother"; from /ko-mekh/]
  pid-masu'es-kasik:hydric (adj.) ["high-moisture-plant-related"]
  pid-masu'es-kastik:hydrophyte ["high-moisture-plant"]
  pidsu:Lord ["high-person"]
    Opidsu:Lord ["honored-high-person"]
pi'fek:?
  lesek-pi'fek:culm (biol.)
pi'sef:?
pihl:?
pil-tor:(to) prepare (food)
  ex=Pil-tor T'Luki yem-tukh.:T'Luki prepares food. ["Prepare T'Luki food."]
  pilsu:cook|food preparer
    opilsu:chef ["honored-person-preparing-food"]
pitoh:note
pla'~:back(-~) ~|retro(-~) ~
  pla'dor:dorsal [inferred]
    # pla'dor-ralek:[see /ralek/]
  pla'rak:reverse [inferred]
    # pla'rak-tselaya:[see /tselaya/]
  fu-pla'hinek-zehl:notochord (med.) ["leading-back-bone-line"]
pla-~:blue ~
  pla-kur:blue
plo-~:quasi-~|somewhat like ~|sort of ~
po:why
  ex=Nam-tor du tab-ma va'ashiv po.:Why are you late again? ["Be you late again why."]
po'~:after ~ (chron.)
po-~:after~|post-~
pohkau:(to) mind
polau:(to) jump [?]
  the'polau:(to) sauté
    ex=The'polau Opilsu nev-kur sazhlar.:The chef sautés the maroon-colored vegetable.
pontau:(to) breed|mate [inferred]
  pon farr:/Pon farr/ (anc.) ["breeding time"]
  pontal:bred
poprah:(to) receive
  ex=>I'poprah fasei setebihk t'ovsotuhl-ozhika.<:"Now receive from us this symbol of total logic." ["Now-receive this-here symbol of-total-logic."]
  proprahik:received [inferred] 
pral:wave (n.)
  dah-pral:double-wave (" ﹌ ") [used as "et al." is used in FSE]
    ex=Kital s'Sonok - T'Pral - Voluk ﹌:Written by Sonok, T'Pral, Voluk et al.
psethau:(to) dry (out)
  pseth-~:dry ~
    # pseth-tevun-yonuk:[see /tevun-yonuk/]
pstha:(to) search [irr. strong v.]
  ex=Pstha Sonok laptra na'sehlat.:Sonok searches the forest for the /sehlat/.
  ex=Pstha T'Luki muzh na'aluklar.:T'Luki searches the pond for fish.
  psthan:search (n.)
  psthayan:searching
pthak:?
  pthak-bosh:?
puk-tor:(to) fight
puyek:washer (appliance)
  sov-puyek:air cleaner
  # puyan-achut:[see /achut/]
  ek'puyik:sterile ["full-?"]
ra:what
  ex=Nam-tor wak ra.:What time is it? ["Be time what."]
  ragtau:(to) introduce [inferred]
    ragtaya:introduction
      ragtayalar:introductions
rai:no
  ri:not
    ex=ri bolau nash-veh:I do not need ["not need this-one"]
    ex=Ri tishau sa-veh ko-veh.:He does not like her. ["Not like male-one female-one."]
    ex=Tishau sa-veh ri ko-veh.:he does not like *her*. ["Like male-one not female-one."]
    ex=Tishau ri sa-veh ko-veh,:*He* does not like her. [Like not male-one female-one."]
    ex=Tishau Sonok T'Sau hi ri T'Pan,:Sonok likes T'Sau but not T'Pan. ["Likes Sonok T'Sau but not T'Pan."]
    ex=Tishau ri Sonok hi Stonn T'Pol.:Sonok does not like Stonn but he likes T'Pol. [single verb is not repeated: "Likes not Sonok but Stonn T'Pol."]
    ex=Ri tishau Sonok heh Stonn T'Pol.:Sonok and Stonn don't like T'Pol. ["Not like Sonok and Stonn T'Pol."]
    ex=Ri tishau il bolau Sonok uzh dunaplar.:Sonok does not like or need new books. ["Not like or need Sonok new books."]
    ex=Tishau hi ri bolau Sonok uzh dunaplar.:Sonok likes but does not need new books. ["Like but not need Sonok new books."]
    ex=Ri tishau mavau T'Pan ka'athaira.:T'Pan does not like to play the /ka'athyra/. [/ri/ precedes helper verb: "Not like play T'Pan /ka'athyra/."]
    ex=Ri tishau nash-veh du.:I do not like you.
    ex=Ri tishau sehlat nash-veh.:The /sehlat/ does not like me.
    ex=Ri tishau Sonok T'Pan.:Sonok does not like T'Pan.
    ex=Ri tishau sa-veh nash-veh il ko-veh.:He does not like me or her.
    ex=Tishau T'Pol Stonn hi ri Sonok.:T'Pol likes Stonn but not Sonok.
    ex=Ri tishau le-matya etek.:The le-matya does not like us.
    ex=Tishau Stonn heh Sonok nash-veh hi ri du.:Stonn and Sonok like me but not you.
    ex=Tishau savas hi ri kahm.:We like fruit but not meat.
    ex=Tishau T'Pol ri Stonn hi Sonok.:T'Pol does not like Stonn but likes Sonok.
    ex=Tishau du Stonn - T'Pol heh T'Pan hi ri Sonok.:You like Stonn, T'Pol and T'Pan but not Sonok.
    ex=Ri tishau Sonok Stonn - T'Pol il T'Pan.:Sonok does not like Stonn, T'Pol or T'Pan.
    ex=Tishau hi ri bolau T'Luki shur.:T'Luki likes but does not need soup.
    ex=Ri tishau mavau Stonn ryill.:Stonn does not like to play the /ryill/.
    ex=Tishau tu ri nash-veh.:You do not like me.
    ex=Ri tishau sehlat Spola.:The /sehlat/ does not like Spola.
    ex=Ri tishau T'Pan Sonok.:T'Pan does not like Sonok.
    ex=Ri tishau au nash-veh il du.:They do not like me or you.
    ex=Tishau Kirk McCoy hi ri Bishop.:Kirk likes McCoy but not Bishop.
    ex=Ri tishau le-matya sa-veh.:The le-matya does not like him.
    ex=Tishau nash-veh kahm hi ri savas.:I do not like meat but I like fruit.
    ex=Tishau T'Pring ri Spock hi Stonn.:T'Pring does not like Spock but she likes Stonn.
    ex=Tishau Sonok heh Stonn du hi ri nash-veh.:Sonok and Stonn like you but not me.
    ex=Tishau ko-veh Sonok - T'Luki eh T'Sai hi ri T'Pol.:Sonok likes her, T'Luki and T'Sai, but not T'Pol.
    ex=Ri tishau Vorik Stonn - T'Pring il T'San.:Vorik does not like Stonn, T'Pring or T'San.
    ex=Tishau hi ri bolau Sonak thas.:Sonok likes but does not need /thas/.
    ex=Ri tishau mavau Tuvok kal-toh.:Tuvok does not like to play /kal-toh/.
    ri~:no-|non-~|ir-~|anti-~
      Rihansu:Romulan ["no-?-person"]
    ri-~:no(-)~|non(-)~|il~|ir~
    rik'~:without ~
    rim:none
    riyin:negation
Raidzhelsu:Rigellian
rak:direction [inferred from /she'rak/ etc.]
ralash:sound
  ralash-fam-~:silent ~ ["sound-without"]
    ralash-famik:silent
  ralash-tanaf:music ["sound-art"]
ralek:fin (biol.)|dorsal (tech.) [partially inferred]
  pla'dor-ralek:dorsal fin (biol.)
