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# Golic Vulcan (GV):Federation Standard English (FSE)

#

# Compiled from the website of the Vulcan Language Institute

# at <http://home.comcast.net/~markg61/vlif.htm>.

# (/Travilal nash-veh s'vis-tum-vel t'Shi'Oren t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu

# na'<http://home.comcast.net/~markg61/vlif.htm>./)

#

# The following inconsistencies have been found in the received data:

# (/Ki'tal-tor nash-veh ritsurkan'es svi'faik poprahik:/)

#

# 1. /pekhaya/ both for “stop” {n.} and related terms in

#    “Introduction to Vulcan Linguistics” (/fa-wak pehkau/

#    “will stop”), “Introduction to Golic Vulcan Grammar”

#    (/ulef-pekhaya/ “half-stop”, but /ek'pe*kh*aya/ “full-stop”),

#    and “Vulcan Language Lesson” 2, 3, 25, 27, and 29;

#    and also for “defecation” and related terms in “Vulcan Medical

#    Lexicon”.

#    Since it is both illogical that the same meaning should have

#    different word roots, and that the same word or word root

#    should have several meanings in Golic Vulcan[1] — for example,

#    how can /pekhaya/ mean “defecation” [“to-defecate-noun”] and

#    /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ “respiratory arrest” [“around-gasses-stop”]

#    at the same time?  How can there be /khaf-spol-pe*hk*aya/

#    “cardiac arrest” [“blood-pump-stop-noun”], but

#    /pa'kizh-pe*kh*aya/ “respiratory arrest” at the same time? —,

#    it is assumed that there were errors in transcription or

#    subspace transmission, and that the word root /pehk/ uniformly

#    refers to stopping (as in /pehkau/ “to stop”, /ek'pe_hk_aya/

#    “full-stop”, and /pa'kizh-pe_hk_aya/ “respiratory arrest”),

#    while the word root /pekh/ uniformly refers to concepts related

#    to defecation (as in /pe_kh_aya/ “defecation” and /pekh-razh/

#    “anus” [“feces-exit”]).

# [/1☐ – Dah-wak-isan t'/pekhaya/ na'>stop< |v-zh.| heh tersau-zhitlar

#    svi'°Ragtaya na'Gen-Lis-Tal Vuhlkansu° | /fa-wak pehkau/

#    >will stop< | - svi'°Ragtaya na'Zhit-Isan t'Gol-Vuhlkansu°

#    | /ulef-pekhaya/ >half-stop< - hi /ek'pe¦kh¦aya/ >full-stop< |

#    eh svi'°Tupa t'Gen-Lis Vuhlkansu° 2 - 3 - 25 - 27 heh 29 -

#    eh na'>defecation< heh tersau-zhitlar svi'°Vulcan Medical

#    Lexicon°.

#    Ri k'ozhika kupi on-ma ka-tvah natya-zhit-gir - heh ka-zhit il

#    ka-zhit-gir pohl-tvah svi'Gol-Vuhlkansu – na'li-fal -

#    kup-tvai /pekhaya/ >defecation< || >to-defecate-noun< || heh

#    /pa'kizh-pekhaya/ >respiratory arrest< || >around-gasses-stop< ||

#    na'ka-wak uf - kup-tra'nam-tor /khaf-spol-pe¦hk¦aya/

#    >cardiac arrest< || >blood-pump-stop-noun< || - hi

#    /pa'kizh-pe¦kh¦aya/ >respiratory arrest< na'ka-wak uf –

#    miyusau nash-veh tra'vesht lafoshlar svi'zhit-kitaun il

#    svi'ne-stukh-sasaya - eh wuh-shid-dzhinau zhit-gir /pehk/

#    na'pehkaya | vah /pehkau/ >to stop<, /ek'pe¦hk¦aya/

#    >full-stop< heh /pa'kizh-pe¦hk¦aya/ >respiratory arrest< | -

#    du'wuh-shid-dzhinau zhit-gir /pekh/ na'vellar t'pekhaya

#    | vah /pe¦kh¦aya/ >defecation< heh /pekh-razh/ >anus<

#    || >feces-exit< || |./]

#

# 2. As word for “symbol”, /sehtebihk/ in “Vulcan Language Lesson 6:

#    Punctuation”, /setebihk/ in “Example Phrases (VLI)”, and

#    /setebuhk/ in “Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies”.  The first is

#    the form substantiated by the historical documents (“Star Trek:

#    The Motion Picture”) and therefore considered the correct one.

#    It is assumed that the i/u-difference occurred from the

#    neighboring positions of the keys for the letters “u” and “i”

#    on computer keyboards, and that /setebihk/ is misspelt.

# [/2☐ – Na'zhit t'>symbol< - /sehtebihk/ svi'°Gen-lis Vuhlkansu Tupa 6 -

#    Pehkamitaya° - /setebihk/ svi'°Li-Falik Zhit-Ballar° heh

#    /setebuhk/ svi'°Vulcan Rituals and Ceremonies°.  Ki'kla-hil-tor

#    nash-veh wuhr-shid svi'vesht-varik-faik | °Star Trek: The Motion

#    Picture° | - tal-tor vah yeht-veh.  Vesht tor-yehat i/u-natyan

#    s'be'shul t'ozh-svinlar t'zhit-sehtebihk >u< eh >i< fi'ozh-svin-math

#    t'tum-vel heh ri yeht-nazhitovaun /setebihk/./]

#

# 3. /tehtvun/ for “century” (100 years), but /leh-teh-tevun/ for

#    “millennium” (1000 years).  The word for “year” (time for one

#    rotation of Vulcan) is /tevun/. is not logical to shorten it

#    to /tvun/, an otherwise unknown word root, for “century

#    (100 year[s])”, and to use the combining form with “1000 year(s)”

#    but not “100 year[s]”.

#    Therefore, we assume this is a typo copied to all documents,

#    and that the word for “century” is /teh-tevun/.

# [3☐ – /tehtvun/ na'>century< (teh tevun) - hi /leh-teh-tevun/

#    na'>millennium< (leh-teh tevun).  Zhit na'wak t'wuh-dan

#    t'T'Khasi /tevun/.  Pen-tor na'/tvun/ ri-ozhik - vathru

#    zhit-git rifainuk - na'>century (100 year[s])< heh is-tor

#    terishanik shid na'>1000 year|s|< hi ri na'>100 year|s|<.

#    Miyusau nash-veh ki'va'asal lafosh k'ozh-svin-math

#    na'ek'varik-faik heh zhit na'>century< /teh-tevun/.]

#

# [1] /Na'natya-is - natya-shid./ “For different use, a different

#     form.”  —Tenek of Shi'Han (famous ancient Golic grammarian)

#

# Entries in this dictionary are of the following form:

#

#   original (optional part):translation (optional part) {word form} {context} [comment]

#     ex=…

##

## Any line that starts with “#” is a comment, and MAY

## be displayed by software as an introduction to the user

## (paragraph formatting SHOULD be used), unless it is followed by

## another “#” (like here) in which case it is documentation only

## for implementors and MUST NOT be displayed by software.

## (/Palikau zehl k'>#< comment heh gluvaun lerash-tukh /)

#

# Entries are indented to signify derivation, so that software

# can mark common word-roots.  The optional part of the original

# may contain affixes that can be omitted, or give an abbreviation.

## Entries starting with “ex=” signify examples and SHOULD

## be formatted accordingly.

#

# The translation may use /…/ (italics) to indicate that the original

# cannot be translated (e.g., proper names); however, it can indicate

# an alternative transcription that is more common in the target

# language.  The word-form is indicated with one of the abbreviations

# below in case of ambiguity.  The context part indicates in which

# contexts and meanings the original may or should be used.

# Finally, the comment part describes the etymology of the original,

# indicates word relations (whereas same-language words, that SHOULD

# be possible to find in the dictionary, are indicated with /…/

# [italics]), provides background information or gives general usage

# advice.

##

## Translation software MUST consider the optional part of the

## original, both in combination and standalone; they SHOULD display

## the word-form, context, and comment parts of the translation with

## increasing verbosity, in that order.

