/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
   This file contains material supporting chapter 10 of the cookbook:  
   Computer Vision Programming using the OpenCV Library. 
   by Robert Laganiere, Packt Publishing, 2011.

   This program is free software; permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, 
   and distribute this source code, or portions thereof, for any purpose, without fee, 
   subject to the restriction that the copyright notice may not be removed 
   or altered from any source or altered source distribution. 
   The software is released on an as-is basis and without any warranties of any kind. 
   In particular, the software is not guaranteed to be fault-tolerant or free from failure. 
   The author disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, any use, 
   and any consequent failure, is purely the responsibility of the user.
 
   Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Robert Laganiere, www.laganiere.name
\*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if !defined VPROCESSOR
#define VPROCESSOR

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

// The frame processor interface
class FrameProcessor {

  public:
	// processing method
	virtual void process(cv:: Mat &input, cv:: Mat &output)= 0;
};

class VideoProcessor {

  private:

	  // the OpenCV video capture object
	  cv::VideoCapture capture;
	  // the callback function to be called 
	  // for the processing of each frame
	  void (*process)(cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&);
	  // the pointer to the class implementing 
	  // the FrameProcessor interface
	  FrameProcessor *frameProcessor;
	  // a bool to determine if the 
	  // process callback will be called
	  bool callIt;
	  // Input display window name
	  std::string windowNameInput;
	  // Output display window name
	  std::string windowNameOutput;
	  // delay between each frame processing
	  int delay;
	  // number of processed frames 
	  long fnumber;
	  // stop at this frame number
	  long frameToStop;
	  // to stop the processing
	  bool stop;

	  // vector of image filename to be used as input
	  std::vector<std::string> images; 
	  // image vector iterator
	  std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator itImg;

	  // the OpenCV video writer object
	  cv::VideoWriter writer;
	  // output filename
	  std::string outputFile;

	  // current index for output images
	  int currentIndex;
	  // number of digits in output image filename
	  int digits;
	  // extension of output images
	  std::string extension;

	  // to get the next frame 
	  // could be: video file; camera; vector of images
	  bool readNextFrame(cv::Mat& frame) {

		  if (images.size()==0)
			  return capture.read(frame);
		  else {

			  if (itImg != images.end()) {

				  frame= cv::imread(*itImg);
				  itImg++;
				  return frame.data != 0;
			  }
		  }
	  }

	  // to write the output frame 
	  // could be: video file or images
	  void writeNextFrame(cv::Mat& frame) {

		  if (extension.length()) { // then we write images
		  
			  std::stringstream ss;
		      ss << outputFile << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(digits) << currentIndex++ << extension;
			  cv::imwrite(ss.str(),frame);

		  } else { // then write video file

			  writer.write(frame);
		  }
	  }

  public:

	  // Constructor setting the default values
	  VideoProcessor() : callIt(false), delay(-1), 
		  fnumber(0), stop(false), digits(0), frameToStop(-1), 
	      process(0), frameProcessor(0) {}

	  // set the name of the video file
	  bool setInput(std::string filename) {

		fnumber= 0;
		// In case a resource was already 
		// associated with the VideoCapture instance
		capture.release();
		images.clear();

		// Open the video file
		return capture.open(filename);
	  }

	  // set the camera ID
	  bool setInput(int id) {

		fnumber= 0;
		// In case a resource was already 
		// associated with the VideoCapture instance
		capture.release();
		images.clear();

		// Open the video file
		return capture.open(id);
	  }

	  // set the vector of input images
	  bool setInput(const std::vector<std::string>& imgs) {

		fnumber= 0;
		// In case a resource was already 
		// associated with the VideoCapture instance
		capture.release();

		// the input will be this vector of images
		images= imgs;
		itImg= images.begin();

		return true;
	  }

	  // set the output video file
	  // by default the same parameters than input video will be used
	  bool setOutput(const std::string &filename, int codec=0, double framerate=0.0, bool isColor=true) {

		  outputFile= filename;
		  extension.clear();
		  
		  if (framerate==0.0) 
			  framerate= getFrameRate(); // same as input

		  char c[4];
		  // use same codec as input
		  if (codec==0) { 
			  codec= getCodec(c);
		  }

		  // Open output video
		  return writer.open(outputFile, // filename
			  codec, // codec to be used 
			  framerate,      // frame rate of the video
			  getFrameSize(), // frame size
			  isColor);       // color video?
	  }

	  // set the output as a series of image files
	  // extension must be ".jpg", ".bmp" ...
	  bool setOutput(const std::string &filename, // filename prefix
		  const std::string &ext, // image file extension 
		  int numberOfDigits=3,   // number of digits
		  int startIndex=0) {     // start index

		  // number of digits must be positive
		  if (numberOfDigits<0)
			  return false;

		  // filenames and their common extension
		  outputFile= filename;
		  extension= ext;

		  // number of digits in the file numbering scheme
		  digits= numberOfDigits;
		  // start numbering at this index
		  currentIndex= startIndex;

		  return true;
	  }

	  // set the callback function that will be called for each frame
	  void setFrameProcessor(void (*frameProcessingCallback)(cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&)) {

		  // invalidate frame processor class instance
		  frameProcessor= 0;
		  // this is the frame processor function that will be called
		  process= frameProcessingCallback;
		  callProcess();
	  }

	  // set the instance of the class that implements the FrameProcessor interface
	  void setFrameProcessor(FrameProcessor* frameProcessorPtr) {