  harr-ralek:caudal fin
  tersau-ralek:connecting dorsal (tech.) ["connect-fin"]
  # ralek-weil:[see /weil/]
ras(-~):heavy ~
  rasath:weight (n.)
rasahkos:bad
  weh-rasahkos:worse
ravot:insect|bug
rau-nol:?
redzh(-~):mild
reh:three (enum.)
  ex=Ma ko-veh reh snauk.:She has three forks. ["Have female-one three fork."]
  ex=Nesh-tor ko-kan reh krus t'kap.:The girl slices three loafs of bread. ["Cut girl three piece of-bread."]
  reh-~:tri-~|triple-~
  reh'rak:third (TGV)
    rehr-~:third ~
  rehik:three (adj.)
  rehkuh:three (card.)
resha:(to) rage
  reshan:rage (n.)
  reshen-~:angry ~
    reshnek:angry
ret'kuv:washer (spacer)
# ri(k'~):[see /rai/]
rihinek:cartilage (biol.)
  rihinek-pleshek:cartilage crusher (med.)
ro'fori:information (anc.) [originally a compound word]
rom(-~):good ~
  ohrom:excellent ["eightfold good"]
  rok-tor:(to) hope
    ex=Rok-tor nash-veh tal-tor os-dunap.:I hope to find the old book. ["Hopes this-one to-find old-book."]
  weh-rom:better
ru'lut:mouth
  ru'lut-masu:saliva ["mouth-water"]
  ru'lut-sai:napkin ["mouth-cloth"]
rubah:change (n.)
  ex=>Rubah -- gehnli tor-bosh t'ek'nam.<:"Change is the essential process of all existence." ["Change: Essential process of-all-existence."]
  rubah'es=metamorphism
    mestaya-ek'rubah'es:contact metamorphism
  ek'rubah:metamorphosis ["full-change"]
    ovsot-ek'rubah:complete metamorphosis ["total-metamorphosis"]
    vohr-ek'rubah:gradual metamorphosis ["slow-metamorphosis"]
  # ha'gel-rubah-dvun:[see /ha'gel/]
  rubai:(to) change ["change-now"; see /i'/?]
  wakrubau:(to) evolve [inferred]
    wakrubaya:evolution ["time-change"]
  rubihalan:transition (n.) ["change-going"]
  rubilau:(to) adapt
    rubilau-vel:adapter ["adapt-thing"]
    rubilaya:adaptation
  rubitau:(to) modify [inferred]
    rub-zhit:adjective ["modifying-word"]
      rub-zhit-shidlar:adjectival forms
    rubitaya:alteration|modification (n.)
    rubitayek:modifier
s':from|out of|by ~ [as in the author of, etc.]
sa~:ex~|outward(-) ~|from out of|away from (comb.)
sa(-~):male
  sa-kan:boy ["male-child"]
  sa-kozauk:male-specific
  sa-mekh:father
    osa-mekh:father ["honored father"]
  sa-telsu:husband
    ex=Sonok dah'rak sa-telsu t'nash-veh.:Sonok is my second husband. ["Sonok second husband of-this-one."]
  sa-veh:he ["male-one"; TGV]
    t'sa-veh:his
      ex=Nem-tor ko-kan dunap t'sa-veh.:The girl takes his book.
  sasu:man|male (n.) ["male-person"]
    osa(su):gentleman|sir ["honored man"]
  sayik:male (standal. adj.)
sahr-~:fast ~
  sahran:running
    ex=sahran-sehlat:the running /sehlat/
  sahris:fast
  sahriv:storm (n.)
sahrafel:(to) trust
sai-vel:clothes ["?-thing"?]
  sai-veltra:custome ["clothes-there"; inferred]
sal:blow (n.) [wind]
  salur:(to) blow [wind; irr. strong v.]
    ex=Salur salan.:The wind blows.
    ex=Salur sahris salan.:The wind is blowing quickly. [adverbial form]
    ex=Salur sahr-salan.:The quick wind is blowing. [adjectival form]
    saluran:blowing
  salan:wind
    tevun-yonuk-planik falek-yetur-salan:monsoon ["season-backed heat-drive(n)-wind"]
sala-~:native ~
  salatik:native
  salasharaya:pronunciation ["native-?"]
  salasu:native (n.) ["native-person"]
sam-~:cold ~
  samek:cold (adj.)
    pid-samek:boreal ["high-cold"; inferred] 
      # pid-samek-ek'nosh:[see /ek'nosh/] 
      pid-samek-kastik:hekistotherm ["high-cold-plant-related"]
      pid-samek-laptra:boreal forest ["high-cold-tree-there"]
samm:?
sanoi:?
sarlah:(to) come|arrive
  ex=Sarlah wuh le-matya..:There is a le-matya coming!
  ex=Vesht sarlah nemut | Kardassular || il sos'eh Dzhem-Hadaru || |.:The enemy (the Cardassians [or perhaps the Jem-Hadar]) arrived.
  ex=ki'sarlah:has come|arrived
  abu-sarlah:(to) come up
    abu-sarlahn:coming-up|upcoming
  fasarlah:(to) come forward
    fasarlahn:coming-forward|forward-coming
  nusarlah:(to) come down, descend
    nusarlahn:come-down, down-coming, descent (n.)
  visarlah:(to) come in/into|enter [referring to beings; otherwise use /svi-tor/]
    visarlahn:coming-in|in-coming|entry
sash-~:acidic ~
  sashik:acidic
  sash-savas:citrus-like fruit ["acidic-fruit"]
sastorau:(to) make a breakthrough
  sastoraya:breakthrough
saul:shout (n.)
  saul-tor:(to) shout
savas:fruit
sav'el:shirt
saven-tor:(to) teach
  savensu:teacher ["teaching-person"; usually /osavensu/, see o~]
    osavensu:teacher ["honored teacher", as a token of respect]
sayek:?
sazh:vegetable
sees:?
seheik:pilgrims (borr.) ["declared ones"]
sehlat:/sehlat/ (bear-like, often domesticated, animal, with six-inch fangs)
  ex=nesh-kur sehlat:black (kind of) /sehlat/
sehtebihk:symbol (n.)
  ahm-sehtebihk:name symbol (" ° ") [used as italics are used with names and titles in FSE]
  heh-sehtebihk:and symbol (" • ") [used as an ampersand is used in FSE]
    ex=Vesht telv-tor nash-veh dunap °Dor • Gu-Vam°.:I read (in the past) the book "Honor & Duty".
  shiyu-sehtebihk:degree symbol (" ¯ ") [used as the degree symbol is used in FSE]
    ex=Nam-tor falek'es 45 ¯C.:The temperature is 45 °C.
  su'us-sehtebihk:number symbol ("ℵ") [used as "#" is used in FSE]
    ex=Bolau T'Krel ℵ2 kitau-fek.:T'Krel needs a #2 pencil.
  zek-sehtebihk:order symbol (" ☐ ") [used as an ordinal indicator like "nd", "rd", "st" and "th" are used with numbers in FSE, although normally limited to handwritten text]
    ex=Nam-tor Spock 1☐ heh Kirk 2☐.:Spock is 1st and Kirk is 2nd. 
sele-an t'li:/Sele-an-t'li/ (secondary level of adult discipline; anc.)
senepa:?
set-tor:(to) drop
  ex=Set-tor Rihansu suk'snauk fi'yar-pasu.:The Romulan drops the big fork on the green table.
sfith:?
sha':(your|his|her|its|our|your (pl.)|their) own [personal possessive)]
shad (MGV)|shi'nahp (TGV):brain
shan:transfer (n.) [inferred from /shan-hali/ and /lashan/]
  shaht:end (n.)
shahov:beach (n.)