#

# Golic Vulcan languages are affixing and compound languages;

# it is not logical to sort entries only alphabetically.  Instead,

# entries are sorted with the following precedence:

#

# 1. main context: /aushfa/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/

#    (not: /masu/ – /ulef-masu-aushfa/)

# 2. root relation: /halovau/ – /hal-tor/ (not: /tor/ – /hal-tor/)

# 3. uses in combination: /le-suma/ – /dvunan-koval k'le-suma/

# 4. modifying suffixes: /pakh/ – /pakhaik/, /falek/ – /falek'es/

# 5. modifying prefixes: /ar'kadan/ – /fi'ar'kadan/

# 6. combining suffixes (based on main root): /ashiv/ – /ashiv-tor/,

#    /ayaun-sahriv/ < /ayaun-abu-yumaya/ (the main roots are

#    /sahriv/ and /yumaya/; not /sahriv/ and /abu/)

# 7. combining prefixes (based on main root): /dap/ – /reh-dap/

#

# Only when all applying superordered criteria are the same,

# entries are sorted by the FSE alphabet (not the MGV alphabet,

# in order to help learners.)  Note that weak verb forms, although

# combining with “-tor” are sorted before other modifying and

# combining forms because they have the stronger root.

#

# Therefore, if you cannot find the translation for a compound

# word at entries beginning with the letter of the word, look

# into the entry for the main root.

#

# The following abbreviations have been used:

#

# adj.     – adjective, adjectival

# AGV      – Ancient Golic Vulcan (language)

# aero.    – aerospace

# agr.     – agriculture, agricultural; related to planting

# anat.    – anatomy, anatomical; related to body structure

# anc.     – ancient (word), from before Surak’s language reforms;

#            probably with irr. verb-forms

# anorg.   – anorganic; not related to life forms

# arch.    – archaeology, archaelogic

# auto.    – automotive

# biol.    – biology, biologic; related to life forms

# borr.    – borrowed word

# bot.     – botany, botanical; related to plant life

# card.    – cardinal form (of a number); for counting up and when

#            used like a noun

# CLGV     – Ceremonial/Lithurgic Golic Vulcan (language)

# colloq.  – colloquial; used in informal, non-scientific speech

# enum.    – enumerating form (of a number); for counting how many

#            items there are

# e.g.     – /exempli gratia/: Latin for "for example"

# etc.     – /et cetera/: Latin for "and so forth/on"

# ex.      – example

# fig.     – figuratively (vs. lit.); e.g., "field" can lit. mean

#            "place where crops grow", fig. "area of study", or

#            fig. a math. structure (like "Galois field") or

#            a physical structure or technology (like "warp field")

# gen.     – general, generally

# ger.     – gerund (form); verb form to describe what happens now

# geo.     – related to geosciences

# geol.    – geology, geologic; related to stones and minerals

# gr.      – grammar, grammatical; grammatical term

# hon.     – honorific (form); preferred, polite form

# i.e.     – /id est/: Latin for "it is", meaning "that is"

# imp.     – imperative (form); used for commands and invocations

# irr.     – irregular (verb; vs. reg.)

# lit.     – literally (vs. fig.)

# math.    – mathematics, mathematically

# mech.    – mechanics, mechanically

# med.     – medicine, medical

# MGV      – Modern Golic Vulcan (language)

# mil.     – military

# myth.    – mythology, mythologic

# n.       – noun; word for a thing or being

# naut.    – nautical; related to motion in seafaring tradition

# obs.     – obsolete (word); use the synonymous contemporary word

#            for everyday, non-ceremonial use instead (e.g., /wak/

#            instead of /farr/ for "time"; but: /kari farr/,

#            /pon farr/ etc.)

# ocean.   – oceanography, oceanographic

# ord.     – ordinal form (of a number): 1st, 2nd etc.

# paleo.   – paleontology, paleontological

# phys.    – physics, physical

# pl.      – plural (form)

# pol.     – politics, political

# rec.     – recreation, recreational

# reg.     – regular (verb; vs. irr.)

# sing.    – singular (form)

# standal. – standal. (form)

# tech.    – technology, technologic

# v.       – verb; word for doing something

# vs.      – /versus/ Latin for "as opposed to", "as compared to"

# zool.    – zoology, zoologic; related to animal life forms

#

# Unless otherwise specified, words are common in MGV.

~al:(reg. strong v., past form)

~au:(reg. strong v.)

~aya:(reg. strong verb-based noun)

~ik:(standal. adj. form)

~lar:(pl. form, except with numbers)

~n|~an|~yan:(ger.)

~'uh:{imp.}

  ex=Kal'uh nash-veh..:Let me! [from /kal-tor/]

  ex=Vasha'uh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship! [from /vashau/]

  ex=Tu'ash'uh svep..:Open the door! [from /tu'ash/]

~'voh:(imp. hon.)

  ex=Kal'voh nash-veh..:Let me!

  ex=Vasha'voh yel-hali t'nemut..:Destroy the enemy starship!

  ex=Tu'ash'voh svep..:Open the door!

~-kam:dear ~ (affection)

a'rak(-~|ik):positive (polarity) ~ {adj.} {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /á-rhak/, meaning "good direction"]

  # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /vihish/]

  raf-a'rak(-):electropositive ["?-positive"]

aal:?

abi'~:until ~ {prep.}

aborayek:?

  fi-zhel-aborayek:strap-on booster {aero.} ["on-strap-?"]

abu(-~):up~|upward~

  abukhau:(to) rule over {arch.} ["up-rule"?]

    (abu)khausu:ruler (person) {n.} {arch.}

  abu'le:upwards {anc.} [from CLGV /apu'leh/ and AGV /ápuullh/]

    abuli(-~|ik):vertical {adj.}

  abunaf:uplink {n.} {aero.}

  kahr-abu:zenit (directly up) ["?-up"]

  abrashau:(to) pick up

    ex=Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf.:The angry Cardassian picks up the small box from the desk.

  abru'~:above|over ~ {anc.} [from CLGV /apru'/ and AGV /ápruu/]

  abru(-~):above~|over~

    abrupik:dominant (adj.; biol.)

      abrupik'es:dominance ["dominant-noun"; inferred]

        ul-abrupik'es:partial dominance {zool.} ["partial-dominant-noun"]

Abu-Sihm'bel:Abu Simbel {borr.} {arch.}

achut:brush {n.}

  puyan-achut:cleaning brush [see /puyek/]

  zud-achut:toothbrush ["?-brush"; see /zud/]

af'tum:kitchen|galley {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /àffu'dúmh/, meaning /cooking chamber/]

ahkh:war {anc.} {borr.} [from ancient non-Golic]

  ahkhsu:warrior {anc.} ["war-person"]

ahm:name {anc.} [from CLGV and AGV]

  ex=Svi'ahm t'Surak ra..:What in Surak's name?!? ["In-name of-Surak what!!!"]

ahn-wun:/ahn-wun/ (traditional melee weapon with leather-strips and metal balls at the ends; anc.) [also transcribed /ahn-woon/]

ang'klung:Angklung {mus.}

anuh'dzhuhr:onager (asiatic ass) {borr.} [from FSE]

ahs:jaw {n.} {anc.} [from CLGV and AGV]

  ahs-fam(-~|ik):jawless ["jaw-without"]

    ahs-fam-aluk:jawless fish ["jawless-fish"; see /ahs/]

aifa:these {anc.} [from CLGV /aifu/ and AGV /ayivu/]

aikum:moon {n.} [from CLGV; AGV form is unknown, although possibly related to /álh'úmú/, meaning "companion"]

aitlu:(to) desire [irr. strong v.]