		  // invalidate callback function
		  process= 0;
		  // this is the frame processor instance that will be called
		  frameProcessor= frameProcessorPtr;
		  callProcess();
	  }

	  // stop streaming at this frame number
	  void stopAtFrameNo(long frame) {

		  frameToStop= frame;
	  }

	  // process callback to be called
	  void callProcess() {

		  callIt= true;
	  }

	  // do not call process callback
	  void dontCallProcess() {

		  callIt= false;
	  }

	  // to display the processed frames
	  void displayInput(std::string wn) {
	    
		  windowNameInput= wn;
		  cv::namedWindow(windowNameInput);
	  }

	  // to display the processed frames
	  void displayOutput(std::string wn) {
	    
		  windowNameOutput= wn;
		  cv::namedWindow(windowNameOutput);
	  }

	  // do not display the processed frames
	  void dontDisplay() {

		  cv::destroyWindow(windowNameInput);
		  cv::destroyWindow(windowNameOutput);
		  windowNameInput.clear();
		  windowNameOutput.clear();
	  }

	  // set a delay between each frame
	  // 0 means wait at each frame
	  // negative means no delay
	  void setDelay(int d) {
	  
		  delay= d;
	  }

	  // a count is kept of the processed frames
	  long getNumberOfProcessedFrames() {
	  
		  return fnumber;
	  }

	  // return the size of the video frame
	  cv::Size getFrameSize() {

		if (images.size()==0) {

			// get size of from the capture device
			int w= static_cast<int>(capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
			int h= static_cast<int>(capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

			return cv::Size(w,h);

		} else { // if input is vector of images

			cv::Mat tmp= cv::imread(images[0]);
			if (!tmp.data) return cv::Size(0,0);
			else return tmp.size();
		}
	  }

	  // return the frame number of the next frame
	  long getFrameNumber() {

		if (images.size()==0) {

			// get info of from the capture device
	 	    long f= static_cast<long>(capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES));
		    return f; 

		} else { // if input is vector of images

			return static_cast<long>(itImg-images.begin());
		}
	  }

	  // return the position in ms
	  double getPositionMS() {

		  // undefined for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) return 0.0;

	 	  double t= capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC);
		  return t; 
	  }

	  // return the frame rate
	  double getFrameRate() {

		  // undefined for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) return 0;

	 	  double r= capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FPS);
		  return r; 
	  }

	  // return the number of frames in video
	  long getTotalFrameCount() {

		  // for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) return images.size();

	 	  long t= capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT);
		  return t; 
	  }

	  // get the codec of input video
	  int getCodec(char codec[4]) {

		  // undefined for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) return -1;

		  union {
			  int value;
			  char code[4]; } returned;

		  returned.value= static_cast<int>(capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FOURCC));

		  codec[0]= returned.code[0];
		  codec[1]= returned.code[1];
		  codec[2]= returned.code[2];
		  codec[3]= returned.code[3];

		  return returned.value;
	  }
	  
	  // go to this frame number
	  bool setFrameNumber(long pos) {

		  // for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) {

			  // move to position in vector
			  itImg= images.begin() + pos;
			  // is it a valid position?
			  if (pos < images.size())
				  return true;
			  else
				  return false;

		  } else { // if input is a capture device

			return capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES, pos);
		  }
	  }

	  // go to this position
	  bool setPositionMS(double pos) {

		  // not defined in vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) 
			  return false;
		  else 
		      return capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC, pos);
	  }

	  // go to this position expressed in fraction of total film length
	  bool setRelativePosition(double pos) {

		  // for vector of images
		  if (images.size()!=0) {

			  // move to position in vector
			  long posI= static_cast<long>(pos*images.size()+0.5);
			  itImg= images.begin() + posI;
			  // is it a valid position?
			  if (posI < images.size())
				  return true;
			  else
				  return false;

		  } else { // if input is a capture device

			  return capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_AVI_RATIO, pos);
		  }
	  }

	  // Stop the processing
	  void stopIt() {

		  stop= true;
	  }

	  // Is the process stopped?
	  bool isStopped() {

		  return stop;
	  }

	  // Is a capture device opened?
	  bool isOpened() {

		  return capture.isOpened() || !images.empty();
	  }
	  
	  // to grab (and process) the frames of the sequence
	  void run() {

		  // current frame
		  cv::Mat frame;
		  // output frame
		  cv::Mat output;

		  // if no capture device has been set
		  if (!isOpened())
			  return;

		  stop= false;

		  while (!isStopped()) {

			  // read next frame if any
			  if (!readNextFrame(frame))
				  break;

			  // display input frame
			  if (windowNameInput.length()!=0) 
				  cv::imshow(windowNameInput,frame);

		      // calling the process function or method
			  if (callIt) {
				  
				// process the frame
				if (process)
				    process(frame, output);
				else if (frameProcessor) 
					frameProcessor->process(frame,output);
				// increment frame number
			    fnumber++;

			  } else {

				output= frame;
			  }

			  // write output sequence
			  if (outputFile.length()!=0)
				  writeNextFrame(output);

			  // display output frame
			  if (windowNameOutput.length()!=0) 
				  cv::imshow(windowNameOutput,output);
			
			  // introduce a delay
			  if (delay>=0 && cv::waitKey(delay)>=0)
				stopIt();

			  // check if we should stop
			  if (frameToStop>=0 && getFrameNumber()==frameToStop)
				  stopIt();
		  }
	  }
};

#endif