  pid-shahov:backshore (geol.) ["high-beach"]
shai-~:self-~
shati-~:auto-~|automatic ~
  shatik:automatic
shau:(to) break
  shaukaush:passion(s) (anc.) ["break-wisdom"]
  dahshau:(to) separate ["two-break"; see /dah/]
    dahshaya:separation
  shai:self
    shailar:selves ["self-plural"]
      ek'shailar:themselves ["all-selves"]
  shaik:odd ["broken"]
  shal:zone (n.) ["broken thing"]
    ek'shal:-sphere ["all-zone"; as in "biosphere" etc.]
    elkhrul-shal:area ["whole-zone"]
  shaya:break (n.)
    shayaf:ego
      ex=masuk-shayaf:a very big ego [insult]
    tal-shaya:/Tal-shaya/ (anc. technique once used for merciful execution) ["study-of-breaking" another's neck with one hand]
  moguhshau:(to) scrap ["?-debris-verb"]
    guhsh(-tukh):debris (geol.)
      guhsh-skish:debris avalance (geol.) ["debris-?"]
      guhsh-yumaya:debris flow (geol.) ["debris-?"]
      ha-guhsh:detritus (biol.) ["life-debris"]
        # ha-guhsh-kov:[see /kov/]
  pleshau:(to) crush [inferred]
    plesh:crush (n.)
      plesh-gluder:crush depth (ocean.)
  svi-shau:(to) interrupt ["into-break"]
    svi-shaya:interruption
  vashau:(to) destroy ["infinite-break"; see /Va'Vuhnaya s'Va'Terishlar/]
    ex=Vashau salan svailar svi'ne-yartra.:The wind is destroying the flowers in the meadow.
  vravshau:(to) fail [reg. strong v.]
    ex=Vravshau sa-kan nisan.:The boy fails the test.
    ex=>Du vravshal srashiv t'Kolinahr.<:"*You* have not achieved Kolinahr." ["*You* failed achievement of-Kolinahr."; /du/ moved for emphasis]
    vravshaun:failing
    vravshaya:failure
she:scream (n.) ["raised voice"?]
  shei:(to) scream [irr. strong v.]
    ex=Shei le-matya.:The /le-matya/ screams.
    shein:screaming
  shen:rise|ascent (n.)
    she-tor:(to) rise|ascend|go up
      sheyan:rising|ascending
    she'rak:east ["rise-direction"; referring to sunrise]
  shetau:(to) grow
    ex=:[see /ma/ for ex.]
  shoret:(to) call out|beckon
    kwi'shoret:(to) call out to/beckon from far away
      ex=:[see /hokni'es/ for ex.]
      kwi'shoren:calling-out to/beckoning from far away
sheh:6 (enum.)
  shehik:6 (adj.)
  shehkuh:6 (card.)
    sheh'rak:6th (TGV)
      shehr-~:6th ~
shitau:(to) place|put
  ex=Shitau Sonok ras-dunap fi'suk'pasu.:Sonok puts the heavy book on the big table.
  shi'~:place of ~
    shi'dunap:library ["place-of-book"]
    shi'oren:institute ["place-of-study"]
      ex=Shi'Oren t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu:Vulcan Language Institute ["place-of-study of-language Vulcan"]
    shi'kwai:wilderness ["place-of-wild"]
    shi'yon:volcano (colloq.) ["place-of-fire"; see /zul-kunel/]
  shid:form (n.)
    shidorau:(to) form
      shidoraya:forming (ger.)
        ex=Forming Diminutives & Augmentatives:Shidoraya t'Pinu-Zhitlar heh Hayat-Zhitlar
  shit~:(related to position)
    fe-shitak:preposition
      fe-shitakik:prepositional
        ex=fe-shitakik tor-zhitlar:prepositional verbs 
shif:pair
  ex=shiflar t'vel-zhit - tor-zhit:noun-verb pairs
  pashif:(to) match
    pashifan:matching
shivaya:paralysis (med.)
  ul-shivaya:paresis (med.) ["partial-paralysis"]
shur:soup
  shur t'plomik:/plomeek/ soup
    ex=Tishau T'Luki kap k'shur t'plomik t'Sonok.:T'Luki likes bread with Sonok's /plomeek/ soup. 
si'~:outside (of) ~
si-:exo~|outer(-) ~|ecto~|extra(-)~|exterior(-) ~
snauk:fork (n.)
ska'~:off (of) ~
skladan:message
skveon-~:east ~
  Skveon-Mershtijki:East Mershtak
pla'yumaya t'skaun-sa'haf-tuhllar:gastroesophageal reflux ["back-? of-?-?-?"]
slah:fiber (biol.)
  slah-kov|slah-tukh:asbestos
  slahtra:bundle (med.)
    pi'slahtra:fascicle (med.)
slor:sweet [inferred]
  slor-tukh:sugar (biol.) ["sweet-stuff"]
    pid-nosh t'slor-tukh svi'vazh:glycosuria (med.) ["high-? of-sweet-stuff inside-?"]
    kau-slor-tukh:pentose (biol.) ["five-sweet-stuff"]
    lapan-slor-tukh:xylose (biol.) ["?-sweet-stuff"]
    nen-slor-tukh:glucose (biol.) ["single-sweet-stuff"]
      ritsuri-nosh t'nen-slor-tukh svi'vazh:glucosuria (med.) ["irregular-? of-single-sweet-stuff inside-?"]
    khaf-slor-tukh:blood sugar (med.) ["blood-sweet-stuff"; inferred]
      pid-nosh t'khaf-slor-tukh:hyperglycemia (med.) ["high-condition of-blood-sweet-stuff"]
      nuk-nosh t'khaf-slor-tukh:hypoglycemia (med.) ["low-condition of-blood-sweet-stuff"]
    nalesh-slor-tukh:ketose (biol.) ["?-sweet-stuff"]
    potau-slor-tukh:sucrose (biol.) ["?-sweet-stuff"]
    savas-slor-tukh:fructose (biol.) ["fruit-sweet-stuff"]
    sheh-slor-tukh:hexose (biol.) ["six-sweet-stuff"]
    thas-slor-tukh:lactose (biol.) ["?-sweet-stuff"]
smertau:? (v.)
  smertaufa:? (n.)
  smertausu:? (n.)
sochya-bosh(-~):peaceful ~
solai:field (agr., fig.)
suk-sov-dan:cyclone (rotation area) (meteo.) ["big-?-rotation"]
sovash-~:alkaline
  sovashik:alkaline
spahk:claw (n.) (biol.)
  # spahk-mal-aushfa:crustacean (biol.) ["claw-leg-animal"; see /aushfa/]
spo'~:à la|after|in the manner/style of ~
spoh:?
spol:pump (n.)