  ex=Aitlu Sonok yokul sash-savas.:Sonok wants to eat /sash-savas/.

  ex=Aitlu T'Luki foshuhl rasath.:T'Luki wants to lose weight.

  ex=Aitlu nash-veh hal-tor.:I want to go. ["Wants this-one to-go."]

  ex=Aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave. ["Wants this-one to-leave"]

  ex=Aitlu tu nash-gad nuh'irak hal-tor.:You want to go too far today. ["Want you today too-far to-go."]

  aitlun:desire {n.}

  aitluyan:desiring

ak('~):soon ~ {anc.} [from CLGV and AGV]

  ex=Vun ak'hal-tor sa-veh.:He must go soon. ["Must soon-go he."]

  ex=Ri dotor au ak'hal-tor na'Terra.:They are not planning to go to Earth soon. ["Not plan they soon-go to-Earth."]

  ak'wikman:surprising

ak'spra:heretic {n.} {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /ahr'shprátu/, meaning "one who goes against what is written"]

akan:alien

  akansu:alien {n.}

akarshif:a long time

akhlami:among us

akteibuhl:attainment

alem:salt {anc.} [from CLGV and AGV]

  alem-tukh:sodium ["salt stuff", because common salt is comprised of sodium and chlorine]

aluk:fish {n.} {anc.} [from CLGV; AGV form is unknown]

  khlup-aluk:?

    abu-vla-nu'leyik khlup-aluk:upside-down jelly(fish) {zool.} ["upward-?-down-? ?-fish"]

    kus-vakhik khlup-aluk:bell jelly(fish) {zool.} ["?-? ?-fish"; see /kus-vakh/]

Andorsu:Andorian

ar'kada:(to) work ["?-same-rotation"?]

  ar'kada-has:occupational disease {med.}

  ar'kada-pthak|zup-pthak:ergophobia ["work-?"]

  ar'kadan:work (n.) ["?-same-rotation"?]

  fi'ar'kadan:working|at work

    ex=Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan.:Sonok and T'Luki are working.

  raf-ar'kada-vellar:electronics (equipment) {tech.}

arev:desert wind {?GV} [from ST:ENT "The Forge"]

arlanga-tukh:yttrium [chemical element first found in the Arlanga mountain range]

asal:morning {anc.} [from CLGV /ashahl/, derived from AGV /aξ'àl'el/, the rising (time)]

  # asal-yem:[see /yem/]

ash'el (MGV)|ash-vel (TGV):shoe {n.} ["treading thing"]

  ash'ai:sock {n.}

ashau:(to) love

ashiv:repeat|repetition {n.}

  k'ashiv:often ["with-repetition"]

  va'ashiv:again

  wuh'ashiv:another ["one-repetition"]

  ashiv-tor:(to) repeat

    ashivan:repeating

ask'er:soldier {borr.}

au:they|them {anc.} [word from CLGV, derived from AGV /á/]

  oau:they|them [about superiors or honored persons, "honored they/them"]

  t'au:their|theirs ["of-them"]

ausham:venom {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /áξumh/]

aushfa:animal {n.}

  aushfamaluhr:animalic {adj.}

  falek'es-tash-aushfa:bomeotherm {n.} {ocean.} ["temperature-control-animal"]

  lesek-mal-aushfa:arthropod {biol.} ["joint-leg-animal"]

  spahk-mal-aushfa:crustacean {biol.} ["claw-leg-animal"]

  wehk-mal-aushfa:myriapod {biol.} ["many-leg-animal"]

  ulef-masu-aushfa:amphibian {n.} ["half-water-animal"]

avon:hunger {n.} [from CLGV /avonn/, derived from AGV /àfhonnh/]

  k'avon:hungry ["with-hunger"]

    ex=Sa-kan k'avon hi ko-kan rik'avon.:The boy is hungry but the girl is full.

    ex=k'le-matya k'avon:with the hungry /le-matya/

    ex=Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag.:The Rigellians are hungry and thirsty.

  rik'avon:full (no longer hungry) ["without-hunger"]

ayau:(to) tilt [inferred]

  ayaun(-~|ik):tilted [inferred]

    ayaun-sahriv:Tilted storm

    ayaun-abu-yumaya:Tilted updraft

    # a'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]

    # u'rak-ayaunik nuk-vihish-tauf:[see /nuk-vihish-tauf/]

ba-tak:tradition (anc., borr.)

  baik:traditional (standal. adj.)

  ba-~:traditional ~

    Ba-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Traditional Golic Vulcan (language)

    Ba-Golik:Traditional Golic

bali(-~):thick

  # bali le-suma-marshak:heavy floe ["thick ?-?-?"; see /le-suma-marshak/]

  bali-bru-nosh:pachycheilia {med.} ["thick-?-?"]

  bali-fekik:pachycaul {biol.} ["thick-?"]

  bali-wadi-nosh:pachyderma ["thick-?-?"]

balkra:/balkra/ (a type of aromatic casserole) {anc.}

bah-ker:garden {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /báha-kèrru/, meaning "food yard"]

bai'~:by means of|through|via {obs.} [see /fna'/]

bai-lon-tak:?

bar-kas:spice {n.} {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /bárrh-kàξu/, meaning "tongue-biter", an effect of spices]

batai:sturdy {anc.} [Batai was the name of Kamin's sturdy son in Ressik province on another planet; see TNG "The Inner Light"]

be'~:beside|by|near|next to|very close to ~

  behsu:neighbor {n.} ["next-to person"]

  betau:(to) approach [reg. strong v.]

    ex=Betau nesh-kur sehlat mol-kur svai svi'ne-yartra.:The black /sehlat/ approaches the magenta flower in the meadow.

    betaun:approaching

    betaya:approach {n.}

Beidzhorsu:Bajoran {n.}

  beidzhorsu:Bajoran {adj.}

    ex=shi'kwai beidzhorsu:Bajoran wilderness ["wilderness Bajoran"]

Beituh'zedsu:Betazoid

bek:wait {n.}

  bek-tor:(to) wait

  la'bek:here-wait, wait here

    la'bek-tor:(to) wait here

Ben:to us (TGV)

  ex=>Ben vahl navun.<:"Grant us success." ["To-us grant success."]

bes:drawing {anc.} [from CLGV /bæs/ and AGV /b'hàs/]

bezhun:eye {anc.} [from CLGV /bæshun/ and AGV /b'hàshúnh/]

  bezhun-masu:tear(s) {n.} ["eye-water"]

bi'~:along ~

bling:?

bolau:need {v.}

  ex=Bolau sa-veh yokul ein-vel.:He needs to eat something. ["Needs he to-eat something"]

  ex=Bolau etek oren-tor uf hash-tor.:We need to learn how to fly. ["Need we to-learn how to-fly."]

  ex=Bolau ish-kan oren-tor nazhu-tor.:That child needs to learn to listen. ["Needs that-child to-learn to-listen."]