  # khaf-spol:[see /khaf/]
srashiv:achievement
starun:speech
  stariben:(to) talk
    ex=>Kup stariben (ha).<:"Can you speak?" ["Can speak (yes)."]
stau:(to) kill
  ex=Stau le-matya sehlat t'dular.:The /le-matya/ kills your (pl.) /sehlat/.
steh:7 (enum.)
  steh'rak:7th (TGV)
    stehr-~:7th ~
  stehik:7 (adj.)
  stehkuh:7 (card.)
stonn:?
stor-~:advanced
  ex=stor-shidlar:advanced forms
stron-tor:(to) escape
stukh:(outer) space ["from-stuff"?; see /tukh/]
su:person
  ~su:~ person [e.g. (o)savensu -- (honored) teacher, "(honored) teaching person"]
  osu:gentleman|sir|lady|madam [generic term, "honored person"]
    osular:gentlemen|sirs|ladies|ladies & gentlemen ["honored people"]
su'us:number (n.)
  suk('~):big ~ [augmentative prefix]
    ex=Sonok suk.:Sonok is tall. ["Sonok is big."]
    suk-~:big (augmentative)
      ex=suk-sehlat:a big or large /sehlat/ [can mean size, maturity and/or suggest a level of some clumsiness or brutishness. It can occasionally be taken as an endearment, just as in the FSE construction "big ole /Sehlat/".]
      ex=suk-Spola:Big Spola [only use with children]
      eksuk-~:exceedingly big (augmentative; almost too big to be described) [see /ek/]
        ex=eksuk-sehlat:a gargantuan /sehlat/ [so big, that it is frightening or monstrous. This would conjur up the thought of a cinematic monster, like Godzilla or King Kong.]
      masuk-~:very big (indeed)|gigantic|huge (augmentative) [see /ma/]
        ex=masuk-sehlat:a very big or very large /sehlat/ [can mean it is old, full-grown and/or suggest a high level of clumsiness or brutishness]
    tsuk-~:common ~ ["of-big"?]
      Tsuk-Zukitan:Common Script (Vulcan writing script)
      tsuri(-~):common|regular|usual ~ 
        ritsuri(-~):uncommon|irregular|unusual ~ 
sva'~:between ~
svai:flower
svep:door
  ex=Le-matya na'svep heh sehlat na'yon.:The /le-matya/ is at the door and the /sehlat/ is at the fire.
  ex=Svep pi eh yon suk.:The door is small and the fire is big.
# svi'~:amid(st)|among(st)|in the midst of|inside (of) ~ [see /vi/]
sviti-~:mid~
t'~:of|belonging to ~
t'forti:finally (anc.)
t'hai'la:(close[st]) friend|soulmate [often transcribed /t'hyla/]
t'san s'at:a process of eliminating emotions (anc.)
(ho-)ta'a:/taal/ (traditional Vulcan hand salute) [right hand raised vertically so that the palm is shown to the person greeted; angle between thumb and index finger, and middle and ring finger, to form a "V" each]
ta'raf:neutral
  Ta'raf-Shal:Neutral Zone
tab-ma:late (anc.)
  ta('~):later
tah:unobtainable
  ex=>I'tah tehrai k'etwel.<:"He will not achieve his goal with us." ["Now-unobtainable goal with-us."]
takov(-~):pretty ~
tal:science|study (n.)
  tal-tor:(to) find
    tal-muv:key
    talal:find(ings) (n.)
    patal-tor:(to) detect
      patalan:detection (n.)
tam:dance (n.)
  tam-tor:(to) dance
    taman:dancing
tan-tor:(to) give (MGV)
tanaf:art (n.)
nuk-yem-tanekik:oligotrophic (ocean.) ["low-meal-?"]
tar-tor:(to) say
tash:control (n.)
  tashal (MGV)|tash-shal (TGV):control console
  tashek:control (device)|controller (n.) ["control-all"]
    nazh-tashek:gain control ["?-control-all-"]
    ral'es-tashek:volume control ["?-control"]
    threshyu-tashek:Throttle ["?-control-all"]
    wadi-kash-tashek:dermal sensor control ["?-?-control-all"]
    el'rupik thro-svep-tashek:manual hatch control ["?-? ?-door-control"]
  tash-katrom:control current ["control-?"]
  tash-math:control panel ["control-plate"]
    dakharau-tash-math:helm control panel ["?-control-plate"]
    kharau-tash-math:navigation control panel ["?-control-plate"]
    pohshau-tash-math:fire control panel ["?-control-plate"]
  tash-nelka:control pedestal ["control-?"]
  tash-noshtra-tal:eugenics ["control-characteristic-study"]
    tash-noshtra-talsu:eugenicist ["control-characteristic-study-person"]
  tash-dvunek:coluntary muscle ["control-?"]
  tash-svitan:bridge|command center (naut.) ["control-?"]
    thro-gol'dvunek t'tash-svitan:bridge access relay ["?-? of-command-?"]
    kvath-tash-svitan:emergency bridge ["?-command-?"]
    nel-tash-svitan:main bridge ["?-command-?"]
  tash-tol:regulator gene
  tash-tor:(to) control [inferred]
  ek'nosh-tash:climate control (meteo.) ["all-condition-control"]
  fik-nu-tash:top-down control (ocean.) ["?-down-control"]
  lanet-abu-tash:bottom-up control (ocean.) ["?-up-control"] 
  ha-tash:biological control
  # malat-tash:natural control [see /malat/]
  dvunek-tash-svitan:cerebellum (med.) ["?-control-?"]
  nahp-tash-svitan:cerebrum ["thought-control-?"]
    si-tin t'nahp-tash-svitan:cerebral cortex ["outer-layer of-thought-control-?"]
  folau-tash-kwitek:Reaction-control thruster ["?-control-?"]
  folau-tash-torektra (FTT):reaction-control system (RCS) (tech.) ["?-control-?"]
  kvath-tash-svitan (KTS):auxiliary control (room) (tech.) ["?-control-?"]
  vlaik kwitau-tash-torektra (VKTT):lateral impulse control system ["? ?-control-?"]
  ha'zehl-tash-feretai:beam control assembly ["?-line-control-?"]
  zakar-tash:damage control ["damage-control"]
  vihish-tash-torektra:pressure control system ["pressure-control-?"]
    ek'meklar t'vihish-tash-torektra:pressure control system safeties ["all-? of-pressure-control-?"]
tashuhl:feldspar
  tashuhl-mazhiv-kov:arkose (geol.)
  tashuhnu-tukh:rhyolite (geol.)
  tashuh-~|tashuhk:felsic (geol.)
  rahtek-tashuh:hornfels
taul-tulek:dive tank (ocean.) ["?-?"]
tav:rate (n.) [inferred from /tselau-tav/]
te'koshif:architecture (anc.) [originally a compound word]
teh:100 (enum., card.)
  teh'rak:100th (TGV)
    tehr-~:100th ~
    tehrai:goal (n.)
  tehik:100 (adj.)
  teh kau-leh:150 (enum., card.)
    teh kau-leh'rak:150th (TGV)
      teh kau-lehr-~:150th ~
    teh kau-lehik:150 (adj.)
  dah-teh:200 (enum., card.)
    dah-teh'rak:200th (TGV)
      dah-tehr-~:200th ~
    dah-tehik:200 (adj.)
  leh-teh:1000 (enum., card.)
    leht'rak:1000th
    leh-tehik:1000 (adj.)
    leh-teh kau-teh:1500 (enum., card.)
      leh-teh kau-teh'rak:1500th (TGV)
        leh-teh kau-tehr-~:1500th ~
      leh-teh kau-tehik:1500 (adj.)
    dah-leh-teh:2000 (enum., card.)
      dah-leh-tehik:2000 (adj.)
      dah-leht'rak:2000th
tehn:?
tehn'~:against ~|anti-~
tehn-~:anti-
Tela'at:elder (title of respect for advanced age /Kolinahru/)
Tellarsu:Tellarite
telv-tor:(to) read
temok:wall (n.)
ten-mal:early ["?-leg"]
teresh-kah:/Teresh-kah/ (a type of bird)
  ex=Teresh-kah suk.:The /teresh-kah/ bird is big.
  ex=wan-kur teresh-kah:white /teresh-kah/ bird
teretuhr:together
  terish:combination
  tersau:(to) connect [inferred]
    tersaya:connection [inferred]
    satersau:(to) disconnect
      satersaya:disconnection
    terti-~:compound ~
terra:Terra (Earth) 
  Terrasu:Terran (Earthling)|Human (n.) 
  terrupik:Earth-~|Terran|Human
tessaya:?
tevan:fall|descent (n.)
  tev-tor:(to) fall|descend
    ex=Tev-tor wu-lipau fi'lan-tol.:The long knife falls on the floor.
    # mestev-tor:[see /mes~/]
    nutev-tor:(to) fall down [see /nu/]
      ex=Nutev-tor Sonok kaiden.:Sonok falls down the stairs. ["Fall-down Sonok stairs."; *not*: /Tev-tor Sonok nu'kaiden./]
      nutevan:downfall, falling-down (n.)
    tevyan(-~):falling|descending
      ex=tevyan-morlar:the falling leaves
  tevi-~:dead ~
    tevik:dead
  tevul:crash (n.) ["fallen"]
  tevun:year [inferred]
    tevunik:perennial (adj.) ["yearly"]
    wuh-tevunik:annual (adj.) ["one-yearly"]
    dah-tevunik:biennial (adj.) ["two-yearly"]
    tevun-yonuk:season ["year(ly)-burning"; see /yon/]
      pseth-tevun-yonuk:dry season [see /psethau/]
      to'ovau-tevun-yonuk:growing season [see /to'ovau/]
    teh-tevun:century ["hundred-year"; inferred]
    zho-tevun:millennium ["thousand-year"; inferred]
thanah:adoption
  thanai:(to) adopt [irr. strong v.]
    ex=Thanai Sonok heh T'Luki sa-kan heh ko-kan.:Sonok and T'Luki are adopting a boy and a girl.
    thanain:adopting
thal-tukh:detritus (anorg.)
thel-~:fat ~
  thelik:fat
  thel'an-~:obese ~
    thel'anik:obese
thinoi:?
thon:measurement
  vunai-khlop-thon:field geometry (tech.) ["field-?-measurement"]
    raf-kuv t'vunai-khlop-thon:field geometry circuit (tech.) ["?-? of-field-?-measurement"]
  thon-tor:(to) measure
  thonalik:measured (adj.)
  sov-dukal-vel na'salan-thonan:rawinsonde ["?-?-thing for-wind-measuring"]
  thonan-fek:ruler (med.) ["measuring-?"]
    glu-masutra-thonaya:bathymetry ["deep-?-measuring"]
  thonek:meter (device)
    thonek t'masu-muhs-tuhl:psychrometer ["meter of-water-vapor-contain"]
    thonek t'wan-tin-lanet:ceilometer (meteo.) ["meter of-white-layer-bottom"; device for determining the height of a cloud base]
    thonek t'sov-masu-theklar:disdrometer ["meter of-?-water-?"]
    bal-thonek:calipers (tech.) ["?-meter"]
      numo-bal-thonek:microcaliper ["microscopic-?-meter"]
      seshu-bal-thonek:gravitic calipers ["?-?-meter"]
    falek-thonek:thermometer (tech.) ["heat-meter"]
      falek'es-thonek:thermometer (meteo.) ["temperature-meter"]
        mashuk-falek'es-thonek:bucket thermometer ["?-temperature-meter"]
    galat-thonek:inclinometer ["?-meter"]
    gluder-thonek:depth finder ["depth-meter"]
    halek-dan-thonek:cyclometer ["wheel-rotation-meter"]
    ihn-thonek:densitometer ["?-meter"]
    kahat-thonek t'kas-yar-kurek:fluorometer ["?-meter of-?-green-coloring"]
    khaf-spolik raf-bes-thonek:electrocardiograph ["heart ?-?-meter"]
    khaf-vihish-thonek:sphygmomanometer ["blood-pressure-meter"]
    kur-thonek:colorimeter ["color-meter"]
      kurtra-thonek:spectrometer ["color-there-meter"]
    masu-thonek:hydrometer ["water-meter"]
      asal-masu-thonek:drosometer ["morning-water-meter"]
      sov-masu-thonek:hygrometer ["?-water-meter"]
    na-sovau-thonek:evaporimeter ["?-?-meter"]
    pidek-thonek:altimeter ["height-meter"]
    dvunek-toranik raf-bes-thonek:electromyograph ["?-busy ?-?-meter"]
    salan-thonek:anemometer ["wind-meter"]
    seshan-thonek:magnetometer ["?-meter"]
      nu-seshan-thonek:gravimeter ["small-?-meter"]
    shad-pralik raf-bes-thonek:electroencephalograph ["?-? ?-?-meter"]
    smish-thonek:dynamometer ["?-meter"]
    solektra-hutaya-thonek:seismometer ["?-?-meter"]
    sov-ne'hish-thonek:barometer (tech.) ["?-?-meter"]
    sov-vihish-thonek:barometer (ocean.) ["?-pressure-meter"/"?-?-meter"]
      dvunek-elekik sov-vihish-thonek:aneroid barometer (meteo.) ["?-? ?-pressure-meter"]
    vath-yut-thonek:interferometer ["?-way-meter"]
    vul-thonek:climometer ["?-meter"]
    yumau-thonek:flowmeter (geo.)|flow monitor (tech.) ["?-meter"]
    zhu-thonek:audiometer ["hearing-meter"]
thrap:offense
  ex=:[see /nem-tor/ for ex.]
throks:(to) give (TGV)
thurai(-~):next ~
tin:layer|stratum (med., geol.)
  # to'ovau-tin t'lap-vukhut:[see /to'ovau/]
  wan-tin:cloud layer ["white-layer"]
    wan-tin-lanet:ceiling|cloud base (meteo.) ["white-layer-bottom"]
      thonalik wan-tin-lanet:measured ceiling (meteo.) ["measured white-layer-bottom"]
tishau:(to) like [reg. strong v.]
  ex=Tishau sa-kan ko-kan,:The boy likes the girl.
  ex=Tishau T'Luki yon-kur heh zhar-kur svailar hi ri nev-kur.:T'Luki likes red and orange flowers but not maroon ones.
  tishaun:liking  
  tishaya:like|liking (n.)
  ritishau:(to) dislike
    ex=Ritishau Sonok bar-kas svi'shur t'plomik t'T'Luki.:Sonok dislikes the spice in T'Luki’s /plomeek/ soup.
tivad:grade (n.) [class]
  ex=Kan t'sa-veh svi'shehr-tivad.:His child is in the 6th grade. ["Child of-male-one in-6th-grade."]
Tlingansu:Klingon (n.)
to-pal:coat
to-sai:cloak
to'ovau:(to) grow
  # to'ovau-tevun-yonuk:[see /tevun-yonuk/]
  to'ovau-tin t'lap-vukhut:cambium (bot.) ["grow-layer of-tree-body"]
  to'ovaya:growth
    nala-to'ovaya:cell growth
tor:(to) do|make
  ~-tor:(weak verb form)
  tor-bosh:process (n.)
  tor-zhit:verb ["to-do-word"]
  # tor-yehat:possible ["make-true"; see /yeht/]
  toranik:busy|occupied
    ex=Au toranik svi'solai.:They are busy|occupied in the field.
    ex=Du toranik.:You are busy|occupied.
  toru-zhit:imperative ["make-word"]
  torvel-zhit:gerund
  dotor:(to) plan
    ex=Ri dotor nash-veh hal-tor na'Shi'Kahr.:I am not planning to go to Shi'Kahr. ["Not plan this-one to-go to-Shi'Kahr"]
tomasu:relative (n.)
tra('~):there
  ex=Rok-tor etek tra'tal-tor sehlatlar.:We hope to find sehlats there. ["Hope we there-find sehlats."]
  ex=Aitlu tu fa-gad tra'hal-tor ha.:Do you want to go there tomorrow? ["Want you tomorrow there-go?"]
  trasha:(to) leave
trau(-~):honest ~
  ritrau(-~):dishonest ~
    ex=Ferengi ritrau hi Vuhlkansu trau.:A Ferengi is dishonest but a Vulcan is honest.
travilau:(to) compile [inferred]
  travek:party (group)
  travilayek:compiler
treit:flock
  ex=treit t'kushel:flock of birds ["flock of-bird"]
tresh:split
tsaebb-~:west ~ (obs.)