Borg(~-|ik):Borg

  Borg Praim:Borg Prime

  borgik mesakh-tchas-vistra:Borg transwarp network

Borkuh (Beituh Haidri):Borka (Beta Hydri)

buhfik:perfect {adj.}

d'mallu:/D'mallu/ (a type of carnivorous plant) {anc.}

d'oh-:?

  d'ohan:?

da:pebble {n.}

dah:two {enum.}

  ex=Shitau T'Luki nau lipau eh dah ru'lut-sai fi'nef.:T'Luki puts 9 knives and two napkins on the shelf. ["Put T'Luki 9 knife and two napkin on-shelf."]

  dahik:two {adj.}

  dahkuh:two {card.}

  dah'rak:second {ord.} {TGV}

    dahr-~:second {ord.}

  dah-~:two-~|bi-~|di~|double-~

    dah-halek:bicycle ["two-goer", as in a conveyance with two wheels]

    dah-wak:twice ["two-times"]

dakh:(to) cast out

  ex=>Dakh orfikkel aushfamaluhr shaukaush fi'aifa mazhiv.<:"Our ancestors cast out their animal passions here on these sands." ["Cast-out ancestors animal passion(s) on-these sands."]

dal:?

  dal-nath:?

dan:rotation {anc.} [from CLGV /dahn/ and AGV /dhánh/]

  danau:(to) explain ["rotate (knowledge) around"; reg. strong v.; from CLGV, derived from AGV /dháná/.]

    ex=Danau Sonok lof na'T'Luki.:Sonok explains the purpose to T'Luki.

    danaun:explaining

    danaya:explanation

  padan:spin (rotation) {n.} {aero.}

    pada-tor:(to) spin (rotate) {aero.}

  dayan:rotating

  da-fek:axle ["turn(ing)-pole"]

  da-rala-hali: helicopter ["turning-wing-vehicle"]

  da-sfek:axis|pivot ["turn(ing)-point"]

  da-tor:(to) rotate

dan-~:~est|most ~ (superlative)

  ex=Sehlat t'Soval dan-suk t'elkhrul-shal.:Soval's /sehlat/ is the biggest of the whole area. ["/Sehlat/ of-Soval most-big of-whole-area."]

  ex=Skladan t'ko-veh na'spanakhat dan-yauluhk t'ek.:Her message for the government is the most important of all. ["Message of-female-one for-government most-important of-all."]

dap:spot

  dap-lan-pa:/dap-lan-pa/ (children's game) {anc.} ["spot-?-?"]

  reh-dap:three-spots ("∴") ["three-spot"; used as "etc." is used in FSE]

    ex=Bolau mahr-tor Spolk dunaplar - dun - neshuk ∴:Spolk needs to buy books, paper, ink, etc.

dau:(to) affect {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /dhá/]

  daya:effect {n.}

dawan:/dawan/ (an undependable person) {anc.} [from CLGV /dal'wanu/ and AGV /da'w'lhán/]

Deltasu:Deltan

di'kizh:?

dif:long life

  dif-tor:(to) live (a) long (time)

    Dif-tor heh smusma.:Live long and prosper.

      ex=>Dif-tor heh smusma - Spohkh.<:"Live long and prosper, Spock." ["To-live-long and to-prosper, Spock."]

dohn:board|plank {n.}

do:than

  ex=Soval weh-suk do Stola.:Soval is bigger than Stola. ["Soval more-big than Stola."]

  ex=Skladan t'nash-veh na'ko-veh weh-yauluhk do t'du.:My message for her is more important than yours. ["Message of-this-one for-female-one more-important than of-you."]

  ex=Kelek t'Soval weh-suk do dan-suk t'besular.:Soval's house is bigger than the biggest house of his neighbors. ["House of-Soval more-big than most-big of-neighbors."]

dom:so

  ex=>Dom - ki'sarlah.<:"So, it has come." ["So, (it) has-come."]

don-ka:rich {n.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /dónh-ká/, meaning "money-having"]

dor:honor

  dor-~:honorable ~

    dorli:honorable

  dorlan:honorific {n.}

  ridor-~:dishonorable ~

    ridorli:dishonorable

  pudor-tor:(to) be honored

du|tu:you {sing.} [/du/ when alone or after consonant, /tu/ otherwise]

  Qual se tu.:Is it you? {anc.}

  odu:you ["honored you-singular"; to a superior or honored person]

  dular|tular:you {pl.} [/dular/ when alone or after a consonant, /tular/ otherwise]

    odular:you ["honored you-plural"; to superiors or honored persons]

    t'dular:your|yours {pl.}

  t'du:your|yours {sing.}

    ex=Yokul nash-veh yarmok t'du.:I eat your salad. ["Eat this-one salad of-you."]

du':while|during

dun:paper {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /dúnh/, a papyrus-like paper made from the fibers of an edible root]

  dunap:book {n.} [from CLGV /dunapi/, derived from AGV /dúnh-abù/ "scroll"]

dungi(-~):will {v.}|(future form)

  ex=dungi kal-tor:will let [weak verb, /dungi/ not affixed]

  ex=dungi-palikau:will ~ [strong verb, /dungi/ affixed]

  ex=Dungi-trasha etek.:They will leave.

  ex=Dungi etek trasha.:*They* will leave. [different shades of meaning or emphasis]

  ex=>Dungi tu sahrafel?<:"Will you trust (me)?" ["Will you trust?"; /ha/ is omitted in future tense]

  ex=Dungi hal-tor du wilat.:Where will you go? ["Will go you where."]

  ex=Dungi gla-tor etek ha'gel.:We will see the light. ["Will see we light."]

  ex=Dungi nem-tor T'Luki yon-kur dunap.:T'Luki will take the yellow book.

  ex=Dungi-yokul Sonok yarmok.:Sonok will eat the salad.

  ex=Dungi stron-tor kushel s'kraisek.:The bird will escape from the cage.

  ex=Dungi nashiv-tor le-matyalar kuht t'sehlat t'au.:The /le-matyas/ will attack their herd of /sehlats/. ["Will attack /le-matyas/ herd of-/sehlat/ of-them."]

  ex=Dungi tal-tor ko-kan tal-muv heh klachek fi'pasu.:The girl will find the key and the lock on the table.

  ex=Dungi fas-tor sa-kan khi-gad-yem heh leipau kap.:The boy will cook the lunch and bake the bread.

  ex=Dungi hal-tor Sonok na'kahr.:Sonok will go to the town.|Will Sonok go to the town?

  ex=Dungi hash-tor T'Luki shan-hali vi'stukh.:T'Luki will fly the shuttle to outer space.

  ex=Dungi-halovau au na'Shi'Kahr klepovau.:They will travel to Shi'Kahr for shopping.

  ex=Dungi-yaretau tomasular t'du eshikh.:Your relatives will visit the desert.

  ex=Dungi-yokul du aru-yem.:You will eat the dinner.

  ex=Dungi gla-tor au wuh'rak yel t'khru wilat.:Where will they see the first star of the evening? ["Will see they first star of-evening where."]

dukal:ball {n.}

dva:belief

dvar:risk {n.}

  dvar-tor:(to) risk

dvel:choice

  dvel-tor:(to) choose

    dvelek:selector [inferred]

      glashau-nuk-dvelek:scan mode selector {tech.} ["?-low-selector"]

dvin:service {n.} [providing something to]

  kadvin:commission {naut.} ["same-service"]

    s'kadvin:out of commission

    sakadvin-tor:(to) decommission

      sakadvin:decommissioning {n.}

  kef-has-dvintra |KHD|:Emergency medical service (EMS) ["emergency-medical-service-there"]

  dvin-tor:(to) serve

    ex=Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar.:T'Luki serves green legumes and orange fruits.

    dvinsu:servant

dvun:move(ment) {n.}|motion {n.}|moving {ger.}

  dah-da-sfekik gol'dvunek:coaxial relay ["two-?-point help-movement-noun"]

  dvunel:motion {biol.}

    dvunel-eik'es:range of motion {med.} ["motion-?"]

    dvunel-has-mar:kinetosis {med.} ["motion-medical-?"]

    na-dvunel:adduction {med.} ["?-motion"]

    sa-dvunel:abduction {med.} ["away-from-motion"]

  fandvu:gimbal {n.} {aero.} ["any-move"]

    fandvu-tor:(to) gimbal {aero.}

  khardvun:?

    abunuhal-khardvun:pitch maneuver {n.} ["pitch-?"]

      tereragel-abunuhal-khardvun:rendezvous pitch maneuver {n.} ["?-pitch-?"]

dzharel:/Dzharel/ small, horned, horse-like animal (extinct) {borr.} [/jarel/ in some other Vulcan languages]

dzhelu:?

Dzhem-Hadaru:Jem-Hadar

eef:?

eh|heh:and [/eh/ after vowel, /heh/ when standalone or after consonant]

  sos'eh:perhaps

  hau:(to) add

    haya:addition [inferred]

      hayaik:additional

        ex=hayaik pitohlar:additional notes

      hayat(-~):augmentative (~) {n.}

        hayataya:augmentation [inferred]

          thak-hayataya (MGV) | thask-hayataya (TGV):breast augmentation {med.}

          hayatayek:augmentor {tech.}

        hayat-zhit:augmentative {n.} {gr.} ["augmentative-word"]

eik-~:wide(ly) ~

ein-~:some~

eitau:?

ek:all

  ek'~:all|complete|total|pan-~

    ek'an:maximum {n.}

    ex=:[see /suk/ for ex.]

  elkhrul-~:whole|entire

ek'zer:gem|jewel {anc.} [from CLGV, derived from AGV /àh-zèrrh/, meaning roughly "all-value", from a very ancient practice of using gems as monetary units]

ekkuu-~:planar

  Ekkuu-Gollisk:Planar Golic (Vulcan language)

ekon:(a) god

  Oekon:God, the Supreme Being

elakh:cable {n.} {tech.}

  elakhtra:cabling {n.}

  pelakh:filament

esh:breath [from CLGV /æsk/ and AGV /àξ/]

  esh-mev:trachea {med.}|airway {biol.} ["breath(ing)-tube"]

    esh-mev-klotaya:airway obstruction {biol.} ["breathe-duct-?"]

  esh-tukh:oxygen ["breath(ing)-stuff"]

    fezhau-vok t'masu-esh-tukh:dissolved oxygen level {biol.} ["?-? of-water-breathe-stuff"]

    # esh-tukh-tuhlek:[see /tuhlek/]

    ek'esh-tukh-kupik:euryoxic {adj.} {biol.} ["all-breathe-stuff-?"]

eshikh:desert

esta:touch {n.}

  estuhl:(to) touch [irr. strong v.]

    ex=Estuhl sa-kan aluk.:The boy touches the fish.

    ex=>Estuhl terrupik khaf - Spohkh.<:"It touches your human blood, Spock." ["Touch Terran blood, Spock."]

    estuhlan:touching

etek:we|us (normal mode)

  t'etek:our|ours ["of-us"]

  etwel:us (formal mode)

    oetwel:we|us [when spoken by superiors about themselves, literally "honored we/us"]

    k'etwel:with us

      ex=:[see /tah/ for ex.]

    s'etwel:from us

fa':before|in front of

  fa(-)~:fore~|front-~|frontal ~|anterior ~|bow(-)~ {naut.}

    fa-wak:future ["fore-time"]

      fa-wak glansu:prophet ["future sight-person"; see /glan/]

        ofa-wak glansu:The Prophet {hon.}

      nenik fa-wak-wis:simple future (tense) ["simple future-tense"]

    faterek:prefix

fah-yat:?

fai-tukh:knowledge ["know-stuff"]

  faik:data [inferred from /faik-vistra/]

    # faik-vistra:[see /vistra/]

faka:hernia {n.}

fal(-~):hot ~

  falek:heat ["hot-all"]

    ex=Nam-tor falek be'yon.:It is warm by the fire. ["Be heat by-fire."]

    falek'es:temperature ["hot-all-noun"]

  fal-tor:(to) rejoin ["hot-to-do"]

    fal-tor-pan:refusion {anc.} [ceremony to rejoin the body and katra]

falun:charge {n.} {elect.}

  falun-krus:ion ["charge-part"]

    saya-kapol t'falun-krus:ion radiation filter ["?-? of-ion"]

    falun-krus-tel:ionic bond {geol.} ["ion-?"]

    falun-krus-tukh:electrolyte {med.} ["ion-stuff"]

    falun-krus-yeturek:ion drive ["ion-drive"]

    a'rak-falun-krus:cation ["positive-ion"]

    vukh-masu-rubaisu (s'fezhal-falun-kruslar):osmoconformer ["?-water-? (from-?-ions {pl.})"]

    vukh-masu-pakhartausu (s'fezhal-falun-kruslar):osmoregulator ["?-water-? (from-?-ions)"]

  falun-shetaya:ionization ["charge-?"]

  falun-tersal-el'mish:charge coupled device (CCD) ["charge-?-?"]

  a'rak-falun:positive charge {sci.} ["positive-charge"]

  shi-raf-falun:electrostatic charge {meteo.} ["place-?-charge"]

  u'rak-falun:negative charge {sci.} ["negative-charge"]

fan-~:any~

  fan-vel:anything ["any-thing"]

  # fan-yokulsu:[see /yokulsu/]

  # hai-fan-wan:[see /fan-wan/]

  # hai-fan-wan:[see /wan/]

farr:time (anc., obs.) [only used poetically in Golic Vulcan]

fasei:this (here)

fasek:oven

  fassu:cook {n.}

  fas-tor:(to) cook

    ex=Fas-tor opilsu steh natya sazh.:The chef cooks 7 different legumes. ["Cook chef 7 different vegetable."]

fe-~:pre-~|ante-~

feihan:?

fereik:(to) create|invent [inferred]

  fereiksu:creator|inventor

    Ofereiksu:the Creator [deity]

ferek:generator

  vunai-ferek t'wel-raf-tepul (VFWRT):neuro-electric field generator ["field-generator of-?-?-?"]

    leshanik fosh-vunai-ferek (LFVF):portable force field generator ["? ?-field-?"]

    wak-vunai-ferek (WVF):temporal field generator ["time-field-?"]

    sakwitayek-vunai-ferek (SVF):deflector field generator ["?-field-?"]

fi'~:on|atop|upon ~

fihdd:?

floku:spoon

fmak:?

fna'~:through|via|due to

fna-~:through(-~)|thorough~

fnash:sweep

  fnashtau:(to) sweep

    ex=Fnashtau T'Luki lan-tol.:T'Luki sweeps the floor.

  fnash-vel:broom ["sweep-thing"]

fnau-~:tame ~

fnesh:?

fnu-ven:hatred {anc.}

fo:shell {anc.}

  fosha:shedding

    foshuhl:(to) shed [irr. strong v.]

      foshuhlan:shedding

fonn(-~):loyal

  fonn'es:loyalty

fulag:lead {n.} [as in a race]

  fu-~:proto-~ {sci.}|before|leading ~

  fulag-tor:(to) lead

    fulagan:leading

gabuluh:party (celebration) {n.} {rec.}

gad:day [inferred]

  ek'gad:all day

  nash-gad:today ["this-day"]

    ex=Nash-gad Sonok heh T'Luki fi'ar'kadan svi'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki are working in the field today.

  fa-gad:tomorrow

gahkk:?

gahv-~:purple ~

  gahv-kur:purple

galat-vulu:angle of heel {e-g-a}

galu:atom {n.}

  galu(-~|pik):atomic {adj.}

  samuyek t'seshan-galu-gasu:Magnatomic flux chiller ["? of-?-atom-?"]

  a'gal:proton|positron ["positive-?"]

    a'gal-lushun:proton torpedo ["proton-?"]

    tehn-a'gal:antiproton ["anti-proton"]

  ha'gal:photon [inferred]

    ha'gal-dataya:photon propulsion

    ha'gal-lushun:photon torpedo (photorp)

      ha'gal-lushun-mev:photon torpedo tube

      ha'gal-lushun-spusayek:photon torpedo launcher

      ha'gal-lushun-sutauk:photon torpedo bay ["photon-torpedo-?"]