  Tsaebb-Mershtijkk:West Mershtak (Vulcan language)
tsat:?
tselau:(to) mutate
  tselau-palikauk:mutagenic (adj.) ["mutate-commencing"]
  tselau-tav:mutation rate
  tselaya:mutation
    pla'rak-tselaya:reverse mutation ["?-?-mutation"]
  tsel-~:mutant ~ (adj.)
    tselik:mutant (adj.)
tu'ash:(to) open
  ex=Tu'ash sa-kan gahv-kur svep.:The boy opens the purple door.
tuhlau:(to) contain [inferred]
  tuhlau-nelka t'dah-pim-khushlar (TNDPKh):dilithium containment pedestal ["contain-? of-two-?-?"]
  tuhlau-torektra:containment system ["contain-?"]
    tuhlau-torektra t'tukh-tehn-tukh (TTTT):matter/antimatter containment system ["contain-? of-?-?-?"]
  # tuhlau-vunai:[see /vunai/]
  kef-tuhlau-vis:emergency containment grid ["?-contain-web"]
  tuhlek:container (tech.)|tank (ocean.)
    tuhlek t'vimashal-masu-tukh:liquid hydrogen tank ["tank of-?-water-?"]
    tuhlek t'vimashal-sov-tukh:liquid nitrogen tank ["tank of-?-?-?"]
    tuhlek t'vimashal-esh-tukh:liquid oxygen tank ["tank of-?-oxygen"]
    esh-tukh-tuhlek:oxygen tank (ocean.) ["breathe-stuff-tank"; see /esh-tukh/]
    set-tuhlek:drop tank ["?-tank"]
    sa'ovau-tuhlek:expansion tank ["?-tank"]
    seshan-korsau-tuhlek:magnetic storage bottle ["?-?-container"]
tuhsau:(to) cross
tuhsk:comment (n.)
tukh:material|substance|stuff|element (chem.)
  bal-tukh:erbium (chem.) ["?-?"]
  bali-tukh:samarium (chem.) ["thick-?"]
  esh-tukh:oxygen ["breathe-stuff"]
    fezhau-vok t'masu-esh-tukh:dissolved oxygen level (biol.) ["?-? of-water-breathe-stuff"]
    # esh-tukh-tuhlek:[see /tuhlek/]
    ek'esh-tukh-kupik:euryoxic (adj.) (biol.) ["all-breathe-stuff-?"]
  dzhyan-tukh:?
  masu-tukh:hydrogen (chem.) ["water-stuff"]
  (nen-)nala-tukh:cytoplasm (biol.) ["(?-)cell-stuff"]
  nen-kas-tukh:cellulose ["?-?-stuff"]
  ras-tukh:lead (chem.) ["heavy-stuff"]
  skamau-tukh:attractant (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
  sov-tukh:nitrogen
    reh-masuyu t'sov-tukh:ammonia [NH_3; "three-hydrogen (out-)of-(one-)nitrogen"]
  tehn-ausham-tukh:antivenin (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
  tehn-hasam-tukh:antitoxin (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
  tehn-folau-tukh:allergen (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
  tehn-vihk-tukh:anticoagulin (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
  toltra-tukh:chromatin (biol.) ["?-stuff"]
  tvi-tukh:endoplasm (biol.) ["?-stuff"]
  wu-dau-tukh:auxin (biol.) ["?-?-stuff"]
tum:(to) tally (v.)|sum (n.)
  tum-vel:computer ["tally(ing)-thing"]
tupa:lesson
tusok:exercise
tvesh-~:original ~
  tveshik:original
tvi-~:endo~|inner-~|inter~ (adj.)
  tvik:inside (adj. standalone)
tvur:corridor [inferred from /mesakh-tchas-tvur/]
u'~:as ~
u'gal:electron
  u'gal-kusilau-glashayek (UKG):electron resonance scanner
u'rak(-~|ik):negative [inferred]
  u'rak-falun:negative charge
  # u'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]
uf:how
  uf mau:how much
    ex=Nam-tor falek uf mau.:How hot is it? ["Is heat how much."]
  uf wehk:how many
ugel-~:bright ~
  ugelik:bright
ulef:half
  ul-~:semi(-)~|demi(-)~|part(-)~|partial(-)~
    # ul-shivaya:[see /shivaya/]
  ulidar:scar|cicatrix (med.)
    tersau-ulidar:hilum (biol.) ["?-scar"]
    shahov-pid-ulidar:beach crest (geo.) ["?-high-scar"]
    zehl-ulidar:striation (geol.) ["line-scar"]
uralau:(to) sing
urozh:crop(s) (n.) (anc.)
uzh:new
uus:?
va~:re~
va':infinite|innumerable|immeasurable
  Va'Vuhnaya s'Va'Terishlar (VVVT):Infinitite Diversity in Infinite Combinations (IDIC) (phil.)
vah:as [inferred]
vakav(-~):frequent ~
  rivak:course (n.) ["infrequently (changing)"?]
  vakav'es:frequency [inferred]
    mair-nuk-vakav'es (MNV):extremely low frequency (ELF)
    ohm-nuk-vakav'es (ONV):ultra low frequency (ULF) (tech.)
    tchu-nuk-vakav'es (TNV):very low frequency (VLF) (tech.)
vahl:(to) grant
vanu-~:ceremonial ~
  Vanu-Zukitan:Ceremonial Script (Vulcan writing script)
vath:?
vazgau:(to) steal
  ex=Vazgau ridorli Tellarsu ek'zerlar t'etek s'pi'kitau-skaf.:The dishonorable Terran steals jewels of us from the small desk. ["Steal dishonorable Terran jewels of-we from small desk."]
ved-~:quite ~ 
vel:thing
  vel-zhit:noun ["thing-word"]
  veli-~:easy|simple ~
    velik:easy|simple
    ex=veli-zhitlar:simple words
  ein-vel:something ["some-thing"]
ven-dol-tar:philosophy (anc.)
vesht ~:(past form)
  ex=vesht gla-tor au:they saw ["past see they"]
  ex=tishal du:you liked
  ex=Vesht gla-tor du dunap ha.:Did you see the book? ["Saw you book yes."]
  ex=Vesht gla-tor etek ha'gel.:We saw the light. ["Past see we light."]
  ex=Vesht nem-tor T'Luki yon-kur dunap.:T'Luki took the yellow book.
  ex=Vesht yokul Sonok yarmok.:Sonok ate the salad.
  ex=Vesht stron-tor kushel s'kraisek.:The bird escaped from the cage.
  ex=Vesht nashiv-tor le-matyalar kuht t'sehlat t'au.:The /le-matya/ attacked their herd of /sehlats/.
  ex=Vesht tal-tor ko-kan tal-muv heh klachek fi'pasu.:The girl found the key and the lock on the table.
  ex=Vesht fas-tor sa-kan khi-gad-yem heh leipau kap.:The boy cooked the lunch and baked the bread.
  ex=Vesht hash-tor T'Luki shan-hali vi'stukh.:T'Luki flew the shuttle into outer space. 
  ex=Vesht gla-tor au wuh'rak yel t'khru ha.:Did they see the first star of the evening? ["Saw they first star of-evening yes."]