    ha'gal-thorshek:photon grenade

  na'gal:polaron

    na'gal-sayek:polaron emitter

    na'gal-vunai:polaron field

  pi'gal:particle [inferred]

    nen-pi'gal:elementary particle|fundamental particle

    ritsuri-pi'gal:exotic particle

    sih-pi'gal:alpha particle

    tehn-pi'gal:antiparticle

    tih-pi'gal:beta particle

    vifalunal-pi'gal:charged particle [inferred]

      patalek t'nuk-tepulik vifalunal-pi'gallar:low-energy charged-particle detector ["? of-low-? ?-particles"]

    pi'gal-sahrayek:particle accelerator

    pi'gal-zehl:particle beam

      pi'gal-zehl-mishu:particle beam engine

  pu'gal:baryon

    tehn-pu'gal:antibaryon

    pu'gal-kashek:baryon sensor

    pu'gal-su'us:baryon number

  sahr'gal:tachyon

    sahr'gal-glashayek:tachyon scanner

    sahr'gal-vunai:tachyon field

    sahr'gal-zehl:tachyon beam

  ska'gal:neutrino

    tehn-ska'gal:antineutrino

    thahk-ska'gal-zehl(ek):coherent neutrino beam

  ta'gal:neutron

    tehn-ta'gal:antineutron

  thor'gal:thoron [inferred]

    leshanik thor'gal-ferek:portable thoron generator (PTG)

    thor'gal-kolau-sayek:thoron shock emitter ["?-shock-?"]

  u'gal(ik):electron

    u'galik numo-zan-vel:electron microscope

    u'gal-fo:electron shell

    u'gal-glashaun:electron scanning

    u'gal-ha'zehl:electron beam ["electron-beam"]

    u'gal-kusilau-glashayek (UKG):electron resonance scanner

    u'gal-pohshek:electron gun

    u'gal-salash:electron stream

    u'gal-shif:electron pair ["electron-pair"]

    u'gal-shivak:electron mass

    u'gal-thorshkau-kwitek:electron bombardment thruster

    u'gal-yumau-tal:electronics {edu.}

    u'gal-zehl-mev:cathode ray tube (CRT)

    el-u'gal:free electron

    razh-u'gal-shif:exciton ["?-electron-pair"]

    tehn-u'gal:positron ["anti-electron"]

  wak'gal:chroniton

    wak'gal-zehl(ek):chroniton beam

  galutravek:molecule ["atom-there-?"]

    fosh-galutravek:antibody

    galutravek-glakuv-glashayek:molecular imaging scanner (MIS) ["atom-there-?-?-?"]

  ne-galu-feshelek:subatomic disrupter

  galu-dahshaya:(nuclear) fission

    galu-dahshau-folayek:fission reactor

    galu-dahshau-torvak:fission product ["atom-separate-?"]

    galu-dahshau-yehat:fissionable {adj.}

  galu-dataya:nuclear propulsion

  galu-folayek:nuclear reactor

  galu-kaunshaya:(nuclear) fusion {phys.}

    galu-kaunshau-folayek:fusion reactor

    galu-kaunshau-thorshek:fusion bomb

  galu-mesurubah:atomic transmutation

  galu-pa'ashtra:atomic plane

  galu-raf-dataya:nuclear-electric propulsion (NEP)

  galu-rasath:atomic weight

  galu-sagauk yon-hashek:nuclear pulse rocket

  galu-sakuvu:atomic radius

  galu-saya:radiation

    galu-sayuk:radioactive

    (galu-)saya-saikhut:Radiation suit (radsuit)

  galu-shivak:atomic mass

  galu-su'us:atomic number

  galu-tepul:atomic energy

    galu-tepul-torvayek:nuclear power plant

  galu-thorshek:atomic (fission) bomb

  galu-velek:atomic structure

  galu-wak-wel:atomic clock

  galu-wun:atomic|nuclear weapon

  galk:radical {chem.} [inferred]

    el-galk:free radical {chem.}

gehnli:essential

gel:branch|path|segment {n.}

gen-lis:language

  gen-lis-tal:linguistics ["language-study"]

gir:root

gish:(to) expect

  ex=Gish etek fa-gad lasha.:They expect to arrive tomorrow. ["Expect they tomorrow to-arrive."]

  ex=>Gishen worla ihk-banut.<:"He's never what I expect." ["What-is-expected never the-one-of-which-is-spoken."]

glan:sight {anc.} [from CLGV /glann/ and AGV /glánh/]

  glantau:(to) watch

    ex=Glantal Stonn tevyan-morlar taman svi'salan.:Stonn watched the falling leaves dancing in the wind. ["Watched Stonn falling-leaves dancing in-wind."]

    toglantau:(to) witness

  glan-fam-~:blind ~ ["sight-without"]

    glan-fam'es:blindness {med.}

    glan-famik:blind

  # fa-wak glansu:[see /fa-wak/]

  glayan:seeing

  mathra-glayek:disk camera

    glayek-el'torausu:cameraman|camera operator

  raf-glayek:electric eye

  gla-tor:(to) see

    ex=Vesht gla-tor Sonok kus-vakh - dunap - ha'fek heh math.:Sonok saw a bell, book, candle and plate.

    ex=Vesht gla-tor nash-veh sehlat na'svep.:I saw a sehlat at the door. ["Saw this-one sehlat at-door."]

    gla-~:optical {tech.}

glozho:elixir {anc.}

gluder:depth

  glu-masu-shal:benthic zone ["deep-water-zone"]

  glu-masu-tin t'suk'muzh:hypolimnion ["deep-water-layer of-lake"]

gluvau:(to) display [inferred]

  (gluvau-)math:panel (display) ["(display-)board"]

  per-gluvaya:play (n.; performance of drama or comedy, etc.)

  gluvayek:display|monitor (viewscreen) {n.}

    nel-gluvayek:main viewer {tech.}

    su-shi-gluvayek:personnel locator display ["person-place-display"]

    tum-vel-gluvayek:computer display ["tally(ing)-thing-display"; see /tum-vel/]

    gluvayek t'saga-glanum-mathralar (GSGM):Digital Video Disc (DVD) player ["display of-?-?-?"]

gmor:?

gnal:tumor {med.} [inferred]

  gnal-tal:oncology {med.}

  mev-gnal:angioma {med.} ["pipe-tumor"]

  shad-gnal:brain|cerebral tumor {med.} ["brain-tumor"]

  slah-gnal:fibroid tumor ["fiber-tumor"]

goh:only

Gol-~:Golic

  Gol-Vuhlkansu:Golic Vulcan

  golik:Golic (standalone)

gol'nev:aid|help {n.} [probably not coincidence that GV words with "gol" have to do with "help", "access", and "relay"; people would study with Gol masters for help (controlling their emotions) and insight (philosophy, science)]

  gol-tor:(to) aid|help {n.}

gonaf:button {n.}

Gornarsu:Gorn

gu-vam:duty

guhff:?

guv:gender

  guv-kozauk:gender-specific

    guv-kozauk vel-zhitlar:gender-specific nouns

  riguv:asexual

  wehk-guv:multi-sexual

ha:yes [from {obs.} for "fire"]

  ex=Olau tu has-bosh ha.:Are you feeling ill? ["Feel you ill yes."]

  ex=Gla-tor du dunap t'Sonok ha.:Do you see Sonok's book? ["See you book of-Sonok yes."]

  ex=Ma sa-kan heh ko-kan san-zhellar ha.:"Do the boy and girl have belts?" ["Have boy and girl belts yes."]

  ex=Yokul kosu yarmok ha.:Does the woman eat salad? ["Eat woman salad yes."]

  ex=Yokul sasu kahm ha.:Does the man eat meat? ["Eat man meat yes."]

  ha'gel:light {n.} ["fire-branch"; see /gel/]

    ha'gel-rubah-dvun:phototaxis {biol.} ["light-change-movement"]

    ha'gel-slah-elakh:fiber-optic cable {tech.} ["light-?-cable"]

    ha'fek:candle(stick) ["fire stick"]

  ha'kiv:life {anc.} ["fire-noun"; "fire of being"]

    hasu:being {n.} ["life-person"]

    ha-tor:(to) live {anc.} ["burn-being"; from CLGV /hahthor/ and AGV /hahdhórh/; see /plak-tau/]

      ex=Ha-tor Sonok heh T'Luki svi'pi'kelek svi'suk'solai.:Sonok and T'Luki live in the small house on the big field.

    # ha-guhsh:[see /guhsh/]

    ha-vel:organism ["life-thing"]

  ha'su:angel {n.} {anc.} ["fire-person"]

  haran:fire beast {anc.} {myth.}

ha-vol(-~):tall ~

  ex=Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.:The tall Betazoid is blind and the short Vulcan is deaf.

haf:gap

  ki'haf:basket {anc.} ["have-gap"?; originally a compound word]

  pi'haf:follicle ["small-gap"]

  sa'haf:bladder {bot.}|pouch {n.} {zool.} ["outward-gap"]

    sov-sa'haf:air bladder {biol.} ["air-bladder"]

    vazh-sa'haf:bladder {anat.} {TGV}

      vazhaf:bladder {anat.} {MGV}

halan:voyage|going {n.} {ger.}

  ex=Halan na'krani - toglantal T'Pau tevul t'ifis-hali.:Going to the window, T'Pau witnessed the crash of the transport. ["Going to-window, witnessed T'Pau crash of-transport."]

  abunuhalan:pitch (n.) {aero.}

    ra'abunuhal:pitchover (n.) {aero.}

    abunuhal-tor:(to) pitch {aero.} ["up-down-go"; see /abu/ and /nu/]

  ak'halan:soon-going

    ak'hal-tor:(to) go soon ["soon-go"; see /ak'/]

  fabehalan:pass|passing|overtaking

    fabehal-tor:(to) pass|overtake ["in-front-of-next-go"; see /fa'/ and /be'/]

  nahalan:going-towards, towards-going

    nahal-tor:(to) go towards ["towards-go"; see /na'/]

  rishihalan:yaw {n.} {aero.} ["not-place-going"]

    rishihal-tor:(to) yaw {aero.} ["not-place-go-to-do"]

  skahalan:getting-off of|disembarkation

    skahal-tor:(to) get off of|disembark ["off-go"; see /ska'/]

      ex=Skahal-tor T'Pol shan-hali.:T'Pol gets off the shuttlecraft. ["Get-off T'Pol shuttlecraft."]

  zahalan (k'):followed (by)

    zahal-tor:(to) follow ["behind-go"; see /za'/]

      ex=Zahal-tor pi'Sonok os nesh-sehlat fna'masupik solai na'fau-yut.:Little Sonok follows the old black /sehlat/ through the wet field to the road.

  halek:wheel {n.} ["go-all"; see /ek/]

  hali:vehicle|vessel|ship

    halitra:fleet ["vehicle-mass", meaning a large group of vehicles]

    hali-kel:hangar ["vehicle-structure"]

    belk-hali:scout vessel {aero.} ["?-ship"]

    ifis-hali:transport (vessel)|freighter {n.} ["transport-ship"]

    kla-hil-hali:research vessel ["research-ship"]

    masu-hali:boat ["water-vehicle"]

      ne-masu-hali:submarine ["under-water-vehicle"]

    shan-hali:shuttle ["transfer-ship"]

    stukh-hali:spaceship|spacecraft ["space-vehicle"]

    thorshek-hali:bomber {aero.} ["?-ship"]

      thorshek-hali-travek:bomber group (BG) {aero.} ["?-ship-group"]

        thorshek-hali-suk'travek:bomber wing (BW) {aero.} ["?-ship-big-group"]

    yel-hali:starship ["star-vehicle"]

  halovau:(to) travel|journey

    halovausu:traveler ["travel-person"]

    halovaya:travel {TGV}|journey {n.}

      weh-sahr-ha'gelik halovaya:faster-than-light (FTL) travel ["more-fast-light travel"]

    halovau-tvi'haf:travel pod {aero.} ["travel-inter-gap"]

    mashalovau:(to) sail ["water-travel", see /masu/]

      samashalovau:(to) sail away

        samashalovaun:sailing away

          ex=Pehkal kanlar heh glantal masu-hali samashalovaun.:The children stopped and watched the boat sail away. ["Stopped children and watched boat away-sailing."]

        samashalovaya:away-sailing|sailing-away {n.}

  hal-tor:(to) voyage|go|proceed ["voyage-to-do"; from CLGV /hahlthor/ and AGV /hlahdhórh/]

    ex=Hal-tor Sonak na'ar'kada.:Sonak is going to work.|Sonak goes to work. ["Goes Sonak to work"; do not use gerund in GV]

    mahal-tor:(to) swim ["water-go"; see /masu/]

harr:?

  dvunel-pi'harr:flagellum ["motion-small-?"]

    dvunel-pi'harr-famik:aflagellar {ocean.} ["motion-small-?-without-adjective"]

has-~:medical ~

  hasuk:medical

  has-bosh(-~):ill|sick ~

hash:flight (act of flying) {n.}

  hashkaf:stage {n.} {aero.}

    weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage {n.} {aero.} ["?-upper-stage"]

      kahla-fishyanik weh-abu-hashkaf:inertial upper stage (IUS) {aero.} ["?-? ?-upper-stage"]

      dahshaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage separation {aero.} ["separation of-?-upper-stage"]

      vravshaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage failure {aero.} ["failure of-?-upper-stage"]

      yonan t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage ignition {aero.} ["fire? of-?-upper-stage"]

      yontau-pehkaya t'weh-abu-hashkaf:upper stage burnout {aero.} ["fire?-stop of-?-upper-stage"]

    hashkaf-tor:(to) stage {aero.}

  hashsu:flier|pilot

    hashsu-shal:cockpit {aero.} ["pilot-zone"]

    ohashsu:ace|expert pilot

  hash-tor:(to) fly

hi:but

hif-bi:to me (TGV)

hishek:printer (device)

kla-hil:research {n.}

  ek'tal-kla-hil:scientific research ["science-research"]

  kla-hil-kebitra:research facility ["research-?-there"]

  kla-hil-tor:(to) research ["research-to-do"]

men-hilsu:investigator

hinek:bone {n.}

  rihinek:cartilage {biol.} ["not-bone"]

    rihinek-gnal:chondroma {med.} ["cartilage-tumor"]

    rihinek-pleshek:cartilage crusher {med.}

  ahs-hinek:jawbone {arch.}

    abru-ahs|-hinek|:maxilla {n.} {ocean.}

    nuk-ahs|-hinek|:mandible {n.} {ocean.}

  fu-pla'hinek-zehl:notochord {med.} ["leading-back-bone-line"]

  hinek-tukh:calcium ["bone-stuff"]

    (ritsuri-)nuk-nosh t'hinek-tukh svi'khaf:hypocalcemia {med.} ["(irregular-)low-condition of-calcium in-blood"]

hitra-~:media ~

  Hitra-Zukitan:Media Script (Vulcan writing script)

hizh-~:quiet ~

  hizhuk:quiet

    ex=Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk.:The black sehlat and the blue bird are small and quiet.

hnuh-~:low ~

  Hnuh-Mershahki:Low Mershaki (Vulcan language)

ho-~:ritual {adj.}

hokni'es:consciousness

  ex=>T'Ish hokni'es kwi'shoret --<:"This consciousness calling to you from space …" ["Of-that consciousness from-far-away-calling …"]

huun:?

hutau:(to) shock

  po-hutau:produce an aftershock

    po-hutaya:aftershock

i'~:~ now|at this moment

  ex=I'aitlu nash-veh trasha.:I want to leave now. ["Now-wants this-one to-leave."]

  ex=Ri i'aitlu etek trasha.:We do not want to leave now. ["Not now-want we to-leave."]