  vesh-nartauk:old-fashioned
  vesh-wis:past tense
    vesh-wis-shidlar:past-tense forms
vi:who
  ex=vi nam-tor etek:who we are
  ex=Ma malanu t'sa-veh vi.:Who has his pants?
  t'vi:whose
vi':into
  svi'~:amid(st)|among(st)|in the midst of|inside (of) ~ ["from-into"]
  vikatau:(to) bring in
    vikataya:bring-in|bringing-in (n.)
vihish:pressure (n.) [inferred]
  nuk-pid-shal t'vihish:pressure couplet (meteo.) ["lower-high-zone of-pressure"]
  muhs-vihish:vapor pressure (meteo.) ["vapor-pressure"]
    vi-mashauk muhs-vihish:saturation vapor pressure (meteo.) ["?-? vapor-pressure"]
  nuk-vihish:low pressure (n.) (meteo.)
    pi-shal t'nuk-vihish:mesolow (meteo.) ["small-zone of-low-pressure"]
    nuk-vihish-shal:low (pressure area)|cyclone (low pressure area) (n.) (meteo.) ["low-pressure-zone"]
      ikapik nuk-vihish-shal:closed low (meteo.) ["? low-pressure-zone"]
      faluyik nuk-vihish-shal:thermal low (meteo.) ["? low-pressure-zone"]
      falu-shalik nuk-vihish-shal:tropical cyclone (meteo.) ["?-? low-pressure-zone"]
        nefalu-shalik nuk-vihish-shal:subtropical cyclone (meteo.) ["?-? low-pressure-zone"]
          nefalu-shalik pi'nuk-vihish-shal:subtropical depression (meteo.) ["?-? small-low-pressure-zone"]
      pi'nuk-vihish-shal:depression (meteo.) ["small-low-pressure-zone"]
        falu-shalik pi'nuk-vihish-shal:tropical depression (meteo.) ["?-? small-low-pressure-zone"]
    fe-pradukik nuk-vihish-tauf:pre-frontal trough (meteo.)
    nuk-vihish-tauf:(low-pressure) trough (meteo.) ["low-pressure-?"]
      pen-pralik nuk-vihish-tauf:shortwave trough (meteo.) ["?-? low-pressure-?"]
      wu-pralik nuk-vihish-tauf:longwave trough (meteo.) ["?-? low-pressure-?"]
      a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:Positive-tilt trough (meteo.) ["positive-tilted low-pressure-?"]
      u'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:Negative-tilt trough (meteo.) ["negative-tilted low-pressure-?"]
    nuk-vihish-svitistoraya:cyclogenesis (meteo.) ["low-pressure-?"]
vin-~:mature ~
  vinik:mature
    wehk-tevun-vinik:multivoltine (adj.; biol.) ["many-year-mature"]
    wuh-tevun-vinik:univoltine (adj.) ["one-year-mature"]
  vin-tor:(to) mature
visak'a:legacy (anc.)
visolektrau:(to) bury)
  visolektraya:burial
visovau:(to) blow up|inflate
  visovaya:blowup|inflation
vit-~:static ~
  vitik:static
vis:web (biol.)
  vistra:network [inferred]
    faik-vistra (FV):data network
      gla-faik-vistra (GFV):Optical Data Network (ODN)
      faik-vistra t'ha'gel-slah-elakh (FVHSE):fiber-optic data network ["data-network of-fiber-optic-cable"]
      kvath-faik-vistra (KFV):backup data network
vloh:?
vlut:howl (n.)
  vlur:(to) howl [irr. strong v.]
    ex=Vlur sehlat.:The /sehlat/ howls.
    vluran:howling
vnol:?
vo'ekti:? (anc.; borrowed)
vohr-~:slow ~
  vohris:slow(ly)
  vohraya:pause [inferred]
    nosh-vohraya:diapause (biol.) ["condition-pause"; see /nosh/]
volaik:?
vu:you-yourself
Vuhlkansu:Vulcan (adj., n.) [/wuh(l)-kansu/ "a-child-person"?; see /kahs-wan/]
vuhnaya:diversity [inferred; see /va'/]
vukhut(-~):body|corporeal ~
  ri-vukhut-~:non-corporeal ~
    ri-vukhut-hasular:non-corporeal beings
vun(-~):have to|must
  ex=Vun hal-tor sa-veh tal-tor paki-sehlat.:He must go find the lost sehlat. ["Must go he to-find lost-sehlat."]
  ex=Vun-vashau dah yel-hali skyem-kushel tlingansu.:The two starships have to destroy the Klingon bird-of-prey. ["Must-destroy two starship bird-of-prey Klingon."]
vunai:field (n.) (tech.)
  # vunai-ferek:[see /ferek/]
  kel-ket'es-vunai (KKV):structural integrity field (SIF) ["?-?-field"]
  fosh-vunai t'kur-raf-tepul (FVKRT):chromoelectric force field ["?-field of-color-?-?"]
    nen-sakwitayek t'fosh-vunai (NSFV):primary force field deflector ["?-? of-?-field"]
  seshan-vunai:magnetic field ["?-field"]
    karik'es t'seshan-vunai:magnetic field intensity ["? of-?-field"]
    solektra-seshan-vunai:geomagnetic field (geo.) ["?-?-field"]
  seshlanu-vunai-kesautik:geotactic (adj.) (ocean.) ["?-field-?"]
  tuhlau-vunai:containment field ["contain-field"]  
    ka-dvunik tuhlau-vunai:isokinetic containment field ["same-moving contain-?"]
vush:jet (n.) (tech., meteo.)
  mu'yor-wak-vush:nocturnal jet (meteo.)
  ku-liyik ruken-vush:valley exit jet (meteo.)
  na-vush|na-salan-pilash:polar jet (stream) (meteo.)
  falu-shal-vush:tropical jet (meteo.)
    nefalu-shal-vush:subtropical jet (meteo.)
  nuk-vok-vush:low level jet (meteo.)
  vi-yumau-vush:inflow jet (meteo.)
  vush-dataya:jet propulsion (tech.)
  vush-mishu:jet engine (tech.)
  vush-sov-hali:jet aircraft (tech.)
  vush-su-yata:jetliner (tech.)
wa('~):especially|particularly|really|truly  [etc.; used for emphasis]
  ex=Wa'aitlu nash-veh gla-tor per-gluvaya.:I really want to see the play. ["Really-wants this-one to-see play."]
  ex=Wa'bolau nash-veh i'trasha.:I really need to leave now. ["Really-needs this-one now-leave."]
  ex=Wa'tev-tor Kardassu i.:The Cardassian is truly *dying* now. ["Truly-dies Cardassian now."]
  ex=I'tev-tor Kardassu wa.:The Cardassian is truly dying *now*. ["Now-dies Cardassian truly."; different shade of meaning]
wahdzh(-~):severe    
wak:time
  wak-krus:period ["time-part"]
  wak-vel:clock ["time-thing"]
wakli:in what way
  ex=>Wakli ak'wikman - ot-lan?<:"What surprises you, lieutenant?" ["In-what-way surprises, lieutenant?"]
wan:cloud (n.)
  wan-kur:white ["cloud-color"]
    ex=Le-matya wan-kur.:The /le-matya/ is white.
    wan-~:white ~
    kahs-wan:/Kahs-wan/ (maturity test; anc.) ["flesh-white", see /kahm/?; Vulcan children go/are sent into the deep desert (the Forge) to prove their survival skills, that they are actually Vulcans – only those who survive can take a mate; see /Vuhlkansu/]
  waneti:/Waneti/ (a type of white?, flowering plant; borr.)
watosh(-~):ugly ~
wedzh-tor:(to) intend
  ex=Wedzh-tor du gla-tor per-gluvaya ha.:Do you intend to see the play? ["Intend you to-see play yes."]