  ex=I'bolau Soval oren-tor uf hash-tor.:Soval needs to learn how to fly now. ["Now-needs Soval to-learn how to-fly."]

  ex=I'vasha'uh skyem-kushel Rihansu..:Destroy the Romulan bird-of-prey now! ["Now-destroy bird-of-prey Romulan!"]

  i'lasha:(to) arrive now

    i'lashan:now-arrival

  t'i:(as) of now

    ex=>T'I kilko-srashiv kitok-wilat.<:"His answer lies elsewhere." ["(Is) of-now answer(-achievement) elsewhere."]

if:which

  ex=Tishau ko-veh pelal if.:Which robe does she like? ["Like female-one robe which."]

  ex=Tishau weh-rom ash'ailar if.:Which socks do you like better? ["Like better socks which."]

ifis:transportation {n.}

  ifis-tor:(to) transport ["transport to-do"]

igen:sky {n.}

ihk-banut:the one of which is spoken

ihn:?

ikap:(to) close

  ex=Ikap'uh svep..:Close the door!

il:or

  il-eh:and/or

ip-sut:(to) hide [irr. strong v.]

  ex=Ip-sut nesh-kur teresh-kah svi'laptra.:The black /teresh-kah/ bird is hiding in the forest.

  ip-sutan:hiding {ger.}

  ip-sui:hiding {n.}

irak:far

  irak-yet:far enough ["far-driven"]

  nuh'irak:too far

  irak-nahik:telepathic ["far-?"]

is:use {n.}

  nisan:examination|test {n.}

    nis-tor:(to) test

  is-fam-~:useless ["use-without"]

    is-famik:useless

  is-tor:(to) use

    isan:using {ger.}

    neis-tor:(to) use up

      neis:using-up {n.}

ish-~:that ~

  ish-veh:he|she|it ["that-one"; preferred in MGV]

    ex=>Ish-veh ni komihn.<:"He's so human." ["That-one so human."]

    oish-veh:he|she [about a superior or honored person, "honored that-one"]

    t'ish-veh:its

  isha:also|too

    ex=>Isha nash-veh Vuhlkansu - pontal na'sochya.<:"I too am a Vulcan, bred to peace." ["Also this-one Vulcan, bred for-peace."]

isachya:hair (multiple strands)

iyi-~:modern ~

  iyik:modern

  Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu:Modern Golic Vulcan (Vulcan language)

  Iyi-Golik:Modern Golic

k'~:with|by ~

  k'kan:pregnant ["with-child"]

    k'kan-wak:pregnancy ["with-child-time"]

k'puu:?

k'shatri:foreign

ka(-~):same ~

  ka-ni-fur:/Ka-ni-fur/ (first ritual of maturity) {anc.}

  ka vah:(the) same as

    ex=Nam-tor dvalar t'du ri ka vah t'au.:Your beliefs are not the same as theirs.

ka'athaira:/ka'athyra/ (Vulcan lute)

kai:? ["step"?]

  kaiden:stairs

kar-an-zhi:/Karanji/ (cactus-like plant; anc.) [/ka-ranji/ in other Vulcan languages]

kari-~:strong ~

  kari-tor-zhitlar:strong verbs

kahm:meat {n.}

  # kahm-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]

kahr:town

kaluk:ear {n.} {anc.}

  kal-tor:(to) allow|let ["lending an ear", "listen to so."]

    ex=>Kal-tor palikau.<:"Let it commence." ["Allow to-commence."]

kan:child

  kan-fam:childless

  kanu:children (TGV)

  kanlar:children (MGV)

kanok-~:every~

Kardassu:Cardassian

kap:bread

kashek (MGV):mind {n.}

  kash-naf:mind meld

  kashkau (TGV):minds

    ex=>Kashkau - Spohkh - wuhkuh eh teretuhr.<:"Our minds, one and together." ["Minds, Spock, one and together."]

  mapi-kashek:very small mind [insult]

  ya'akash:(to) ask {anc.}

kas:?

  kastik:plant (general term) ["bushy"]

    # kastik-goh-yokulsu:[see /yokul/]

    kastkau:(to) plant

      kastkaya:planting {n.}

  kastra:flora|vegetation {biol.} ["plant-there"]

  kas-elakh:vine {n.}

  kas-fek:stem {n.} ["plant-stick"]

  kas-gel:(bush) branch ["plant-branch"; cf. /lap-gel/]

  kas-khaf:sap {bot.} ["plant-blood"]

  kas-yar-kurek:chlorophyll ["plant-green-coloring"]

  kas-wan-tukh:latex ["plant-white-stuff"]

katau:(to) bring [inferred]

  sakatau:(to) bring out

    sakataya:bringing-out|out-bringing

kau:5 {enum.}|wisdom {anc.}

  ex=Ma tu kau ha'fek.:You have 5 candles. ["Have you 5 candle."]

  kau'rak:5th (TGV)

    kaur-~:5th ~

  kaukuh:5 {card.}

  kauyik:5 {adj.}

kaunshaya:unity [inferred]

  kaunshuk:united

ke~:against ~

kef(-~|ik):emergency ~

  kef-ha'kiv-nenikaya (KHN):emergency life support {med.} ["emergency-life-?"]

    kef-has-dvintra (KHD):emergency medical service (EMS)

      kef-has-dvintrasu (KHDsu):emergency medical technician (EMT)

  kef-fisolekau-mal:emergency landing leg ["emergency-on-?-leg"]

  kef-ifisek:emergency transporter ["emergency-transport-all"]

  kef-kipof-shal:emergency battery room ["emergency-?-zone"]

  kef-tanilau-mev t'igen-pa-tukh:emergency atmospheric gas feed ["emergency-?-duct of-sky-gas"]

  kef-thro-svep:emergency hatch ["emergency-?-door"]

  # kef-tuhlau-vis:emergency containment grid [see /tuhlau/]

  kef-rishan-tsorayek:emergency survival compartment ["emergency-?-?"]

  kef-tvi-shal:emergency room (ER) ["emergency-?-zone"]

  kefik has-reh-bikuvsu (KHRB):emergency medical hologram (EMH) ["emergency medical-?-?"]

  kefik tehn-sesh-kwitek:emergency anti-grav thruster ["emergency anti-?-?"]

  keful-tukh:opsonin ["?-stuff"]

    kefulaya:opsonization

  # prah-vel t'kef-kluhvaya:emergency flush intake [see /kluhvau/]

    # kef-kluhvau-krau:emergency flush vent [see /kluhvau/]

keh:four {enum.}

  ex=Dvin-tor sa-kan keh yerak t'shur t'plomik.:The boy serves four bowls of /plomeek/ soup. ["Serve boy four bowl of-soup of-plomik."]

  keh'rak:fourth (TGV)

    kehr:fourth

  kehik:four {adj.}

  kehkuh:four {card.}

kep:gong

kel:building {n.}

  kelek:house

  ha-kel:home ["life-building"; see /ha'kiv/]

kemeskarau:(to) hold against

  kemeskaraya:against-holding {n.}

kenan:understanding

kethra:?

khaf:blood

  khaf-spol:heart ["blood-pump"]

kharat:direction

  dah-sfek-kharat:bearing (direction) {naut.} ["two-point-direction"]

  khardvun:maneuver {n.} {aero.}

    khardvu-tor:(to) maneuver {aero.}

khav-~:brown ~

  khav-kur:brown

kheh:?

khlup:?

khr(a)~:(mild invective) [like "dang", "darn", "damn", "bloody"; *avoid*]

  ex=Ertau khrasehlat nash-veh.:The darn sehlat is bothering me. ["Bothers darn sehlat this-one"]

  ex=Glan-famau khraikum etek..:The damn moon is blinding us! ["Blinds damn moon us!"]

  khrash:violence

    khrash-~:violent ~

      khrashik:violent

        ex=Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh.:The Klingon is violent but the Deltan is peaceful.