weh-~:~er|more ~ (comparative)
  weh-lo'uk:greater|larger
    ex=:[see /ma/ for ex.]
  wehk(-~):many|multiple|multi~|poly~
    ex=Isan t'Wehk- heh Gol'nev-Zhitlar svi'Zhit-ballar:Use of Multiple & Helper Verbs in Sentences
weil:whale [borr. from FSE]
  ralek-weil:fin whale [see /ralek/]
ul-wihka:hypothesis (ocean.) ["partial-?"]
wiin:?
wilat:where
  ex=Kluflar t'nash-veh wilat.:Where are my boots? ["Boots of-this-one where."]
  ex=To-pal t'du wilat.:Where is your coat? ["Coat of-you where."]
  ex=Sehlatlar t'nash-veh wilat.:Where are my /sehlats/?
  ex=Shitau T'Luki moneklar wilat.:Where does T'Luki put the cups? ["Put T'Luki cups where."] 
wimish:(to) be called (introduction)
  ex=>Saavik wimish. Kup-stariben?<:"I am Saavik. Can you speak?" ["Saavik to-be-called. Able-to-speak?"]
wis:tense (gr.)
woht:?
worla:never
wu(-~):long ~
wugau:(to) confirm
  wugaya:confirmation (discipline)
wuh:one (enum.)
  wuh-~:mono~|uni~|single-~
  wuh'rak:first TGV)
    wuhr-~:first ~
  wuh-thurai:the next one ["one-next"]
  wuhik:one (adj.)
  wuhkuh:one (card.)
yahv-tor:(to) borrow
  ex=Yahv-tor T'Luki dunap,:T'Luki borrows a book.
  ex=Yahv-tor Sonok khav-kur kluflar t'T'Luki.:Sonok borrows T'Luki’s brown boots.
  yahvu-~:borrowed ~ (ling.)
yar:grass
  yar-kur:green ["grass-color"]
  yarmok:salad ["grass-ring", see /mokuv/?]
  ne-yartra:meadow ["shallow-grass-there"]
yaretau:(to) visit
  yaretausu:visitor ["visiting-person"; inferred]
    oyaretausu:(honored) guest ["honored-visiting-person"; inferred]
yauluhk:important
  ex=Yauluhk Pitoh na'Riguv- - Wehk-Guv- heh Ri-Vukhut-Hasular:Important Note about Asexual, Multi-Sexual and Non-Corporeal Beings
yeht(-~):right|correct|true ~
  yeht-urgam'es:efficiency|efficient
  tor-yehat:possible
yel:star (n.)
  # yel-hali:[see /hali/]
  yel-ulidar:sunspot ["star-scar"]
yem:meal
  yem-tukh:food ["meal-stuff"]
  aru-yem:dinner ["evening-meal"]
  asal-yem:breakfast ["morning-meal"]
  khi-gad-yem:lunch ["mid-day-meal"]
yerak:bowl (n.)
yetur:(to) drive
  yeturek:drive (n.) ["drive-all"; inferred from /mesakh-tchas-yeturek/]
yokul:(to) eat [irr. strong v.]
  ex=Yokul ravot yar.:The insect eats the grass.
  yokulan:eating
  yokul-mev:esophagus (med.)|gullet (biol.) ["eat-pipe"]
    yokul-mev-el'neshek:esophageal scissors (med.) ["eat-pipe-scissors"]
  yokulfa:eater (animal) ["eat-animal"]
  yokulsu:eater (person) ["eat-person"]
    yokulsu t'masutraik numo-ha-vellar:planktivore ["eater of-? microscopic-living-things"] 
    fan-yokulsu:omnivore ["?-eater"]
    ha'gel-yokulsu:phototroph ["light-eater"]
    ha-guhsh-yokulsu:detritivore|detrivore ["life-debris-eater"; see /ha-guhsh/]
    kahm-yokulsu:carnivore ["meat-eater"; see /kahm/]
    kastik-goh-yokulsu:vegetarian ["plant-only-eater"; see /kastik/]   
    kastik-yokulsu:herbovore ["plant-eater"]
    keh-masunol-yokulsu:methanotroph ["?-?-eater"]
    masunol-yokulsu:methylotroph ["?-eater"]
    plei-yokulsu:grazer ["?-eater"]
    tevanu-ha-yokulsu:saprophage ["?-?-eater"]
    tevanu-yokulsu:scavenger ["?-eater"]
yon:fire (n.)
  yon-kur:red ["fire-color"]
  yonshaya:?
yut:path|trail|way
  fau-yut:road|street
za'~:behind ~
za(-)~:posterior|aft(-)~|rear(-)~|stern(-)~ (naut.)
  zaterek:suffix
zahv-tor:(to) taste
  zahvan:taste (n.)
  zahvyan:tasting
zakar:damage (n.)
  zakar-tor:(to) damage
    ex=Zakar-tor sahriv urozh svi'solai t'sa-veh hi ri t'etek.:The storm damaged the crops in his field but not in ours.
zam:few
zan:view
zanan:? (n.)
  zan-tor:? (v.)
zehl:line (n.)
  ek'zehl:border ["all-line"]
    ek'zehl'es:lineage ["line-noun"; inferred]
      wakrubau-zehl'es:evolutionary lineage ["evolution-lineage"]
    lap-ek'zehl:baumgrenze ["tree-border"]
    yetur-ek'zehl:driveline|drivetrain (tech.)
zek:order (n.)
zih:?
zhai-~:gray ~
  zhai-kur:gray
  ex=Zhai-sehlatlar fnau hi le-matyalar kresik.:The grey /sehlats/ are tame but the /le-matyas/ are aggressive.
zhar-~:orange-colored ~
  zhar-kur:orange (color)
zhel:band|ribbon|strap (n.)
  san-zhel:belt
zherka:emotion (anc.)
zhit:word
  zhit-bal:sentence ["word-?"]
    ex=velik zhit-bal, krus 1:simple sentence, part 1 
  zhit-feim:vocabulary
  zhit-isan:grammar ["word-use"]
  nazhitovau:(to) spell
  dannosh-zhit:superlative (n.)
  deshkaun-zhit:interrogative (n.)
  gol'nev-zhit:helper verb ["help-word"] 
  guhras-zhit:invective (n.) ["gutter/junk-word"; see /guh/]
    redzh-guhras-zhitlar:mild invective
    wahdzh-guhras-Zhitlar:severe invective
  navath-zhit:comparative (n.)
    ex=Navath-Zhitlar heh Dannosh-Zhitlar:Comparatives & Superlatives
  nosh-zhit:adverb|condition-word
    nosh-zhitik:adverbial
zhoh:1000000 (million; enum., card.)
  zhoh'rak:1000000th (millionth; TGV)
    zhohr-~:1000000th (millionth)
  zhohik:1000000 (million; adj.)
zhu:hearing (n.)
  zhu-fam-~:deaf ~ ["hearing-without"]
    zhu-famik:deaf
  # zhu-thonek:[see /thonek/]
  zhu-tor:(to) hear ["hearing-verb"]
    ex=Zhu-tor T'Luki sehlatlar fna'krani fi'yut na'svep.:T'Luki hears /sehlats/ through the window on the way to the door.
    nazhu-tor:(to) listen
    zhun:hearing
zli:?
zungri-~:tired ~
  zungor:tired
    ex=Dular zungor.:You (pl.) are tired.
zup:labor|work (n.)
  zup-tor:(to) labor|work
    ex=>Zup-tor vu akarshif - Spahkh.<:"You have labored long, Spock." ["Labor you-yourself a long time, Spock."]
zukitan:script
zul:lava (geol.)
  (suk')zul-kunel:volcano (sci.)